Definition
Themassesofpeoplearethecreatorsofhistory.Asanimportantcategoryofhistoricalmaterialism,themassesofpeoplerefertothesumoftheoverwhelmingmajorityofmembersofsocietythatpromotehistoricaldevelopment.Themassesofthepeopleareahistoricalcategory,whichreferstoallthepeoplewhoplayaroleinpromotingsocialhistory.
Workersengagedinmaterialproductionandspiritualproductionarealwaysthemainbodyofthepeople.
Themassesofpeopleareahistoricalcategory,withdifferentcontentsindifferentcountriesordifferenthistoricalperiodsofaunifiedcountry.
Themassesofthepeoplearethesubjectofpracticeandthecreatorofhistory.
Role
Thehistoricalmaterialismholdsthatthepeoplearethecreatorsofhistory.Engelsoncesaid:Historicalactivitiesarethecauseofthemasses.Itisthe"movingmasses"thatdeterminesthedevelopmentofhistory.Themassesofthepeopleareahistoricalcategory.Themassesofthepeoplereferqualitativelytoallthepeoplewhoplayaroleinpromotingthedevelopmentofsocialhistory,andquantitativelyrefertotheoverwhelmingmajorityofthesocialpopulation.Indifferenthistoricalperiods,themassesofthepeoplehavedifferentcontents,includingdifferentclasses,strataandgroups.Themoststablepartofthemassesofthepeoplehasalwaysbeentheworkingmassesandtheirintellectualsengagedintheproductionofmaterialmaterials.Inthecourseofhistoricaldevelopment,themassesofthepeopleplayadecisiverole.
Thepeoplearethecreatorsofsocialmaterialwealth,thecreatorofsocialspiritualwealth,andthedecisiveforceforsocialchange.
Meaning
Explanation
Themassesofpeoplerefertothepeoplewhoplayaroleinpromotingsocialhistory,andthemainstabilityistheworkingmasses
Thepeoplearethemainbodyofpracticeandthecreatorofhistory.
①Thepeoplearethecreatorsofsocialmaterialwealth,andthusfundamentallypromotethedevelopmentofsociety.Totransformnaturalresourcesintosocialwealth,workersmustmastertheappropriatetoolsandperformarduouslabor.Theworkingpeoplecontinuetoaccumulateexperience,improvetools,andraisethelevelofproductivity,thuscreatingmaterialcivilizationformankind.Inthecreationofsocialwealth,therolesofmanualworkersandmentalworkersareveryimportant.Inthefinalanalysis,allmaterialwealthisthecommonproductofmanualworkersandmentalworkers.Withtheadventoftheeraofknowledgeeconomy,theroleofmentalworkincreatingmaterialresultswillbecomemoreandmoreprominent,andtheroleofintellectualswillbecomegreaterandgreater.
②Thepeoplearethecreatorsofsocialspiritualwealth,thuspromotingtheoverallprogressofsociety.Theproductionpracticeofworkingpeopletocreatematerialmeansoflifeprovidesamaterialbasisforpeopletoengageinallspiritualproduction.Anyonewhowantstoengageinscientific,cultural,artisticandotherspiritualactivitiesmusthavecertainmaterialmeansoflifeandcertainmaterialMeans,thesearecreatedbytheworkingpeoplethroughproductionpractices;thepracticalactivitiesofthepeoplearethesourceofallspiritualwealth,andtherichexperienceaccumulatedbythepeopleinproductionpracticesconstitutetherawmaterialsorsemi-finishedproductsofhumanspiritualwealth.Scientistsandartists,Thinkersgeneralizeandsummarize,sortandprocessit,orgenerateinspirationandformspiritualwealth;theworkingpeoplealsodirectlycreatespiritualwealth,andthematerialresultscreatedbytheworkingpeoplewillalwayscondensepeople’swisdom,sothisMaterialachievementsarealsoakindofspiritualwealth.Theworkingpeoplehavealsocreatedmanysculpturesandpaintingsinpractice.Theyareanimportantpartofthetreasurehouseofhumanart.
③Themassesofpeoplearethedecisiveforceofsocialchangeandplayamajorroleinsocialchange.Thecontradictionmovementbetweenproductiveforcesandproductionrelationspromotesthedevelopmentofsociety,andallsocialcontradictionsarecontradictionsbetweenpeople,andsocialcontradictionscanonlyberesolvedthroughhumanactivities.Thesettlementofallsocialcontradictionsinhistorywasessentiallyastrugglebythemassestooverthrowtheoldsocialsystem.Thepeople'sdecisiveroleinhistoricaldevelopmentisprominentlymanifestedintheperiodofsocialchange.Afterenteringthesocialistperiod,themassesofthepeople,asthedecisiveforceinsocialchange,theirroleisrealizedbyreforming,consolidatingandimprovingthesocialistsystem.
Methodology
Integratewithmasspractice.
①Establishtheviewpointofthemassesandadheretothemassline.
A,Believethemasses.Themassesofthepeoplearethemastersofsocialhistoryandthedecisiveforceintransformingnatureandpromotingsocialdevelopment;themassesofthepeoplearethecreatorsofhistorywithinfinitecreativity;themassesofthepeoplearethemainbodyofpractice,containingincomparablewisdomandtremendouspower.Therefore,wemusttrustthemassesanddiscusswiththemassesifwehaveanythingtoovercomeanydifficulties,defeatanyenemy,andachievevictoryinourcause.
B,Relyonthemasses.mycountry'ssocialistconstructionandreformarethecommoncauseofhundredsofmillionsofpeople,andtheymustbeaccomplishedbythebroadmasses.Alltheworkofaunitoracollectivemustalsobecompletedbyrelyingonthewisdomandstrengthofthebroadmasses,relyingontheirtrustandsupport,andrelyingontheirhardwork.Eventasksthatareundertakenbyindividualsneedtorelyonthecooperationofthemassestocompletethem.
C,Tofightfortheinterestsofthepeople.Theproletariatisthemostadvancedclass.Onlybyeliminatingallclassesandclassdifferencesandemancipatingthebroadmassesofthepeoplecantheproletariatitselfbefinallyliberated.Theinterestsoftheproletariatanditspoliticalpartiesarefundamentallyconsistentwiththeinterestsofthebroadmassesofthepeople.TheCommunistPartyofChinahasalwaysrepresentedthefundamentalinterestsofthebroadestmassesofpeopleinChina.Weshouldconsciouslysafeguardtheinterestsofthepeopleandfightfortheinterestsofthepeople.
②Youngstudentsmustfirmlyfollowtheroadofcombiningwiththepracticeofthepeople.
A.Reason:Thisisdeterminedbythecharacteristicsofyoungstudentsandthepracticalneedsofsocialistmodernizationandreformandopeningup.Youngstudentsdonothaveadeepunderstandingofsociety,lackofpsychologicalpreparationforreformrisks,andtendtobeone-sidedandidealisticintheirthinking,sometimeswithsubjectivismandindividualism.Therefore,onlybycombiningwiththepracticeofthemasses,gettingfamiliarwiththemassesofworkersandpeasants,andaccumulatingpracticalexperience,canwefullyandcorrectlyunderstandourselvesandovercomeourownshortcomingsandweaknesses.
B.Measures:First,Youmuststudyhard,butalsoactivelyparticipateinsocialpractice,soastocombinetheoryandpractice.Nowadays,thespaceforsocialactivitiesismoreextensive,andthecontentofsociallifeisbecomingmoreandmoreabundant.Ifapersonwantstosurviveanddevelop,tocontributetosociety,andtorealizehisownvalue,hemustcloselyintegratereadingandpractice.
Second,wemusthumblylearnfromtheworkersandpeasants.Newthingsandnewproblemsinthesocialistmodernizationdriveareemergingoneafteranother.Asthemainbodyofpractice,theworkersandpeasantshavebeenworkingonthefrontlineofproductionforalongtime,andtheyhaveaccumulatedalotofknowledgeandrichexperience.Onlybyhumblylearningfromthemassesandabsorbingtheexperienceandwisdomofthemasses,canwecontinuouslyexpand,deepenandimproveourknowledgestructuresystem,andcanusetheknowledgewehavelearnedtouseourwisdomandtalentsinthepracticeoftheworkersandpeasants,benefitthepeopleandpromotesociety.progress.
Third,wemustconsciouslygototheplacewherethemotherlandneedsitmost,andgototheplacewhereitisdifficult.Inthegreatpracticeofreform,openingup,andmodernization,throughtrialsandhardships,seeingtheworld,developingtalents,andmakingcontributions,Icangrowandmaturefaster.
Fourth,wemustmakeacompletechangeinthethreeaspectsof"emotion,reason,andbehavior."Thatistohavethoughtsandfeelingsforthepeople,asenseofloveforthepeople'scause,asenseofclosenesstotheworkersandpeasants,andsympathyforthesufferingofthepeople;thefundamentalinterestsofthepeopleshouldbethestartingpointandthehigheststandard;Activelyparticipateinvariousformsofsocialpracticeactivitiesandintegratetheorywithpractice.Studentswhoareworkersandpeasantsusetheirwisdomandknowledgetoserveworkersandpeasants.
Decisiveeffect
(1)Thepeoplearethecreatorsofsocialmaterialwealth;
Thisisbecausethepeople,firstofall,theworkingpeople,aretheproductiveforcesTheproductivityisthedecisiveforcetopromotesocialdevelopment,andthemassesarethecreatorsofthematerialmeansoflifethathumansocietydependsonforsurvivalanddevelopment.Itispreciselywhentheworkingpeopleprovidethematerialmeansoflifesuchasclothing,food,shelter,transportation,etc.,thatsociallife,includingpolitical,scientific,andartisticlife,canproceednormally.Therefore,themassesofpeoplewhoengageinandpromoteproductionpracticesindifferentformswillinevitablyplayadecisiveroleinsocialdevelopment.Thisisthesimplestandmostobviousfact,anditisalsothemostfundamentalandmainfact.
(2)Themassesofthepeoplearethecreatorsofspiritualwealth;
Onthisissue,bourgeoisthinkershaveneverrecognizedthem.Theydenythemasses’decisiononthedevelopmentofscienceandculture.Theeffectisveryabsurd.Thefactis:
①Themassesofpeoplehavecreatedmaterialpremisesforthespiritualproductionofthinkers,scientistsandartists;②thepracticalactivitiesofthemassesofpeoplearethesourceofallspiritualwealth.Anyvaluablespiritualwealthcomesfromsocialpractice;③Workingpeopledirectlyparticipateinthecreationofspiritualandculturalwealth:Workingpeople,whileprovidingabundantspiritualwealthrawmaterials,alsomakepreliminaryprocessingoftheserawmaterials,evendirectlyThecreationoftreasuresofspiritualwealthmeansthattheearliestinventionrightsofscienceandartbelongtotheworkingpeople,andmanyfamousscientistsandartistshaveemergedfromtheworkingpeople.
Inshort,alltheabovecaneloquentlyprovethatthepeoplearethecreatorsofspiritualwealth.Thegreatroleofobliteratingthemassesofthepeopleinthecreationofsocialspiritualwealthisnothingbuttheprejudiceoftheexploitingclass,whichrunscountertothetruehistoricalsituation.However,historicalmaterialismaffirmsthatthepeoplearethecreatorsofspiritualwealth.Inanysense,thisdoesnotnegatetheroleofintellectualsincreatingsocialspiritualwealth.Intheprocessofcreatingsocialspiritualandculturalwealth,thepeopleengageinmentalwork.Theintellectualsplayanimportantrole.
(3)Themassesofthepeoplearethedecisiveforceinreformingthesocialsystemandadvancinghistory;
Thisisbecause,inthefinalanalysis,socialdevelopmentiscausedbybasicsocialcontradictions,butThefundamentalsolutionofbasicsocialcontradictionsmustrelyonthesocialrevolutionofthemassesofthepeople.Inclasssociety,itisachievedthroughfierceclassstruggle.Themassesofthepeoplearethemainforceofthesocialrevolution,andalltruerevolutionarymovementsinhistoryareactuallythemassesofthemassesthemselvesfightingtodestroytheoldsystem.Onlythiskindofmasssocialrevolutioncanpromotethedevelopmentofthesocialformfromalow-leveltoahigh-level.Historyhasshownthatthepeople’saspirationsembodythemainstreamofhistory.Thosewhowintheheartsofthepeoplewillprosper,andthosewholosetheirheartswillperish.Thisisatruththathasbeenproventimeandtimeagain.ComradeMaoZedongsaid:"Thepeople,andonlythepeople,cancreateworldhistory.Power.”Thisistheconclusionofhistoricalmaterialism.
(4)Thesocialrestrictionofthecreativeeffectofthemasses.
Fromtheperspectiveofhistoricalmaterialism,themassesofthepeoplearethedecisiveforceincreatinghistory,butthecreativeactivitiesofthemassesarenotarbitrary.Themassesofthepeoplecreatetheirownhistory,alwaysundertheconstraintsofcertainsocialandhistoricalconditions,onthebasisofestablishedrealisticrelations,andfollowtheobjectivelawsofsocialdevelopment.Underdifferentsocialandhistoricalconditions,themassesplaydifferentrolesincreatinghistory.
Practicalsignificance
TheworkingclassisthemainforceofChina'smostadvancedmodernproductivityandtherepresentativeofthemostadvancedproductionrelations.InoldChina,theworkingclasswasdeeplyoppressedbyimperialism,feudalism,andbureaucraticcapitalism.Itwasatthebottomofthesociety.Itsufferedmoreexploitationandoppressionthananyotherclassinmycountry,anditaccountedforthevastmajorityofourpopulation.Thepeasantmassesmaintainanaturalconnection.ThisclassstatusdeterminesthattheChineseworkingclassmustcloselylinkitsemancipationwiththeemancipationofotherworkingpeople,andmustregardtheemancipationofallexploitedandoppressedclassesasaprerequisiteforitsemancipation.AsthevanguardoftheChineseworkingclass,theCommunistPartyofChinamustreflectandrepresenttheinterestsoftheentireChinesepeople.EverypartymemberandcadremustalsotaketherealizationandprotectionoftheinterestsoftheentireChinesepeopleastheirboundenduty.Secondly,thisisdeterminedbytheparty'spurposeofservingthepeoplewholeheartedly.TheCommunistPartyofChinafightsfortheinterestsofthepeople,andhasnospecialinterestsofitsownexceptfortheinterestsoftheworkingclassandthebroadestmassesofthepeople.Thepartyputstheinterestsofthemassesfirstatalltimes,sharesupsanddownswiththemasses,maintainstheclosestties,anddoesnotallowanypartymembertodivorcefromthemassesanddominatethemasses.Withoutthesincereandvigoroussupportofthebroadmassesofthepeople,thepartycannotgrowfromsmalltolarge,fromweaktostrong,andimpossibletocompletethetasksofrevolution,construction,andreform,andcreatebrilliantachievements.
Partyrelationship
Thepeople'spositionisthefundamentalpoliticalpositionoftheCommunistPartyofChina,anditisasignificantmarkthatdistinguishesaMarxistpartyfromotherparties.TheConstitutionoftheCommunistPartyofChinastipulatesthattheCommunistPartyofChinahasnospecialinterestsofitsownexceptfortheinterestsoftheworkingclassandthebroadestmassesofthepeople.Persistinbuildingthepartyforthepublicandgoverningforthepeople,andmaintaintheflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthepartyandthepeople.
Thosewhowintheheartsofthepeoplewintheworld,andthosewholosetheheartsofthepeoplelosetheworld.Thisremarkisconsistentwiththeprincipleof"carryingovertheboatandoverturningtheboat,itisnecessarytobecautious."Thereasoninghereisinfinitewarning:establishingacorrectviewofthemassesisthefundamentalguaranteeforarulingpartytowintheheartsofthepeople.Partymembersandleadingcadresmusttrulyunderstand,love,andservethepeople,andmustcorrectlyunderstandtherelationshipbetweenthepartyandthepeople.
Therelationshipbetweenfishandwater.Themassesofthepeoplearenotonlyourfoodandclothingparents,butalsothesourceofourstrengthandthefoundationofoursurvival.Separatefromthemassesofthepeople,wewillaccomplishnothing.Inpractice,somecomradeswhogotoaplaceoraunitcanusethetime,giveplaytothegeographicaladvantage,andpromoteharmony,justlikeafishoutofwater,andquicklycreateanewsituationinwork;whilesomecomradeshavedifficultyopeningupthesituation.Beforetheystartedworking,they"firedinthebackyard"andcomplainedthatthemassesweredisobedient;somecomradeswereevenfullofofficials,self-righteous,andcouldnotminglewiththemasses.Thefish-and-waterrelationshipbetweenthepartyandthepeopleismainlymanifestedinunderstandingthepeople'ssentiments,understandingthepeople'sprinciples,handlingcivilaffairs,andalleviatingpeople'sworries.Onlyinthiswaycanthepartyandthemassesofthepeopledependoneachotherandarecloselyrelatedtoeachother.Therefore,foraleadingcadre,itisnecessarytofirmlyestablishaMarxistoutlookonthemassesandconsciouslyregarditasabeliefandasthefirstpursuitofpartyspirittraining.
Therelationshipbetweenseedsandland.ComradeMaoZedongpointedout:WeCommunistsarelikeseeds,andthepeoplearelikeland.Whenwereachaplace,wemustunitewiththepeoplethere,andtakerootandblossomamongthepeople.Theso-calledintegrationmeansthatcadresatalllevelsmustbedeeplyrootedinthemasses,connectwiththemassesemotionally,integratewiththemassesinlife,andplacethemselvesasamemberoftheordinarymasses;thatis,theymustbegoodatdoingmassworkandgoodatpropaganda.Themasses,mobilizethemasses,organizethemasses,andturntheparty'sintentionsintotheconsciousactionsofthemasses;itisnecessarytogivefullplaytothevanguardandexemplaryrole,taketheleadinworkinghard,andleadthemassestocreateavigorousworksituation.
Therelationshipbetweenpublicservantsandmasters.Thenatureofourcountry'ssocialistregimedeterminesthatthemassesofthepeoplearethemastersofthecountry,andpublicofficialsaretheservantsofthepeople.Correctingthepositionofmasterandservantandhandlingtherelationshipbetweenmasterandservantarethekeyissuestoensurethattheydonotdegenerate.Inthenewhistoricalperiod,toproperlyhandletherelationshipbetweenpublicservantsandmastersandtoperformthedutiesofpublicservantseffectively,itisnecessarytokeepinmindtheparty’spurposeofservingthepeoplewholeheartedly,andtothinkseriouslyabout"Whyparticipateintherevolution,whatdoyoudonowinpower,andstaybehindinthefuture?""What",wemustrefrainfromformalismandbureaucracy;weareopposedtosuperficialwriting,ostentation,andfalsepoliticalachievements;andweadvocateseekingtruthandbeingpragmatic,workinghard,andworkinghard.
Correctlyhandle
"Thepeoplearethefoundationofthecountry,andthefoundationissolid."Thesupportofpeoplehasalwaysbeenthefundamentalfactorthatdeterminesthesuccessorfailureofapoliticalpartyandaregime.TheCommunistPartyofChinaisthevanguardoftheChineseworkingclass,andatthesametimethevanguardoftheChinesepeopleandtheChinesenation.Buildingthepartyforthepublicandgoverningforthepeopleistheessentialrequirementoftheparty.Maintainingclosetieswiththemassesofthepeopleistheparty'sgreatestpoliticaladvantage,andseparationfromthemassesistheparty'sgreatestdanger.Historyhasprovedthatwhenthewillofthepeopleisrealizedandtheinterestsofthepeoplearesafeguardedanddeveloped,theparty'scausewillflourish;whenthewillofthepeopleisviolatedandtheinterestsofthepeopleareharmed,theparty'scausewillsuffersetbacks."Wemustpersistinbuildingthepartyforthepublic,governingforthepeople,andalwaysmaintaintheflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthepartyandthepeople."Thisgoverningexperiencerequiresustocorrectlyhandletherelationshipbetweenthepartyandthepeople.
Tocorrectlyhandletherelationshipbetweenthepartyandthepeople,andtopracticethepurposeofestablishingthepartyforthepublicandgoverningforthepeople,thekeyisthatthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresmustestablishacorrectoutlookontheworld,lifeandvalues,andestablishacorrectoutlookondevelopment.Viewsonthemasses,power,andpoliticalachievements.Wemustadheretotheworklineofdoingeverythingforthemasses,allrelyingonthemasses,fromamongthemasses,andfromamongthemasses,andovercomethewrongtendencyofdespisingthemasses,detachingthemselvesfromthemasses,andholdingthedoorbehindasmallnumberofpeopleanddoingthingsinadesertedmanner.Wemustadheretothepeople-orientedprinciple,fullyconsiderthewishesandinterestsofthemassesinmakingdecisionsandhandlingaffairs,andcloselyintegratetheintensityofreform,thespeedofdevelopment,andthedegreeofsocialaffordability,topreventrejoicingandeagernessforsuccess.Wemustbeconcernedaboutthesufferingofthemassesandfocusonthemostrealistic,mostconcerned,andmostdirectissuesofthemasses,dopractical,problem-solving,anddogooddeeds,andtrulyachievethatpowerisusedbythepeople,sentimentsaretiedtothepeople,andbenefitsaresoughtbythepeople.