Introduction
Finishedproductsrefertothefactthatthecompanyhascompletedalltheproductionprocessesandhasbeencheckedintothewarehousetomeetthestandardspecificationsandtechnicalconditions.Itcanbedeliveredtotheorderingunitinaccordancewiththeconditionsstipulatedinthecontract,orcanbeusedasAproductthatissoldexternally.
Finishedproductcost:
Finishedproductisthepartoftheproductioncostallocatedtothecompletedproduct,thatis,thepartoftheproduct(includingsemi-finishedproduct)deducted.
Finishedproductaudit
I.Thesignificanceoffinishedproductaudit
FinishedproductreferstotheenterprisethathascompletedallproductionprocessesThestandardspecificationsandtechnicalconditionscanbedeliveredtotheorderingunitinaccordancewiththeconditionsstipulatedinthecontract,orcanbeusedasaproductforexternalsales.Theenterpriseacceptsthesubstituteproductsprocessedbytheforeignrawmaterialsandtherepairedproductswhichareprocessedandrepaired.Afterthemanufacturingandrepairarecompletedandcheckedintothewarehouse,theyareregardedastheenterprise'sfinishedproductaccounting.
(1)Contentsofthefinishedproductaudit
Theauditofthefinishedproductoftheenterprisemainlyincludesthereceiptanddeliveryofvouchers,accounts,physicalobjectsandmanagementsystemofthefinishedproductConductauditstofindoutwhetherthedeliveryoffinishedproductsisreal,whethertherearefalsereceiptsandpayments,fraud,corruption,andtheft,whetheraccounts,accountcardsandaccountsareconsistent,whetherthereisasluggishbacklog,andwhethermanagementistight.
(2)Thepurposeofauditingfinishedproducts
Theaccount,theaccountcardandtheactualaccountareconsistent:toencourageenterprisestostorethefinishedproductsreasonably,minimizethesluggishbacklog,andkeepthefinishedproductsingoodcondition.
(3)Thecharacteristicsoffinishedproductaudit
Mostindustrialenterpriseshavethecharacteristicsofawiderangeofproductspecifications,largestoragecapacity,andfrequentturnover.Althoughsomecompaniesdonothavemanyproductvarieties,theyalsofrequentlysendandreceiveservicesbecausetheyareorientedtowardconsumers.Therefore,itisgenerallyimpossibletoconductacomprehensiveanddetailedreviewofthecompany'sfinishedproducts.Startingfromtheactualsituation,themethodofsendingandcheckingthefinishedproductsfromthephysicalinventorytothefinishedproductdetailaccount,andreceivingtheissuedvouchersfromthewarehousinginspection,ismoreeffective.
Second,thekeypointsoftheauditoffinishedproducts
Inadditiontotheabove-mentionedcontent,theauditofthefinishedproductsoftheenterprisemustalsocheckthephysicalproducts,accountsandSendandreceivevouchersforkeyreview.
(1)Physicalauditoffinishedproducts
Throughon-siteinventoryandspotcheckverification,determinetheactualinventoryofvariousfinishedproducts;Checkthebookbalanceofthedetailedaccounttofindoutwhetherthefinishedproducthasashortlossorasurplus:whatarethereasonsfortheshortlossandsurplus,whetherthereisasluggishbacklog,mildewanddeterioration;whetherthereisaproductthatneedstoberepairedorscrapped;whetherthereiscorruption,theftorcustodyWaitingforrelevantpersonneltoguardandsteal,etc.;thusputforwardtargetedimprovementsuggestions.
(2)Reviewoffinishedproductaccounts
Becauseofthelargenumberoffinishedproductsproducedbyindustrialenterprises,itisimpossibletoreviewalloftheminashortperiodoftime.Inadditiontocheckingtheannualaccountsforthevarietiesfoundinthephysicalspotcheck,householdscangenerallyusetheprincipleofstatisticalsamplingtorandomlychecktheaccountsfromJanuarytoNovemberfor1-2months,andfocusontheaccountsinDecember.Thefocusoftheauditoffinishedproductaccountsisfirsttofindoutthattheaccountsaresetupproperly;secondly,tofindoutwhethertheaccountsareconsistent,andtocalculatethenon-conformityrate[1],tofindoutthereasonsforthenon-conformities,andtofindouttheaccountingpersonnel.Doyougotothewarehouseforregularauditsandsortoutthereceiptsandreceipts?Finally,youshouldcheckwhethertheaccountingtreatmentofthereceipt,delivery,andstorageofthefinishedproductiscorrect.
[1]Note:Thenon-conformityrateofaccountscanuseformulas,thenon-conformancerateofaccounts(%)=thetypesofnon-conformingaccounts÷numberofrandom-checkedtypes×100%.
(3)Reviewofthereceiptanddeliveryofthefinishedproduct
Themaincheckiswhethertheworkshophasfilledinthedeliverytothewarehouseaccordingtothefactswhenthefinishedproductiscompleted.Whetherthequalityinspectiondepartmenthasinspectedthefinishedproductandissuedaninspectionnotice;whethertherelevantdepartmentandthehandlerfillinthemulti-partinspectionreceiptwhenenteringthewarehouse;whetherthefinishedproductsalesareissuedinaccordancewiththecontract.Thefinishedproductsoutofthewarehouselistandsoon.Thepurposeofensuringthesafety,integrity,qualityandquantityofthefinishedproductisachievedbyreviewingthereceiptanddeliveryofthefinishedproduct.
Classificationmethod
Includes:1.Donotcalculatethecostofworkinprogress;2.Usethecostofworkinprogressatthebeginningoftheyear;3.Equivalentoutputmethod;4.Workinprogressisallocatedaccordingtothefixedamount;5.,Allocatethecostaccordingtothefixedproportion.Usuallyusedistheequivalentoutputmethodofdistribution,thatis,theproductinprogressisconvertedintothecorrespondingquantityoffinishedproductsaccordingtothedegreeofcompletionoftheproject.
Accountingnature
"Finishedproducts"isanasset-typeaccount,whichisusedtocalculatetheactualcostofvariousfinishedproductsinthecompany'sinventory.Forthedebit,registertheactualcostofthefinishedproductthathasbeencheckedintothewarehouse;theactualcostofthefinishedproductregisteredandissuedbythecredit;andtheendingbalanceofthedebitreflectstheactualcostofthefinishedproductinthecompany'sinventory.Thefinishedproductsthatarestoredinthestoredepartmentoftheenterprisetobesold,thefinishedproductsexhibitedincustomsexhibitions,andthefinishedproductsthathavebeensentbuthavenotyetgonethroughthecollectionproceduresstillbelongtotheaccountingscopeoftheenterprise'sfinishedproducts.Generally,aseparateaccountshouldbesetupforaccounting.
Accountingtreatment
1)Thereceipt,delivery,andstorageoffinishedproductsarepricedatactualcost.Finishedproduct——××productloan:productioncost—basicproduction
Whenfinishedproductisissued:Borrow:productsalescostloan:finishedproduct——××product
2)installmentAccountingtreatmentforreceivingpaymentandsendingoutfinishedproducts
Whensendingoutfinishedproducts:Borrow:Instalmenttosendoutcommodityloans:Finishedproducts——××products
3)Thefinishedproductsareputintothewarehouse,Then:Borrow:finishedproduct——××productloan:productioncost——basicproduction
1.Thebasicaccountoffinishedproductaccounting.Finishedproductreferstothecompletionofallproductionprocesses,whichcanbestipulatedinthecontractTheconditionsaresenttotheorderingunit,oritcanbeusedasaproductforexternalsalesandexperienceincome.
1)"FinishedProducts"account.Itisusedtocalculatetheincome,issuanceandbalanceoffinishedproducts,andadetailedaccountissetupaccordingtothetypes,varietiesandspecificationsoffinishedproducts.Thedebitoftheaccountregisterstheactualcostorplannedcostoftheproductinthewarehouse,andthecreditregisterstheactualcostorplannedcostofthefinishedproduct;theendingbalanceinthedebitrepresentstheactualcostorplannedcostofthefinishedproductinstock.
2)"Productioncost"account.Itisusedtocalculatethedifferencebetweentheactualcostofthefinishedproductandtheplannedcost,andadetailedaccountissetupaccordingtothetype,varietyandspecificationofthefinishedproduct.Thedebitsideoftheaccountregisterstheoverspendingdifference,andthecreditsideregistersthedifferenceinsavings;thebalanceisonthecreditside,whichmeansthetotalamountofthedifferenceinsavings,andifthebalanceisonthedebitside,itmeansthetotalamountofthedifferenceinoverspending.
3)"Instalmentcollectionanddeliveryofgoods"account.Thisaccountcalculatestheactualcostofthefinishedproductissuedbytheinstallmentsalesmethod,andsetsupasubsidiaryaccountaccordingtothesalesobject.Thedebitoftheaccountregisterstheactualcostofthefinishedproduct,andthecreditregistersthecostofsalesthatshouldbecarriedforward;theendingbalanceonthedebitindicatestheactualcostofthegoodsthathavenotbeenpaidfor.
2.Accountingtreatmentoffinishedproducts
1)Thereceipt,delivery,andstorageoffinishedproductsarepricedattheactualcostoftheaccountingoffice
IncomingfinishedproductsWarehousetime:
borrow:finishedproduct——××product
loan:productioncost——basicproduction
whenfinishedproductisdispatched:
Borrow:costofproductsales
Loan:finishedproduct——××product
2)Accountingtreatmentoffinishedproductissuedbyinstallmentcollection
Whensendingoutfinishedproducts:
Borrow:sendoutgoodsininstallments
Loan:finishedproducts——××products
3)Receivingandsendingfinishedproducts,Depositaccountingtreatmentpricedatplannedcost
Whenthereisadifferenceinsavings.Whentheproductisfinishedandputintostorage,then:
borrow:finishedproduct——××product
loan:productioncost——basicproduction
productcostdifference
p>Thecostofsalesiscarriedforwardaftertheproductissold,then:
borrow:productsalescost
productcostdifference
credit:finishedproduct——××Products
Whenthereisanoverspendingdifference.Thefinishedproductischeckedintothelibrary,then:
borrow:finishedproduct——××product
productcostdifference
loan:productioncost——basicproduction
Afterthefinishedproductissold,thecostofsalesiscarriedforward,then:
borrow:productsalescost
loan:finishedproduct——××product
Productcostdifference
Accountingcontent
The"finishedproducts"accountisanassetaccount,whichcalculatestheactualcostofvariousfinishedproductsinthecompany'sinventory.
1.Theenterpriseacceptsthesubstituteproductsprocessedandmanufacturedbyforeignrawmaterialsandthesubstituterepairproductsprocessedandrepairedfortheoutsideunit."Accountaccounting.
2.Substandardproductsthatcanbesoldatareducedpricearealsoaccountedforinthe"finishedproducts"account,buttheyshouldbeaccountedforseparatelyfromqualifiedproducts.
3.Thefinishedproductsininventorythathavebeencompletedbutthepurchaserhasnotwithdrawnattheendofthemonthshallbetreatedasescrowproducts,andaseparatereferencebookforescrowproductsshallbesetupandshallnotbeaccountedforinthe"finishedproducts"account.
4.Debitthe"FinishedProduct"accountandcreditthe"GenerationCost"accountforthefinishedproductsthathavebeenproducedandcheckedintothewarehouse.
5.Fortheinventoryprofitoffinishedproductsfoundintheinventory,debitthe"finishedproducts"accountandcreditthe"propertylossandoverflowtobeprocessed"account.
6.Finishedproductssoldininstallmentsshouldbedebitedtotheaccountof"Productsissuedininstallments"andcreditedtotheaccountof"FinishedProducts"afterdelivery.
7.Forfinishedproductssoldbyothersettlementmethods,whenthecostiscarriedforward,the"finishedproductsalescost"accountisdebitedandthe"finishedproduct"accountiscredited.
8.Fortheinventorylossanddestructionoffinishedproductsfoundintheinventory,debitthe"PendingPropertyLossandOverflow"accountandcreditthe"FinishedProducts"account.
9.Ifthefinishedproductsinthewarehousearefoundtoberepaired,the"productioncost"accountshallbedebited,andthe"finishedproduct"accountshallbecredited.
Taxevasionissues
Taxevasionissuesarisingfromthetransferof"finishedproducts"accounts
1.Salesproductsarerecordedinthe"AccountsReceivable"account,andthe"FinishedProducts"accountisnotusedforsalesprocessingandnooutputtaxiswithdrawn;
2.Salesproductsarecreditedtothe"otherreceivables"account,andthe"finishedproducts"accountisnotprocessedforsalesandnooutputtaxiswithdrawn;
3.Salesproductsarecreditedtothe"AccountsPayable"account,andthe"FinishedProducts"accountisnotusedforsalesprocessingandnooutputtaxiswithdrawn;
4.Theproductisusedtooffsetthearrearsandcreditittothe"AccountsPayable"account,tooffsetthe"FinishedProducts"accountthathasnotbeenprocessedforsalesandthetaxonoutputitemshasnotbeenwithdrawn;
5.Salesofproductsarecreditedtothe"otherpayables"account,tooffsetthe"finishedproducts"accountthathasnotbeenprocessedforsalesandnooutputtaxhasbeenwithdrawn;
6.Dividends,bonuses,accountsaredistributedbyproducts,andtheaccountsof"finishedproducts"areusedtooffsetthesalesprocessandthetaxonoutputitemshasnotbeenwithdrawn;
7.Theproductissoldbythecollectionandacceptancesettlementmethod,theproducthasbeensentoutandthecollectionprocedureshavebeencompleted,thesalehasnotbeenprocessed,andtheoutputtaxhasnotbeenwithdrawn;
8.Theproductissoldbyentrustingthebanktocollectandsettletheproduct,theproducthasbeensentoutandthecollectionprocedureshavebeencompleted,thesalehasnotbeenprocessed,andtheoutputtaxhasnotbeenwithdrawn;
9.Entrustedotherunitstosellproductsonacommissionbasis,butreceivedthelistofsoldproductsbutdidnotdealwiththesales,anddidnotwithdrawthesalestax;
10.Usedirectpaymentmethodtosellproducts,obtainsalesreceipts,nosalesprocessing,nosalestax;
11.Theproductsweretransferredtoothercounty(city)institutionsforunifiedaccountingforsales,andnosalesprocessingwasmade,andnooutputtaxwaswithdrawn.
Accountaudit
Inspectionofthe"FinishedProducts"account
Theinspectionofthe"FinishedProducts"accountismainlytochecktheThecreditoftheaccountisthedestinationofthefinishedproductoutofthewarehouse.Accountingforproductssoldbyenterprises,whenobtainingproductsalesincome,debitaccountssuchas"cash","bankdeposits","accountsreceivable",and"notesreceivable";credits"productsalesincome"and"taxpayables"----Value-addedtaxpayable(outputtax)"account;whencarryingforwardthecostofproductssold,debitthe"productsalesrevenue"accountandcreditthe"finishedproducts"account.Thecostofproductsalescarriedforwardisgenerallycarriedforwardattheendofthemonth.Inadditiontothecostoftheproductsold,ifthe"finishedproduct"accounthasacreditamount,theaccountingvouchersandoriginalvouchersshallbereviewedonacase-by-casebasis.Ifthecorrespondingaccountisamonetarycapitalaccount,inventorySuchaccountsandsettlementcurrentaccountsareallabnormalphenomena,andshouldbefurthercheckedtoseeiftheyconcealsalesincomeandevadetaxes.
1.Thecompany’ssalesofproductsarerecordedinthe"AccountsReceivable"account,withoutsalesprocessing,andtheauditoftheoutputtaxamountisnotwithdrawn
Whenthecompanysellsproductswithoutreceivingthepayment,the"AccountsReceivable"isdebited"Account,creditedtothe"productsalesincome","taxpayable-value-addedtaxpayable(outputtax)"account.Ifthecompanysellsproductswithoutreceivingpayment,debitsthe"AccountsReceivable"accountandcreditsthe"FinishedProducts"account,thistreatmentiswrong.Oneisthattheproductssoldarenotprocessedforsale;theotheristhattheyarenotaccountedfor.Withdrawthetaxonoutputitems.
2.Thecompany’ssalesofproductsarerecordedinthe"otherreceivables"account,andnosalesprocessingismade,andtheoutputtaxisnotwithdrawn.
Whenthecompanysellsproductswithoutreceivingthepayment,the"accountsreceivable"isdebited"Account,creditedtothe"productsalesincome","taxpayable-value-addedtaxpayable(outputtax)"account.Ifthecompanysellsproductswithoutreceivingpayment,debitsthe"otherreceivables"accountandcreditsthe"finishedproducts"account,whichiswrong.Thefirsterroristhattheproductsoldhasnotbeenprocessedforsale;theotheristhatithasnotbeenmentioned.Outputtax.
3.Thecompany’ssalesproductsarecreditedtothe"AccountsPayable"account,andnosalesareprocessed,andtheoutputtaxisnotwithdrawn.
Thecompanysalesproductsaredebitedtothe"AccountsPayable"accountandcreditedtothe"FinishedProducts"account.Theaccountiswronginthisway.Thefirsterroristhattheproductsoldisnotprocessedforsale;theotheristhattheoutputtaxisnotwithdrawn.
4.Thecompanyusesproductstooffsetthearrearsandcreditsittothe"AccountsPayable"account,withoutsalesprocessing,andnoauditofthetaxamountofthemusicsection.
Thecompanyusesitsownproductstooffsetthearrears,accordingtoregulationsItshallbeprocessedforsales,andtheoutputtaxshallbewithdrawnandthevalue-addedtaxshallbepaid.However,whensomecompaniesusetheirownproductstopayoffthearrears,theydonotdealwithsales.Instead,theydebitthe"accountspayable"accountandcreditthe"finishedproducts"account.Thisprocessingiswrong.Oneoftheerrorsissellingproducts.Nosalestreatment;second,nooutputtaxwasaccrued.
5.Thecompany’ssalesproductsarecreditedtothe"otherpayables"account,andnosalesareprocessed,andthesalesamountisnotwithdrawn.
Thecompany’ssalesproductsaredebitedfromthe"otherpayables"accountandcreditedtothe"finishedproducts"Account,thistreatmentisnotcorrect,thefirsterrorissalesprocessing;theotheristhefailuretowithdrawtheoutputtax.
6.Thecompany’sproductdistributionofdividendsandbonuseshasnotbeenprocessedforsales,andthetaxonoutputitemshasnotbeenwithdrawn.
Thecompanyreceivesself-madeproductsanddistributesthemtoshareholdersorinvestorsasdividendsorbonuses.Accordingtoregulations,theyshouldbeprocessedforsales.PayVAT.However,somecompaniesdonotdealwithsales,directlyoffsettingthefinishedproducts,andevadingtaxeswithoutraisingtheoutputtax.
7.Forproductssoldbythecollectionandacceptancesettlementmethod,theproducthasbeensentoutandthecollectionprocedureshavebeencompleted,butthesalesprocesshasnotbeenprocessed,andtheoutputtaxhasnotbeenwithdrawn.
Theenterprisesellsgoodsbythecollectionandacceptancesettlementmethod.AccordingtothesecondparagraphofArticle33ofthe"ImplementationRulesoftheProvisionalRegulationsonValueAddedTax":"Thetimewhenthetaxliabilityforsalesofgoodsortaxableservicesoccursisthedaywhenthegoodsaredispatchedandthecollectionproceduresarecompleted."Butthecompany'sproductshavebeendispatched.Andthecollectionprocedureshavebeencompleted,nosalesprocessing,andnotaxevasionduetooutputtax.
8.Forproductssoldthroughentrustedbankcollectionandsettlementmethods,theproductshavebeensentoutandthecollectionprocedureshavebeencompleted,nosalesprocessinghasbeenmade,andnooutputtaxaudithasbeenwithdrawn.
9.Forproductsthatareentrustedtootherunitstobesoldonaconsignmentbasis,thelistofproductssoldbytheconsignmentunithasnotbeenprocessedforsales,andtheoutputtaxamounthasnotbeenwithdrawn.
Thecompanyentrustsothertaxpayerstosellgoodsonaconsignmentbasis.Article33,Paragraph5ofthe“ImplementationRulesoftheInterimRegulationsonTaxation”stipulates:“Entrustothertaxpayerstosellgoodsonacommissionbasisonthedayofreceiptoftheconsignmentsaleslistsoldbytheconsignmentagency."
10.Salesofproductsintheformofpayment,obtainingsalesreceipts,nosalesprocessing,nooutputtaxaudit
Thecompanysellsproductsbydirectpayment,andthetimewhenthetaxliabilityoccursisinaccordancewiththe"InterimValue-AddedTax"ThefirstparagraphofArticle33oftheImplementingRegulationsstipulatesthat:"Saleofgoodsbymeansofdirectpayment,regardlessofwhetherthegoodsaredeliveredornot,istoreceivethesalesamountorobtaintheevidencetoobtainthesalesamount,andhandthebillofladingtothebuyer.Thatday."
11.Inspectionofthetransferofproductstoothercounty(city)institutionsforunifiedaccountingforsales,nosalesprocessing,andnowithdrawalofoutputtax
AccordingtoArticle4ofthe"ImplementationRulesoftheProvisionalRegulationsonValueAddedTax"Thethirdparagraphstipulatesthat"ataxpayerwhohastwoormoreinstitutionsandimplementsunifiedaccountingtransfersgoodsfromoneinstitutiontoanotherinstitutionforsales,exceptforthosewithrelatedinstitutionslocatedinthesamecounty(city)",whichshallberegardedassalesProcessingandpaymentofvalue-addedtax.
Discussionontheevaluationmethodoffinishedproducts
Author:ShiYongtao...Articlesource:ChinaAssetsAppraisalHits:164Updatetime:2007-9-219:26:45
Intheactualassetevaluationwork,theevaluationofthevalueofthefinishedproductisgenerallyonlyencounteredintheoverallassetevaluationoftheenterprise.Inmostcases,thevalueoffinishedproductsdoesnotaccountforalargeproportionofthetotalassetsoftheenterprise,soithasnotreceiveddueattention.Evenmanyappraisersusethebookvalueoffinishedproductstodeterminetheirappraisalvalue.In1996,"AssetEvaluationOperationSpecificationOpinions(forTrialImplementation)",althoughtheevaluationoffinishedproductswasstandardized,therearestillsomeproblemsworthyofdiscussionintheimplementation.
Confirmationofthetypeofappraisedvalueoffinishedproducts
Accordingtotheprovisionsof"AssetAppraisalStandards-BasicStandards",registeredassetsWhentheappraiserperformstheassetappraisalbusiness,heshouldselecttheappropriatevaluetypebasedontheappraisalpurposeandotherrelevantconditions,andclearlydefinethevaluetype.Whentheregisteredassetappraiserisperformingtheoverallvalueassessmentbusinessoftheenterprise,iftheappraisedvaluetypeoftheentireenterpriseisdefinedas"marketvalue",theappraisedvaluetypeofthefinishedproductshouldnaturallyalsobedefinedasthemarketvalue.Butinfact,theappraisedvalueofthefinishedproductisdifferentfromtheso-calledvalueofdirecttransactionsontheopenmarket,but"thepriceoftheseller’sequityofthefinishedproduct."Forexample,whenthepurposeoftheassessmentistheoveralltransferoftheenterprise,whetheritisonthesideofthepurchasingenterpriseorthetransferor-theproducerofthefinishedproduct,therealizationofthevalueofthefinishedproductwillfacethesalesexpensesandtaxesthatmustbeincurred.Andotherexpenditures.Thisfeaturedistinguishesfinishedproductsfromotherinventoriesofthecompany,suchaslow-valueconsumablesandrawmaterialsinusethatdonotrequireadditionaltaxesandsalesexpenses.Therefore,theassessedvalueofthefinishedproductmustnotonlyconformtothecharacteristicsofmarkettransactions,butalsomusthavethefairnesscharacteristicsthattakeintoaccountthedeductionofsalesexpensesandtaxes.
Taxplanning
Taxplanningforfinishedproducts
"Finishedproductdetails"aregenerallybasedonproducttype,nameorSetupasetofdetailedaccountswithbothquantityandamountatthestoragelocation.Thedebitofthisaccountreflectsthefinishedproductinspectionreceiptsandothertransfer-inamounts,whichcorrespondtoaccountssuchas"BasicProduction"and"PendingPropertyInventory".Thecreditorreflectsthecarry-oversalescostandothertransfer-outamounts,whichcorrespondtoaccountssuchasthependingpropertylossesofthegoodssold.Thebalanceisonthedebitside,reflectingtheactualnumberofproductsinstock.Whentheproductisputintostorage,fillinthe"finishedproductstorageslip",whichwillberegisteredintheaccountbytheaccountingdepartmentandthewarehouserespectively.Usuallythewarehouse"finishedproductstorageaccount"onlyreflectsthereceipts,paymentsanddepositsoftheproducts.Attheendofthemonth,theaccountingdepartmentcalculatestheactualcostofthefinishedproductsinthecurrentmonthaccordingtotheunitcostinthe"ProductCostCalculationSheet"ofthecurrentmonth,andregisterstheunitpriceandamountofthewarehouse.number.Debit:finishedproduct;credit:basicproduction.Whenproductsareissued,theunitcostoftheproductsissuedismultipliedbythenumberofproductstobeissuedtocalculatetheamountofproductsissuedaccordingtotheweightedaveragemethodorthefirst-infirst-outmethod.Thecostoftransferringtothemainbusiness.
Thetaxplanningof"finishedproducts"shouldfocuson"finishedproductsdetails",combinedwithproductdeliveryorders,outgoingorders,productcostcalculationtables,productinventorytables,andsalesinvoices.Waitforthevouchers,andanalyzeagainstthewarehouse"productreceiptandpaymentdepositandstorageaccount"tofindoutifthereareanymistakes,omissions,andamountsofproducts.
(1)Taxplanningforfinishedgoodsstorage
Thetaxationoffinishedgoodsstorageisdividedintotwoaspects:
(1)VerificationThequantityoftheproductinthewarehouseistoseewhetherthequantityinthewarehouseiscorrect,whetherthereisanyomission,under-recordingofthequantityinthewarehouse,orthefinishedproductisconvertedtooff-accountsubstances.Whenplanningfortaxcollection,firstcomparethe"ProductDeliveryList"withtheamountoffinishedproductspaidbytheproductionworkshop,andwhetherthebatchoffinishedproductsareallstoredinthewarehouse;then,the"ProductDetailsLedger"incomequantityiscomparedwiththe"ProductDeliveryList",Thenumberoffinishedproductsinthe"ProductCostCalculationSheet"andthewarehousestorageaccountarecheckedagainsteachothertoseeiftheproductquantitiesandgradesareconsistent,andwhetherthereisaproblemwiththenumberoftransfers.
(2)Verifythecostofthewarehousingproduct.Thecostofthefinishedproductshallbepricedattheactualcost,andtheestimatedcostshallnotbesubstitutedfortheactualcost.Ifthecompanyhasawidevarietyofproductsandcomplexspecifications,plannedcostscanalsobeusedfordailyaccounting,butaseparate"productcostdifference"accountmustbesetuptoreflectthedifferencebetweenplannedcostandactualcost.Normally,productstorageisaccountedforaccordingtotheplannedcost,andattheendofthemonth,theproductcostdifferenceiscarriedforwardaccordingtotheissuedproduct.However,somecompaniesneithercalculatethecostoftheproductsinprocess,northeactualcostofthefinishedproducts.Theplannedcostiscarriedoverfromthe"basicproduction"accounttothe"finishedproduct"accountwhenwarehousing.Whentheplannedcostistoohigh,itwillnotonlyaffecttheproduct'scostCostofsales,butalsomaymakethe"basicproduction"accountdeficit.Ifsuchproblemsarediscoveredintaxplanning,theenterpriseshouldbeinstructedtoadjust.
Thetaxplanningmethodisasfollows:
①Determinethedifferencebetweentheplannedcostandtheactualcost.
Onthebasisofverifyingthequantityofproductsattheendofthelastmonth,theactualcostoftheproductsattheendoftheperiodcanbecalculated,andthencomparedwiththeendofthe"basicproduction"account.Thedifferenceistheplannedcostoftheproductandtheactualcost.Thelong-termcumulativedifferenceincost.
②Determinetheamountofincomethatshouldbeadjusted.
Todeterminetheamountoflong-termcostofsalescarriedforwardbythecompanybasedonplannedcostsandlessprofittransferredcanbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula:
Differentialapportionmentrate=differenceamount÷(period-endproductplancostforthecurrentperiodTheplannedcostofgoodsissued)×100%
Theamountofdifferencethatshouldbeallocatedtotheplannedcostofthefinishedproductattheendoftheperiod=theplannedcostofthefinishedproductattheendoftheperiod×therateofdifference
Theamountofincomethatshouldbeadjusted=theamountofdifference—Theamountofdifferencethatshouldbeapportionedfortheplannedcostoftheproductattheendoftheperiod
Anothermethodistoverifytheactualunitcostofthefinishedproductinthelastmonthandcalculateitaccordingtothefollowingformula:
Theactualcostofthefinishedproductattheendoftheperiod=thenumberoffinishedproductsattheendoftheperiod×theactualunitcostofthefinishedproductthismonth
Theamountofdifferencethatshouldbeallocatedtotheplannedcostofthefinishedproductattheendoftheperiod=theplannedcostofthefinishedproductattheendoftheperiod-theactualcostofthefinishedproductattheendoftheperiod
Theamountofprofittobeadjusted=theamountofdifference—theamountofdifferencethatshouldbeallocatedtotheplannedcostofthefinishedproductattheendoftheperiod
Thismethodisrelativelysimpleandsuitableforcompanieswithrelativelybalancedproductsattheendofeachmonth.Andthecostoftheproductinprocessattheendoftheperiodcanbeneglected,buttheaccuracyispoor.
(2)Taxplanningforthedeliveryoffinishedproducts
Thedeliveryoffinishedproducts,whetherforsaleorpersonaluse,shouldbecarriedforwardthroughthesalesaccounttocarryforwardthecostofsales.Theunitcostofthefinishedproductshouldbecalculatedaccordingtotheweightedaveragemethodorthefirst-infirst-outmethod.Whenplanningfortaxation,attentionshouldbepaidtowhetherthereisareductioninsalesvolume,andanincreaseinsalescost.
Checkthecarry-oversaleswiththepaymentcolumnof"finishedproductdetails","productdeliveryorder","finishedproductissuancesummarytable","productsalesdetails","issuedgoods"details,etc.Quantity,andthencalculatewhethertheaverageunitcostofthefinishedproductisthesameorclosetotheaverageunitcostoftheproductbalanceattheendofthemonth.Ifthecostcarriedforwardistoohigh,thecorrectunitpriceofthesalescostshouldbecalculatedbytheweightedaveragemethodorthefirst-infirst-outmethodaccordingtotheamountofthe"finishedproductdetailedaccount",andthesalescostofthemulti-turnshouldbeadjusted.
(3)Taxplanningfortheendingbalanceoffinishedproducts
Thetaxplanningfortheendingbalanceoffinishedproductsmainlyexaminesthequantityandbalanceofthebalancecolumnofthe"finishedproductdetailaccount".Noabnormalphenomenon.
Taxplanningcanbedividedintotwoaspects:ontheonehand,firstverifythe"finishedproductinventorytable",andthencheckthe"inventorytable"withthewarehouse"custodialaccount".Baitiaodinginventorysituation.Then,checkthe"finishedproductdetailaccount"withthewarehouse"custodialaccount"or"finishedproductinventorytable";ontheotherhand,checktheaverageunitcostofthebalancecolumn,andcomparetheendingnumberwiththeopeningnumberandtheaverageunitcostofothermonths.Incomparison,ifthechangeislarge,thecalculationmethodoftheenterpriseshouldbeusedforreview.Ifthereisanabnormalsituationinthebalancecolumnthatthereisaquantitywithoutamountoradeficitamount,noamountwithaquantitydeficit,abalancewithnoamount,andadeficit,etc.,itshouldbeascertainedwhetheritiscausedbyanaccountingerrororanincreaseinthecostofsalesoradecreaseinthecostofsales.Thetaxplanningmethodisthesameasthatofcheckingtheabnormalbalanceofinventorymaterials.
Caseanalysis
-Tax-relatedinspectionandcaseanalysisof"FinishedProducts"account
"Themaincontentofthetax-relatedinspectionofthe"finishedproducts"accountandtheemphasison"finishedproducts"asacalculationaccountofcorporateincometax,itspositioninthecorporateincometaxinspectionisveryimportant.Thisisbecause,firstofall,thecreditaccountingcontentofthe"finishedproducts"accountisdirectlyrelatedtothecarry-overofthecostofproductsales.Itiscommontoevadecorporateincometaxbyusingthesalescostofmulti-turnproducts.Secondly,"finishedproducts"isaverificationaccountforturnovertax,anditscreditaccountingcontentismorecomplicated.Inadditiontobeingusedforsale,thedeliveredfinishedproductsalsohaveotheruses.Certainbusinessesthatareofasalesnature,suchasrepayingdebtswithproducts,distributingprofitswithproducts,ortradingproductsinexchangeforrawmaterials,etc.,shallbetreatedassalesinaccordancewiththeaccountingsystem,through"productsalesrevenue"and"productsalescost"Accountforaccounting.Ifthecorporateerrorlawdirectlycorrespondstothecreditoftheaccountofthefinishedproduct,theaccountof"accountspayable","profitdistribution"or"rawmaterial"willnotbeprocessedforsales,whichwillnotonlyevadecorporateincometax,butalsoevadeturnovertax.Therearealsosomedeemedsalesbusinesses,suchasusingproductsforconstructioninprogress,managementdepartments,non-productionorganizations,providinglaborservices,andforgifts,sponsorships,fund-raising,advertising,samples,employeebenefits,rewards,etc.Theseself-producedproductsareaninternalcarry-overrelationship,andthereisnosalesbehavior,andthecompanyhasnotincreasedfundsbecauseofthis.Accordingtoregulations,itcantransferatcost.Whentheproductistransferredandused,itscostistransferredtothecorrespondingaccountaccordingtothepurpose.Forexample,ifself-producedproductsareusedinconstructioninprogress,thecostwillbetransferredtothecostofconstructioninprogress;usedforgifts,sponsorships,fund-raising,etc.,willbetransferredtonon-operatingexpenses;usedforadvertising,samples,etc.,willbecostedTransfertoproductsalesexpenses,etc.Theaccountingentryis:
Borrow:Constructioninprogress(businessofficeexpenditure,salesexpenses,etc.)
Loan:finishedproduct(orself-madesemi-finishedproduct)
Thevalue-addedtaxandconsumptiontaxthatshouldbepaidwhentheproductisusedforeachoftheabove-mentionedpurposesshouldalsobecreditedtothecorrespondingaccountaccordingtothepurpose.Theaccountingentriesare:
borrow:constructioninprogress(ornon-operatingexpenses,salesexpenses,etc.)
loan:taxpayable-value-addedtaxpayable(consumptiontax,etc.)
Ifanenterpriseonlycarriesforwardthecostoftheproductfortheabove-mentioneddeemedsales,anddoesnotmakeormistaketheaccountingtreatmentofthetaxpayable,itwillinevitablyaffecttheturnovertaxpayable.Atthesametime,accordingtothetaxlaw,itisalsonecessarytodeclareandpaycorporateincometax.
Accordingtothenature,purpose,structureofthe"finishedproducts"accountanditsspecificimpactontaxation,thetax-relatedinspectionshouldfocusontheinspectionoftheamountofdebitandcredit.Themaintax-relatedissuesthatshouldbecheckedare:
Arethequantityandamountoffinishedgoodsthatthedebitsideentersthewarehousecorrect?Hasthequantityandamountoffinishedproductsrecordedinthewarehouseincorrectlyaffectedthecarry-forwardofthecostofsoldproducts?
Isthecostofgoodssoldbythelendercorrect?Isthereanyimpactoncorporateincometaxduetothewrongconversionofthecostofsales?
Thebusinessofrepayingdebtswithproducts,distributingprofits,exchangingmaterials,etc.isasalesbusiness.Aretheaccountingtreatmentscorrect?Doesitaffecttaxpayment?
Useproductsforconstructioninprogressandotherbusinessesthataredeemedsales.Istheaccountingtreatmentcorrect?Haveyouevadedturnovertaxandcorporateincometax?
2.Caseanalysisoftax-relatedinspectionof"finishedproducts"account[Case1]Planningthecostoffinishedproducts,increasingtheunitpriceoffinishedproductsinstorage,andevadingcorporateincometax.
AcertaincompanyproducesproductA.Atthebeginningoftheperiod,ithas200piecesofproductAinstock,andtheamountis20,000yuan;800piecesofproductAarecompletedthismonth,andtheamountis96,000yuan.Theenterpriseusestheweightedaveragemethod.Thecalculatedaverageunitpriceis116yuan.400piecesofproductAweresoldthismonth,andtheproductsalescostwascarriedforwardtoRMB46,400.Afterinspection,thecostoffinishedproductscarriedforwardtothewarehousethismonthhasfalseinputfactors,andtheamountis12,000yuan.IntheproductionprocessofproductA,thereisnoproductinthebeginningandtheendoftheperiod,andthe12,000yuanfakefeedallaffectsthecostoftheproductinthewarehousethatmonth.Recalculatingaccordingtotheresultsoftheverification,theweightedaverageunitpriceofProductAisactuallyRMB104[(20,00096,000-12,000)÷(200800)=RMB104],andthecompanyhasincreaseditsproductsalescostbyRMB4,800duetotheincreaseintheweightedaverageunitpriceoftheproduct.
Commentingonthesalescostofmulti-turnproductsandevadingcorporateincometaxarethe"habitualtricks"ofsomeillegaltaxpayers.Theyusetheerrorofproductcostaccountingtotransferthefinishedproductsintothewarehousebymistakeortransferthemtothewarehouse.Theamountoftheproduct,orthenumberofproductstransferredintothewarehousebymistake,artificiallyinflatedtheunitcostofthefinishedproductinstock,resultinginawrongtransferofthecostofthesoldproduct.Intaxinspections,inadditiontoverifyingthecompletedquantityagainsttherelevantproductwarehousingslips,productcostcalculationsheets,outputreports,productionrecords,etc.,attentionshouldalsobepaidtocheckingtheaccountingofproductcosts,fromthecollectionofproductioncoststothecompletionofproductioncosts.Anynegligenceinthedistributionbetweenproductsandproductsattheendoftheperiodwillbringlegacyproblemstothecarry-overofproductsalescosts.
[Case2]Thecaseofrepayingdebtswithproductsbutnotselling,evadingvalue-addedtaxandcorporateincometax
Checkthedetailedaccountofacompany’sfinishedproducts,andfoundthattherewasanabnormalcorrespondenceonacertaindayAccountingentry:
Debit:Accountspayable40,000.00
Credit:Finishedproduct40,000.00
Thesummaryoftheaccountingvoucheris"RepaythedebtsowedbycompanyB".Itwasverifiedthatthebatchoffinishedproductswastransferredatcostprice,anditssellingpriceshouldbe48,000yuan.
Dianpingusesproductstorepaythedebt,whichisasalesbusiness.Accordingtotheaccountingsystem,thecostamountshouldberecordedinthe"productsalescost"account,andthesalespriceshouldberecordedinthe"productsalesrevenue"account,andexchangetransfertaxshouldbecalculated.Thecompanydirectlytransfersittothe"accountspayable"accountatcostanddoesnotdealwithsales.Obviously,ithasevadedvalue-addedtaxandcorporateincometax.However,duetolackofaccountingknowledgeorpoortaxawareness,accountingpersonnelofindividualcompaniescallthismethodofaccounting"shortcuts".The"shortcuts"takenbysuchaccountingpersonnelinaccountingprocessingmaybeverydifferent.Pen,histaxevasionbehaviorisworthyofvigilance!
[Case3]Casesofusingself-producedproductsforconstructioninprogressandevadingvalue-addedtaxandincometax
Abatchofself-producedproductsforconstructioninprogressofanenterprisewasusedatacostof20,000yuan.Theaccountingentriesmadebytheenterpriseare:
borrow:constructioninprogress20,000.00
loan:finishedproduct20,000.00
Afterverification,thepriceofthisbatchoffinishedproductsis25,000Yuan.
Commentthatthisbusinessisaself-producedproductforself-use.Accordingtotheaccountingsystem,thecompany’stransferatcostshouldbecorrect,buttheomissionofthevalue-addedtaxcalculatedbythesellingpriceisanactoftaxevasion..Accordingtothetaxlaw,inadditiontothecalculationofoutputtax,self-producedproductsforself-useshouldalsobeusedastaxableincomewhencalculatingandpayingcorporateincometax.Therefore,thecorporateincometaxdeclarationshouldbecheckedtogethertoseeifthistaxableincomeisunder-reported.