Basicconcepts
OfficeAutomation(OA)isbasedonthegradualrealizationofautomationofequipmentandcommunication,andarisesthroughthedevelopmentofManagementInformationSystem(MIS)Acomprehensivetechnology.Itisanewofficemethodthatcombinescomputernetworkandmodernoffice.Itcannotonlyrealizetheautomaticprocessingofofficeaffairs,butalsogreatlyimprovetheworkefficiencyofindividualorgroupofficeaffairs,andisforthemanagementanddecision-makingofenterprisesordepartments.Provideascientificbasis.Inthefieldofofficeautomationmanagement,ifhardwaretechnologyistheguaranteeofitsenvironment,thensoftwaretechnologyisthesoulofthesmoothrealizationofofficeautomationfunctions.Sincethe1970s,itstartedwithstand-aloneprocessing,forexample,usingamicrocomputertoprocesstext,andthencompletingtaskssuchasdocumentfiling,recordinginstructions,andautomatictelephonerecording.Afterthe1980s,itenteredaperiodofrapiddevelopmentofofficeautomation.Intheoffice,computersweregenerallyusedashigh-levelmanagementtools,suchasinformationretrieval,decision-makingassistance,etc.,andacomputernetworksystemcomposedofofficeequipment,computers,communications,etc.interconnected,Usingnetworkintegrationtechnology,people'sabilitytoprocessofficeinformationhastakenaqualitativeleap,andofficeautomationhasbecomeamajorsymbolofintelligentbuildings.
Atpresent,theofficeautomationsystemhasbecomeacomprehensivesystemincludingcomputer,communication,audio-visualrecognition,numericalcalculationandmanagementandothertechnologies.Computertechnology,communicationtechnology,systemscienceandbehavioralscienceareregardedasthefoursupportsofofficeautomation,andworkstationsandlocalareanetworkshavebecomethetwopillarsofofficeautomation.
Developmenthistory
Thedevelopmentofofficeautomationhasroughlygonethroughthreestages:
Realizeindividualworkautomation
ThefirstgenerationofofficeFeaturesofautomation:Personalcomputerandofficesoftwarearethemainfeatures.Thesoftwareisbasedonfilesystemsandrelationaldatabasesystems.Itusesstructureddataasstorageandprocessingobjects.Itemphasizesdatacalculationandstatisticscapabilities,andrealizesdatastatisticsanddocumentwriting.Electronicizationhascompletedtheleapfromoriginalpapermediatoelectronicsforofficeinformationcarriers.
Inthe1960s,anewtechnologicalrevolutionappearedinhumansociety-theemergenceof"informationrevolution"and"informationsociety"causedarapidincreaseintheamountofsocialinformation,resultinginalargeamountofofficestaffandofficeexpenses.Increase,butofficeefficiencyisrelativelylow.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,insomemajorindustrializedcountries,morethan40%ofthestaffareengagedinofficework.
Intheearlytomid-70softhe20thcentury,developedcountriesputforwardtheconceptofofficeautomationinordertosolvetheproblemthatthesharpincreaseinofficebusinesshadahugeimpactoncorporateproductivity.In1972,Dr.WangAn,aChineseAmericanscientistwhostartedwithmagneticcorestoragetechnology,foundedWangAnCompanyandlaunchedtheWordProcessingSystem.Sincethen,thewordWPShasofficiallyappeared.WPShaspushedWang'antothepeakofitscareerandbroughtthedevelopmentofofficeautomationtoanewstage,thusforminganewconcept-"officeautomation"andgraduallybecomingacomprehensivetechnicaldiscipline.
Inthemid-1980s,OAtechnologydevelopedrapidlyinourcountry.GovernmentdepartmentsatalllevelsfromthecentraltothelocalgovernmenttooktheleadinadoptingOAtechnologytocontinuouslyimproveofficeefficiencyandofficequality.Somelargeandmedium-sizedEnterpriseshavealsosuccessivelyintroducedOAtechnology,whichhasimprovedtheirdevelopmentspaceandcompetitiveness.
Realizeworkflowautomation
Featuresofthesecondgenerationofofficeautomation:network-centric,unstructureddatainformationflow(orworkflow)asthemainstorageandprocessingobject,Notonlyimprovesofficeefficiency,butalsoenhancesthesecurityofthesystem.
Fromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentofinformationtechnology,thefirst-generationofficeautomationsystembasedonrelationaldatabaseshasmanyshortcomings:
①TheburdenofPCistooheavyandthepriceishigh;
②Lackofapublicbasiccommunicationplatform,poorversatility,lowreusability,andlackoftheabilitytocommunicateandworktogether;
③ThesystemhaspooradaptivecapabilitiesandcanonlybedeterminedatthetimeofdevelopmentTheidea,processandfunctionofprocessinginformation;
④Informationmanagementislimitedtotheinternalorgans,enterprisesandinstitutions,andthereisnoorlackofexternalinformationsources.
Withtherapiddevelopmentoflocalareanetworks,wideareanetworksandtheInternet,theconnotationofofficeautomationhasalsochanged.SincetheUSDepartmentofDefenseadoptedtheTCP/IPprotocolasanetworkstandardin1982,moreandmorepersonalcomputershavebeenconnectedtotheInternet,whichcanfacilitatebrowsingandqueryinginformationresourcesaroundtheworld,solvingtheexistenceofthefirstgenerationofofficeautomation.Manyshortcomings.
Realizeknowledgemanagementasthecore
Characteristicsofthethirdgenerationofofficeautomation:takethenetwork(Internet/Intranet/Extranet)asthecenter,andusedataandinformationtorefineandorganizeknowledgeMainlydealwithcontentandobjects.In1996,theWorldOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)firstputforwardthenewconceptof"KnowledgeEconomic"(KnowledgeEconomic)inthereportof"Science,TechnologyandIndustryOutlook",theestablishmentofknowledgeeconomyAnddevelopmentmainlyreferstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,education,andinnovation(Responsiveness),productivity(Productivity)andskillquality(Competency)asthemainconnotationofknowledgemanagement(KnowledgeManagement).Thecontentof"office"isnolongerasimpledocumentprocessingandadministrativeaffairs,butamanagementprocess.Inofficemanagement,themostbasicconnectionbetweenstaffiscommunication,coordinationandcontrol.ThesebasicrequirementsarebasedonknowledgeOfficeautomationsystemswithmanagementasthecorewillbebettersatisfied.
Thedevelopmentofofficeautomationsystemscoincideswiththeevolutionofdata,informationandknowledge,thatis,fromthefirstgenerationofofficeautomationwithdataasthemainprocessingcontenttothesecondgenerationofofficeautomationwithinformationasthemainprocessingcontentAutomation,andthendevelopedtothethirdgenerationofofficeautomationwithknowledgeasthemainprocessingcontent.Twoleapshavebeenachievedinthethreedevelopmentstagesofofficeautomation,namely,theleapfromdataprocessingtoinformationprocessing,andtheleapfrominformationprocessingtoknowledgeprocessing.Inthedevelopmentofofficeautomationsystems,therangeofpersonnelwhouseofficeautomationsystemshasgraduallyexpanded,fromtheadministrativestaffofagencies,enterprisesandinstitutionstothemanagementoftheenterpriseandallemployeesoftheenterprise.
Functionintroduction
ThecoreapplicationsofOAsoftwareare:processapproval,collaborativework,documentmanagement(state-ownedenterprisesandgovernmentagencies),communicationtools,documentmanagement,informationcenters,electronicforums,Planmanagement,projectmanagement,taskmanagement,meetingmanagement,associatedpersonnel,systemintegration,portalcustomization,addressbook,worknotes,questionnairesurvey,commontools(calculator,perpetualcalendar,etc.).
TheOAmanagementplatformisbasedonthearchitecturemodelof"framework+applicationcomponents+functioncustomizationplatform".Themainpartconsistsofmorethan30subsystems,includinginformationportal,collaborativework,workflow,formcenter,documentcirculation,Publicinformation,forummanagement,questionnairesurvey,planmanagement,conferencemanagement,taskmanagement,relatedprojects,relatedpersonnel,documentmanagement,externalmail,onlineexams,vehiclemanagement,itemmanagement,equipmentmanagement,commontools,handlingcenters,onlinemessages,Supervisionsystem,SMSplatform,commontools,personnelmanagement,functioncustomizationplatform,integrationplatform,systemmanagement,etc.,withnearly10,000functionpoints.
Fivemajorfeatures
OAemphasizestheconvenienceandconvenienceofofficeandimprovesefficiency.Asofficesoftware,itshouldhaveseveralmajorfeatures:easeofuse,robustness,openness,rigor,andpracticalitysex.
Easeofuse
Withoutacomprehensiveapplicationasafoundation,everythingisemptytalk.
Managementimplementationmustbeforallemployees,sothesoftwaremustalsobeacceptedandlovedbyallemployees.Iftheeaseofuseisnotstrong,thispremisedoesnotexist,andtheimplementationofthesystemcanonlybeemptytalk.Anysoftwarerequirestraining,butalmosteveryonecansurftheInternet.Therefore,asfarasthesoftwaresupportingtheimplementationofthesystemisconcerned,webpagestylemaybethebestchoice.
Robustness
Itmusthavethestabilityoflargeusersandhighconcurrentapplications.
Management"landing"mustbeforallemployees,sothesoftwarethatsupports"landing"mustalsoensurethestabilityofallemployees'applications,especiallyforgroupenterprises,wheresoftwaremusthavelargeusersandhighconcurrentapplicationsOtherwise,ifthereisaproblem,evenasmallproblem,itmayaffecttheactualgroupbusinessandcauseimmeasurablelosses.
Openness
Itcancompletenecessaryrelevanceintegrationapplicationswithothersoftwaresystems.
Management"landing"penetratesintoallaspectsofmanagementinactualmanagement,andnosetofsoftwarecanindependentlycompleteallaspectsofmanagementrequirements.Therefore,thesoftwaresupportingthe"landing"ofthesystemmusthavecomprehensiveAndextensiveintegration,canautomaticallyobtainrelevantinformationfromothersoftwaresystems,andcompletethenecessaryrelevanceintegrationapplications.Fromatechnicalpointofview,theuseofahighlyintegratedtechnicalarchitecture(J2EE)astheunderlyingdesignwilldecisivelyhelptheintegrationofthesoftware.Inthisway,thesoftwarecanreservealargenumberofinterfacestoprovidesufficienttechnicalsupportfortheintegrationofothersystems.Atthesametime,realisticintegrationexperienceisalsoessential,becauseintegrationapplicationnotonlyinvolvestechnicalaspects,butalsoincludespracticalskillsrequirementssuchasunderstandingofreal-worldbusinessmanagement,integrationpracticalskills,andintegrationprojectcontrol.
Strictness
Itisnecessarytorealizetheharmonyandunityoflargeconcentrationandsmallindependenceofinformationanddataatthesametime.
Enterprises,especiallygroupcompanies,judgingfromtheactualneedsofsystemimplementation,ontheonehand,theymusthaveaunifiedinformationplatform,ontheotherhand,theymustgiveeachsubsidiarydepartmentarelativelyindependentinformationspace.Therefore,thesoftwaremustnotonlyrealizethethree-dimensionalmanagementandcontrolof"users,rolesandpermissions",butalsorealizetheharmonyandunityoflargeconcentrationandsmallindependenceofinformationanddata,thatis,thefour-dimensional"users,roles,permissions+data"mustberealized.Control.
Practicality
Softwarefunctionsmustbecloselyintegratedwithmanagementpractices,otherwisethemedicinewillnotbecorrect,butmayhavenegativeeffects.Moreover,itmustbeabletoadapttotherequirementsofenterprisemanagementdevelopment.
Inreality,ontheonehand,companiesneedsoftwaretomeetexistingneedsasmuchaspossible.Ontheotherhand,managementitselfisalsoaprocessofcontinuousdevelopment.Therefore,companiesneedsoftwaretomeetdevelopmentneeds.Inthefaceofthiscontradictionbetweenrealityanddevelopment,therearethreecommonsolutionsintheindustry:project-based,product-based,andplatform-based.
Softwaretechnicalfeatures
DesigningagoodOAsystemisfarfromaddingafewspecialfunctions.Itneedstofollowthefollowingdesignprinciples.
Feasibilityandadaptability
FeasibilitymeansthatOAshouldbeabletomeetthecoreneedsoftheorganizationandthemainfunctionsitmustimplement,ratherthansurpassthecurrenttechnicallevel.
AdaptabilitymeansthattheimplementationconditionsofOAproductsadapttothecurrentenvironmentoftheorganization,anddesignsthatgobeyondtheenvironmentaredestinedtoproducefailedproducts.
Foresightandpracticality
ThedevelopmentanddesignofOAsystemshouldnotonlyconsidermaximizingthevalueofthesystem,maximizingcompliancewiththeneedsofvarioususers,andfullyconsideringthesystemInthefutureexpansionandextension,theimplementationprocessshouldalwaysfollowtheapplication-oriented,application-oriented,relyingontheapplicationdepartment,focusingonthepolicyofpracticalresults,whiletakingintoaccountfactorssuchascostcontrolandprojectcyclecontrol,sothedeploymentoffunctionsshouldalsofollowthepracticalIsm.
Advancementandmaturity
Advancedmanagementconcepts,technologiesandmethodscanenhancethecompetitivenessofenterprisesandextendthelifecycleofthesystem,butatthesametime,anyinnovationislikenoobTherabbitexperimentisrisky,soitisnecessarytopayattentiontothematurityofsoftwaresystems,hardwareequipment,developmenttools,andsoftwareproducts.Findingabalancebetweenadvancementandmaturityhasbecomethekeytomaximizingvalue.
Opennessandstandardization
TheopennessandstandardizationoftheOAsystemmeansthatthebottomlayeroftheOAsoftwaresystemshouldsupportmultipleprotocolsatvariouslevelsandsupporttheintercommunicationwithbusinesssystems,Interconnection,theapplicationsystemadoptsstandarddataexchangemethodstoensuredatasharing.Atpresentandinthefuture,OAsystemsneedtoeasilyandsmoothlyconnectwithvariousoperatingsystems,middleware,databases,businesssystemsandtoolsoftware.ThecurrentmainstreamOAvendorshavefullyconsideredthisaspect.
Reliabilityandstability
AlargeamountofmanagementdatacirculatesintheOAsystem,soitmustbereliable.Normalman-madeandexternalabnormaleventsshouldnotcausethesystemtocrash.Whenthesystemhasaproblem,itshouldbeabletorecoverinashorttime,andthedataofthesystemiscompleteandwillnotcausedatainconsistency.
Securityandconfidentiality
ThedevelopmentanddesignoftheOAsystemnotonlyconsidersthefullsharingofinformationresources,butalsopaysattentiontotheprotectionandisolationofinformation.Therefore,thesystemshouldbetargetedfordifferentapplications,Differentnetworkcommunicationenvironmentsanddifferentstoragedevicestakedifferentmeasures,includingsystemsecuritymechanisms,dataaccessauthoritycontrol,etc.toensuresystemsecurity.
Scalabilityandeaseofmaintenance
Inordertoadapttofuturebusinessexpansionandprojectfunctionexpansion,itisnecessarytofullyconsiderthesimplestmethodandthelowestinvestmenttorealizethesoftwaresystemExpansionandmaintenanceexpansion.
Therefore,inthedevelopmentanddesignofOAsoftwaresystems,itisnecessarytoconsiderthecontinuousexpansionofapplicationsandsystemstoformaneasy-to-manageandsustainabledevelopmentsystemstructure.Futurebusinessexpansiononlyneedstoaddnewapplicationsandservicemodulesonthebasisofexistingmechanisms.Ontheonehand,whenthenumberofapplicationsincreasesandthenumberofusersincreases,thesystemcansmoothlyincreaseserverstosupportnewpressurerequirements;ontheonehand,whennewtechnologiesandproductsappearandupgrade,thesystemcansmoothlytransitionwithoutaffectingusers'use;Ontheotherhand,whennewfunctionsareaddedtotheproduct,theexpansionofthebusinesscanbeeasilyrealizedbymeansofplug-insandmodulestocustomizetheplatform.
Adheretotheprincipleofopennessinequipmentselectionandnetworksolutions,sothatthesystemcaninterconnectandcommunicatewithvarioushardwaredevices;supportcross-platformandopendatainterfacesinsoftwaretofacilitatemutualintegrationwithothersystemsoftware,Inthefuture,itwillsupportsinglesign-onintegrationwithbusinesssystems,portalsandothersystems,andrealizeseamlessconnectionwiththeapplications,portals,anddataofthesesystemswhenthedatastructureofthecorrespondingsystemsisavailable.
Themanagementandmaintenanceofthesystemshouldadopttheideaofbalancingcentralizationanddecentralization.Forexample,OAproductshavesetupsystemmanagement,applicationmanagement,andpersonalmanagementforhierarchicalauthorizationandhierarchicalmaintenanceofthesystem.
Usingthetoolsprovidedbythesystem,thereisnoneedtowritecode,whichisconvenientforuserstocarryoutcustomizedfunctiontransformationbythemselves,anditisconvenientforuserstocustomizethedisplayofinterfacedataitems;atthesametime,itcanberestoredintimeandquicklywhenthereisaproblemwiththenetworkorsystemThenormaloperationofthesystemensurestherecoverabilityofthesystemandhasahighanti-interferenceabilityofthenetworksystem.
Aestheticsandeaseofuse
ThedesignofthesystemuserinterfaceadoptsWeb2.0userinterfacedesigntechnology,andtheinterfacecanbeflexiblychangedaccordingtouserneeds(enhancedlabelclassificationfeatures),focusingonuserexperience,Tomakethesystemfunctionseasytosee,learn,use,maintain,andmanage.
Asafull-staffapplicationsystem,easeofuseanduserexperiencearethekeyelementsforthesuccessorfailureoftheproject.TheprovidedproductsadoptB/Sloginmethod,canusecomputers,mobilephonesandothermethodstologin,adoptAJAX,graphicaleditorandothernewtechnologies,andareeasytoread,understand,operate,andhaveauserinterface.Concise,beautiful,friendly,easyforuserstomaster,operateanduse;theuseandmanagementofsystemmanagementisalsobasedonsimplicity,easyoperation,convenienceandpracticality.
Supportforlargeconcurrencycapabilities
Asagroup,multi-organization,andlargeuserunit,thedevelopmentanddesignofOAsoftwaresystemsshouldsupportmultipleloadbalancingcapabilitiessuchasapplicationsanddatabases,andsupportaccessoriesServeranddatabaseserverseparationtechnology,thussupportingtheabilityoftensofthousandsofuserstobeonlineandoperatingatthesametime.Theincreaseinthenumberofusersortheincreaseintheamountofinformationwillnotcausethesystem'sresponsivenesstodecrease.
Systemconcurrency:Throughtheclustermethod,thereisnotechnicallyupperlimitonconcurrency,soitcanfullyguaranteeusers'futurepersonnelexpansionneeds.
PlatformTechnology
(1)Microsoft's.Net+RelationalDatabase(RDB)Technology
Microsoftisdominatedbyitspowerfulandeasy-to-useOfficesuiteTheapplicationofthedesktopoperatingsystemisacceptedbythemajorityofofficeworkers.TheofficeplatformbasedonNet+RDBhasgainedextensivemarketsupportduetoitssimplicity,flexibilityandeaseofuse.
(2)SUN’sJ2EE+RDBtechnology
TheJ2EEstandardisleadingthedirectionoftechnologydevelopmentwithitsopennessandplatformindependence,anditisquicklyfoundinvariousapplicationsystems.Widelyusedandpromoted,andcontinuouslyexpandedintheOAfield.
(3)IBM'sLotusdominotechnology
Lotuswaslaunchedin1989.Itisknownforitse-mail,collaboration,unstructureddocumentprocessing,andsecuritymechanism.ItoncebecameastandardapplicationofOA.DevelopmentPlatform.
Infrastructure
TheOAplatformadoptsanarchitecturebasedonlayers,standards,andcomponents.TheplatformarchitecturecomplieswithJEEstandards,SOAstandards,WFMCstandards,W3CfOrmstandards,JSR168,WSRPandotherstandards.TheOAplatformarchitectureshouldsupportmultipledeploymentmodes,multipleoperatingsystems,variousdatabasesandmiddleware,andhaveacompleteconfigurationsystem,interfacesystem,andplug-insystemtosupportfutureexpansion.
ThebottomlayeroftheOAplatformarchitectureisthehardware,operatingsystem,andservercluster.Afive-layerarchitectureisusuallyusedabovethebottomlayer:databaselayer,servicelayer,applicationlayer,presentationlayeranduserlayer.
Thedatabaselayermainlyincludesrelationaldatabasesandnon-relationaldatabases;theservicelayerincludesvariousengines,toolsorinterfacesthatprovideservices;variousmiddlewarearedeployedbetweenthedatabaselayerandtheservicelayer;theapplicationlayerincludesdocumentmanagementVariousofficeapplicationsystemssuchas,processspecificationsandvariousbusinesssystems;thepresentationlayermainlyincludesvariousinformationportals;theuserlayerincludesbrowsers,PADclientsorMobileclients,etc.
Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandtheever-changingsocialcompetitionenvironment,theconnotationandextensionoftheOAsystemcontinuetoexpand.ThecontentoftheOAplatformisbecomingmoreandmoreabundant,thefunctionsarebecomingmoreandmorepowerful,andtheperformanceisbecomingmoreandmoreadvanced.
Hardwareenvironment
Officeautomationisacomprehensive,multidisciplinarypracticaltechnologywiththegoalofimprovingofficeefficiency,ensuringworkqualityandcomfort.Generally,itiscomposedofvariousterminalequipmentsuchascomputers,telephones,faxmachines,PCs,wordprocessors,audioandvideostorage,andcorrespondingsoftware.Itscontentincludesintegratedprocessingofvoice,data,image,textinformation,etc.
Thehardwarecompositionmodeofofficeautomationsystemisgenerallycloselyrelatedtosystemrequirements,enterprisescaleandorganizationalstructure,andgeographicaldistribution.Thefollowingintroducesseveralbasicmodesfromthemodularizationandhierarchicalcompositionofhardwaresystems.
Stand-alonesystemmode
Thestand-alonesystemmodeissuitablefortheOAsystemofsmallunits.Generally,aPCisconfiguredtoperformsomeauxiliaryofficeandmanagement.WiththedeclineinhardwarepricesandtheOAsystemPopularized,thismodehasbeenreplacedbythePCLANmode.
MicrocomputerLocalAreaNetworkSystemMode
Themicrocomputerlocalareanetworkisamedium-couplingmulti-computersystem.Ithasthecharacteristicsofdistributedprocessingandclient/servercomputingenvironment,whichrepresentsthecurrentadvancedThesystemcompositionmodelanddevelopmentdirectionofthecompany.
Systemintegrationmode
Forsomelargeenterprisesorspecialbuildingsinintelligentbuildings,theirOAsystemsaregeographicallydispersed,requirehighautomation,andrequirefastinformationprocessingspeedandlargecapacity..
Threeapplicationlevels
OAsystem,informationmanagementlevelOAsystemanddecisionsupportlevelOAsystemarethreefunctionallevelsinthegeneralizedorcompleteOAsystemcomposition.Theinterrelationshipbetweenthethreefunctionallevelscanbemadebythecallofprogrammodulesandthemeansofcomputerdatanetworkcommunication.ThemeaningoftheintegratedOAsystemistouseamoderncomputernetworkcommunicationsystemtointegratethethree-levelOAsystemintoacompleteOAsystem,sothatthecirculationofofficeinformationismorereasonable,andmanyunnecessarylinksofrepeatedinputofinformationarereduced.Improvetheefficiencyoftheentireofficesystem.
TheadvantageofanintegratedandnetworkedOAsystemisthatitnotonlymakestheoperationofofficeinformationmorecompactandeffectiveintheunit,butalsofacilitatesinformationcommunicationwiththeoutsideworldandmakesthescopeofinformationcommunicationItiswider,anditcanbemoreconvenientandfastertoestablishinformationcommunicationbetweenremoteoffices,anditispossibletointegrateintothesharingofinformationresourcesaroundtheworld.
Thefirstlevel
OAtechnologyisdividedintothreedifferentlevels:Thefirstlevelislimitedtowordprocessing,spreadsheets,databases,etc.onastand-alonecomputerorasimplesmalllocalareanetwork.Theapplicationofauxiliarytoolsisgenerallycalledabusinessofficeautomationsystem.InofficeaffairsOA,themostcommonapplicationsincludewordprocessing,electronictypesetting,electronicformprocessing,filesendingandreceiving,electronicdocumentmanagement,officeschedulemanagement,personnelmanagement,financialstatistics,reportprocessing,personaldatabases,etc.Thesecommonlyusedofficetransactionprocessingapplicationscanbemadeintoapplicationsoftwarepackages,anddifferentapplicationsinthepackagecancalleachotherorsharedata,soastoimprovetheefficiencyofofficetransactionprocessing.Thiskindofofficetransactionprocessingsoftwarepackageshouldbeuniversalinordertoexpandthescopeofapplicationandincreaseitsutilizationvalue.Inaddition,avarietyofOAsubsystemscanbeusedattheofficetransactionprocessinglevel,suchaselectronicpublishingsystems,electronicdocumentmanagementsystems,intelligentChineseretrievalsystems(suchasfull-textretrievalsystems),opticalChinesecharacterrecognitionsystems,andChinesespeechrecognitionsystems.Inthepublicserviceindustry,companiesandotherbusinessoperations,theuseofcomputerstoreplacemanualprocessingisincreasing,suchasticketbooking,ticketsalessystems,counterorwindowsystems,andsavingsbusinesssystemsinthebankingindustry.ThefunctionsofbusinessorbusinessOAsystemsaretodealwithdailyofficeoperationsandaredirectlyorientedtoofficeworkers.Inordertoimproveofficeefficiency,improveofficequality,andadapttopeople'sofficehabits,itisnecessarytoprovideagoodofficeoperatingenvironment.
Thesecondlevel
TheinformationmanagementOAsystemisthesecondlevel.Withtheincreasingimportanceofinformationutilization,thedemandforcomprehensiveinformationthatiscloselyrelatedtotheoperationgoalsoftheunitintheofficesystemisincreasing.Theinformationmanagementtypeofficesystemisanintegratedofficeinformationprocessingsystemthatcloselycombinesthetransactiontype(orbusinesstype)officesystemandtheintegratedinformation(database).Thecomprehensivedatabasestorestheinformationnecessaryforthedailyworkoftherelevantunit.Forexample,ingovernmentagencies,thiscomprehensiveinformationincludespolicies,decrees,regulations,andgovernmentinformationrelatedtoofficialdocumentsandlettersofhigher-levelgovernmentsandsubordinateagencies;thecomprehensivedatabaseofsomepublicserviceinstitutionsincludesallcomprehensiveinformationrelatedtoserviceitems;companiesThecomprehensivedatabaseofenterpriseunitsincludesindustrialandcommercialregulations,businessplans,markettrends,supplyandmarketingbusiness,inventorystatistics,userinformation,etc.Asamoderngovernmentagencyorenterpriseorinstitution,inordertooptimizedailyworkandimproveofficeefficiencyandquality,itmusthavethiscomprehensivedatabasesharedbyalldepartmentsoftheunit.Thisdatabaseisbuiltonthebasisofthetransaction-levelOAsystemandconstitutesaninformationmanagementOAsystem.
Thethirdlevel
ThedecisionsupportOAsystemisthethirdlevel.ItisbasedontheinformationmanagementlevelOAsystem.Itusestheinformationprovidedbythecomprehensivedatabasesystemtoconstructorselectadecisiondigitalmodelforthetopicsthatneedtomakeadecision.Combiningtherelevantinternalandexternalconditions,thecomputerexecutesthedecisionprogramandmakesthecorrespondingdecision.Withthematurityofthethreecorepillartechnologies:networkcommunicationtechnology,computertechnologyanddatabasetechnology,OAintheworldhasenteredanewlevel,andthesystemhasfournewcharacteristicsinthenewlevel:
⑴Integration.Theintegrationofsoftware,hardwareandnetworkproducts,theintegrationofpeopleandsystems,andtheintegrationofasingleofficesystemwiththepublicinformationsystemforma"seamlesslyintegrated"opensystem.
⑵Intelligent.Facingdailyaffairsprocessing,assistingpeopletocompleteintelligenttasks,suchas:Chinesecharacterrecognition,understandingandin-depthprocessingofthecontentofofficialdocuments,assistingdecision-makingandhandlingaccidents,etc.
3Multimedia.Includingthecomprehensiveprocessingofnumbers,text,images,soundsandanimations.
⑷Useelectronicdatainterchange(EDI).Throughthedatacommunicationnetwork,exchangeandautomaticprocessingbetweencomputers.
ThislevelincludesinformationmanagementOAsystemsanddecision-makingOAsystems.ExampleThetransaction-levelOAsystemiscalledtheordinaryofficeautomationsystem,andtheinformationmanagement-levelOAsystemandthedecisionsupport-levelOAsystemarecalledtheadvancedofficeautomationsystem.Forexample,theofficeofthecitygovernment,inessence,regularlyorirregularlycollectvariousdocumentssubmittedbythedistrict,countygovernmentandotheragencies,andthenstoretheminfilesandsubmitthemtotherelevantleadersforreadingandprocessing,andthenreviewthedocumentsafterreview.Thefilesarekeptinasafeplaceforfuturereference.Theleadermakesadecisionafterstudyingvariousdocuments,andusuallytakestheformofadocumenttoreturntheprocessinginstructionstothelowerlevel.Thisprocessisatypicalofficeprocess.Inthisprocess,thefileitselfisinformation,anditstransmissionistheinformationtransmissionprocess.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatwhenaleaderanalyzesandmakesdecisions,hemayhavetolookthroughandsearchformanyrelevantmaterials,andmakedecisionsbasedonresearch.Therefore,relevantinformationinquiry,analysis,anddecisionmakingarealsopartoftheprocessofinformationprocessing.
Systemsecuritystrategy
Officeautomationcanbesaidtobeaninevitableproductofthecontinuousdevelopmentandintegrationofnetworkcommunicationtechnologyandmodernoffice.Itsexistenceandapplicationcanmakepeople'sproductionmanagementmoreconvenient.However,withthecontinuousdevelopmentandpopularizationofdomesticofficeautomationsystems,thesecurityrisksinthemhavebecomemoreandmoreprominent.TheuniquedevelopmentmodeandcommunicationcapabilitiesofthecomputerInternetalsofundamentallydeterminethatsecurityrisksareunavoidable.However,inordertoensurethehealthydevelopmentofofficeautomation,wemustfullyunderstandthesecurityproblemsfacedbyofficeautomationundertheInternet,andfindouttherootcausesoftheproblems,andthentakeeffectivecountermeasurestoeliminateandpreventofficesecurityriskstothegreatestextent.
1.Furtherimproverelevantlawsandregulations
Inordertoensuretheinformationsecurityofmobilecomputernetworkofficeautomation,weshouldfirstcombinethecurrentdevelopmentofcomputernetworkofficeautomationinChinaandItisnecessarytoestablishandimproveacomputernetworklegalsupervisionsystemsuitableformycountry’snationalconditions.Firstofall,weshouldformulateregulationsforthesupervisionofinformationsecurityinthevirtualsociety,focusingontheestablishmentofpenaltiesfornetworktheft,networkfraud,illegalintrusion,etc.,andstrictlyimplementthem,andallviolationsofthelawmustbeinvestigated.Secondly,tolegislateonnetworkinformation,andsetupaspecialsupervisorydepartmenttoconductinformationmanagementinaccordancewiththelaw,soastoprovideareliableguaranteesystemforthesafetyofcomputernetworkinformation,andcomprehensivelyenhancethemajestyofthelawanditsdeterrenteffectoncriminals.
2.Strengthennetworksecuritywarning
Thecurrentofficeautomationnetworksecuritywarningsystemmainlyincludestwoparts:intrusionwarningandviruswarning.Intheintrusionearlywarningsystem,itcananalyzeanddeterminewhethertheinformationdatatransmittedinthenetworkisauthorizedbydetectingintrusioninformation.Onceitisdeterminedasintrusioninformation,itwillissueawarningtoreduceillegalintrusiontotheofficesystem.Thesafetyhazardcaused.Thevirusearlywarningsystemistoensurethatallfilesenteringandleavingthenetworkaremonitored24hoursadaybyuninterruptedandcontinuousscanningofinformationpacketsenteringandleavingthenetwork.Onceavirusisfound,itwillimmediatelyreporttothepoliceandnotifytheuseroradministratorforpreventivetreatment.;Atthesametime,itcanalsotrackthesourceofthevirusthroughIPaddresslocationandportlocation,andgeneraterelatedscanlogsandreports,andimplementtraceabilityrecordsofallvirusactivitiesinthenetwork,therebyfurtherimprovingthenetwork’santi-virusEarlywarningandpreventioncapabilities.
3.Datasecurityprotection
(1)Inresponsetodatasecuritythreatscausedbyintrusion,wecanstrengthentheconstructionofthedatabasetoensureitsphysicalintegrity,Dataelementintegrityandlogicalintegritytoimprovedatasecurityprotectioncapabilities.
(2)Regardingthethreatsbroughtbydisastersandvirusestodatasecurity,themosteffectiveprotectionmethodistostrengthenphysicalprotectionanddatabackup.
4.Intrusionpreventionandintegratedvirusprevention
(1)Inordertopreventnetworkintrusionscientificallyandeffectively,andensurethenetworksecurityofofficeautomation,Intheprocessofbuildinganautomatedsystem,theinternalandexternalnetworksshouldbeisolatedandaccesscontrolshouldbestrengthened.Atthesametime,internalnetworkisolationandsegmentmanagementshouldbehandledaccordingly.
(2)Relativelyspeaking,thepreventionandcontrolofnetworkvirusesismoredifficultthanstand-alonevirusprevention.Thepreventionandcontrolofnetworkvirusesmustbeeffectivelycombinedwithnetworkmanagement.Themostimportantfeatureisthenetworkmanagementfunction.Intheprocessofviruspreventionandcontrol,itisdifficulttoachievethepurposeofviruspreventionandcontrolifthemanagementfunctionisignored.Commonlyusedmeasuresmainlyincludefirewalltechnology,anti-virussoftware,securityprotectionsoftware,regularinspectionsbytechnicians,regularsystemupgrades,andsoon.
5.Databackupandrecovery
Intheofficeautomationsystemsecurityprotection,databackupandrecoveryisalsoanextremelyimportantmeasure.Whenthesystemisillegallyinvadedanddamagedbyviruses,wecanrestoredatathroughdatabackuptoensuretheintegrityofdatainformation.Themethodsoftenusedfordatabackupcanbesubdividedintoautomaticsystembackupandexternalbackup.Inthedailysecuritymanagementoftheofficeautomationsystem,weshouldusetwobackupmethodsatthesametimetoensurethatthefullrecoverycanbeimplementedassoonaspossibleafterthedataisdamaged,andtoprovideadoubleguaranteeforthedatasecurityoftheofficeautomationsystem.
Developmenttrend
Withthecontinuousadvancementofvarioustechnologies,thefuturedevelopmenttrendofofficeautomationwillreflectthefollowingcharacteristics.
1.Officeinformationdigitizationandmultimedia
Inofficeactivities,peoplemainlyusecomputerstoprocessinformation.Theinformationprocessedbycomputersisalldigitalinformation,andalotofinformationisprocessedintodigitalmethodsandstoredandprocessedlikethisIt'smoreconvenient.
Atthesametime,withtheapplicationofmultimediatechnologyandvirtualrealitytechnology,themeansandcontentofinformationprocessinghavebecomemoreabundant,sothatvariousinformationformssuchasdata,text,graphics,images,audioandvideocanbeusedComputerprocessingismoreadaptableandpowerfullysupportsthewaypeopleobtainandprocessinformationinavarietyofwayssuchassight,hearing,touch,taste,andsmell.
2.Theofficeenvironmentisnetworkedandinternationalized
Inpeople’sdailylives,theapplicationoftheInternethaschangedpeople’slifestylesandwaysofworking.AcompleteofficeautomationsystemcandomoreThiskindofofficeequipmentisconnectedintoanofficeLAN,andthenconnectedtoawide-areaofficenetworkthroughapubliccommunicationnetworkoraprivatenetwork,especiallythedevelopmentandpopularizationoftheInternetnetwork,whichcanbeconnectedtoanycorneroftheearththroughtheInternetnetwork,soastorealizethehigh-speeddisseminationofinformation.Itcanspantimeandspace,especiallyintheofficecontactwithforeigncountries,itisveryconvenientandwidelyused.
3.Officeoperationsarepaperless,unmanned,andsimplified
Duetothedigitizationofinformationprocessedbycomputers,andthenetworkingoftheofficeenvironment,continuousoperationsacrossdepartmentseliminatetheneedfortraditionalpaper-baseddelivery.Way.Adopting"paperlessoffice",ontheonehand,cansavepaper;ontheotherhand,itisfastandaccurate,whichfacilitatestheeditingandreuseofdocuments.Itisverysuitablefortheofficeneedsofe-commerceande-government.
Forsomeworkplacesthatrequire24-houroffice,relativelystableofficeprocessesandworkcontent,boringwork,fatigue,error-prone,andheavylabor,unattendedofficecanbeused.Suchasautomaticdepositandwithdrawalmachinebanking,nightfaxandautomatice-mailsendingandreceiving,etc.
Duetotherapiddevelopmentofcomputersystems,relatedofficesoftwarehasbecomeverymature,andtheoperationinterfaceismoreintuitive,makingiteasierforpeopletooperate,use,maintainandrepairinofficeactivities.
4.Officebusinessintegration
Intheearlyofficeactivities,mostofthecomputersystemsrunonastand-alonecomputer,oreachdepartmentdevelopsitsownapplicationsystem.Inthiscase,becausethesoftwareandhardwareusedmaycomefrommultiplemanufacturers,thesoftwarefunctions,datastructures,interfaces,etc.willalsobedifferent.Withthedevelopmentofbusinessandtheexchangeofinformation,people'srequirementsforofficebusinessintegrationwillbecomehigherandhigher.Officebusinessintegrationincludes:oneistheintegrationofequipment,thatis,therealizationofdatatransmissionandprocessingunderheterogeneoussystems,whichisthebasisofofficesystemintegration;theotheristheintegrationofapplications,thatis,therealizationofvariousapplicationsrunninginthesameenvironment;Thethirdisdataintegration,whichnotonlyincludesmutualexchangeofdata,butalsorealizesdatainteroperabilityandsolvestheheterogeneousproblemsofdatasemanticsinordertotrulyrealizedatasharing.