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Secure multi-party computing



Introduction

SecureMulti-PartyComputation(English:SecureMulti-PartyComputation)researchismainlyaimedatuntrustedthirdpartiesTheproblemofhowtosafelycalculateaconventionfunction.Securemulti-partycomputingisthecryptographicbasisfortheimplementationofmanyapplicationssuchaselectronicelections,thresholdsignatures,andelectronicauctions.

Asecuremulti-partycomputingprotocol,ifitissafeforanattackerwithunlimitedcomputingpower,itiscalledinformation-theoreticsecurityorunconditionallysecure;ifitissafeforanattackerwithpolynomialcomputingpower,Itissaidtobecryptographicallysecureorconditionallysecure.

Existingresultsprovethatundertheunconditionalsecuritymodel,ifandonlyifthenumberofmaliciousparticipantsislessthan1/3ofthetotalnumberofparticipants,asafesolutionexists.Undertheconditionalsecuritymodel,ifandonlyifthenumberofmaliciousparticipantsislessthanhalfofthetotalnumberofparticipants,asafesolutionexists.

Securemulti-partycomputingoriginatedfromYaoQizhi’smillionaireproblemin1982.Later,OdedGoldreichmadeamoredetailedandsystematicdiscussion.

YaoQizhi

YaoQizhi(December24,1946-),Chinesecomputerscientist,TuringPrizewinnerin2000,istheonlyonesofarTheChinesewhowonthisaward.HeiscurrentlythedirectorandprofessoroftheTheoreticalComputerScienceResearchCenterofTsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,theBowenChairProfessoroftheChineseUniversityofHongKong,theHonoraryLectureofNationalTsinghuaUniversityinHsinchu,andtheDistinguishedResearchLectureofNationalTaiwanUniversity,andtheDistinguishedUniversityProfessorofTheChineseUniversityofHongKong(Shenzhen).

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