Nobel Peace Prize - technewscircle

Awardhistory

TheNobelwilltestamentmanuscript(fourpagesintotal)comesfromtheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrize(4photos)

November27,1895,ThelastwillwrittenbyAlfredBernhardNobel(hereinafterreferredtoasNobel)oneyearbeforehisdeathwassignedattheSwedishNorwegianClubinParis.Accordingtothelastwill,hisestatewillbeusedtoestablishaseriesofawardstorecognizethosewho"havemadethegreatestcontributiontomankind"inphysics,chemistry,peace,physiologyormedicine,andliterature.TheassetsusedtoestablishthefiveNobelPrizesaccountedfor94%ofNobel'stotalassets,namely31millionSwedishkrona.

OnApril26,1897,Nobel’swillwaspassedandexecutedbytheNorwegianParliament,andtheexecutorsRonnerSolmanandRudolfLilljequistestablishedtheNobelFoundation,Manageestatesandbonuses.Afterthepassageofthewill,theNobelPeacePrizewillbeadministeredbytheNorwegianNobelCommittee,andtheNorwegianParliamentwillselect5peopletoformacommitteetodeterminethewinners.TheNobelFoundationsubsequentlyreachedanagreementontheawardcriteriafortheNobelPrize.

In1900,KingOscarIIofSwedenpromulgatednewregulationsoftheNobelFoundation.

OnDecember10,1901,theNobelPeacePrizewasawardedforthefirsttimeonthe5thanniversaryofNobel’sdeath.

In1935,KarlvonOsitskyfailedtoattendtheawardbecauseGermanyatthetimerefusedtoissuehimapassport.

In1961,DagHammarskjöldpassedawaybeforetheaward,andthecommitteeawardedhimtheaward.

In1973,theVietnamesepoliticianLeDucThorefusedtoaccepttheNobelPeacePrize.Hewastheonlypersonwhorefusedtheprize.

In1975,AndreiDmitriyevichSakharovfailedtoattendtheawardbecausetheSovietgovernmentatthetimerefusedtoissuehimapassport.

In1991,AungSanSuuKyifailedtoattendtheawardbecauseshewasunderhousearrestbytheMyanmargovernment.AfterbeingreleasedandelectedasamemberofParliament,shepersonallyacceptedtheawardonJune16,2012.

OnJune10,2007,theNobelPeacePrizeMedalwonbyArchbishopDesmondTutuwasstolenfromhishomeinSoweto,andthepropertywasrecoveredbythepoliceonthe16th..OnJune17,theNobelPeacePrizemedalwonbythelatePalestinianleaderYasserArafatwasstoleninthechaosofGaza.

OnApril3,2013,theNobelPeaceMedalwonbyArthurHendersonwasstoleninNewcastle,UK.

Awardssettings

Awardsoverview

NobelPeacePrizeIncludingagoldmedal,acertificateandabonus.TheamountofthebonusdependsontheincomeoftheNobelFoundationthatyear(forallbonusessince1901,pleaserefertotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrize).Inthecaseofmorethanonewinner,theprizemoneywillbesplitequally,oroneofthemwillgethalfandtheothertwowilleachgetaquarter.

Bonus

EveryNobelPeacePrizewinnerwillreceiveabonusandAdocumentrecordingtheamountofthebonus.The2009bonuswas10millionSwedishkronor(approximately1.4millionUSdollars).In2012,duetobudgetcuts,thebonuswasreducedto8millionSwedishkronor(approximately1.1millionUSdollars).TheamountofthebonuswillvarywiththeincomeoftheNobelFoundationthatyear.Iftherearemorethanonewinnersatthesametime,theprizemoneycanbedividedequally;iftherearethreewinnersatthesametime,theprizemoneycanalsobedistributedataratioof2:1:1,thatis,onepersongetsone-halfandtheothertwoEachgetsaquarter.

Organizationalprocess

Selectionprocess

FromSeptembertoJanuary31ofthefollowingyear,theNorwegianNobelCommitteeisreadytoacceptnominations.

February1stofeachyear,thedeadlinefornomination.Thecommitteeevaluatesbasedonthenomination(postmarkdatemustbenolaterthanFebruary1stoftheyear).Ifthepostmarkdateislaterthanthedeadline,thenominationwillbeincludedinthenextyear’sdiscussion.Thecommitteehasreceivednearly200differentNobelPeacePrizenominees.Thenumberofnominationlettersismuchhigher,becausemanynominatethesamecandidate.

FebruaryandMarcheveryyear,shortlist.Thecommitteeconductscandidateevaluationandpreparesashortlist.InMarchandAugust,theconsultantreviewed.

Inmid-Octobereveryyear,thelistofNobelPrizewinnersisannounced.

EveryDecember10th,theNobelPeacePrizeawardceremonywillbeheldinOsloCityHall,Norway.

Nominationprocess

AccordingtotherulesoftheNobelFoundation,theNobelPeacePrizeCommitteesendsconfidentialdocumentstothosewhoarecapableandqualifiedtonominate,andtheyrecommendNobelPeacePrizewinners,Qualifiednominators(Qualifiednominators)requirementsareasfollows:

1.NationalAssemblymembersandnationalgovernmentmembers(cabinetmembers/ministers)ofsovereigncountriesandcurrentheadsofstate;

2MemberofTheHagueInternationalCourtofJusticeandMemberofTheHaguePermanentCourtofArbitration;

3.MemberoftheInternationalLawSociety;

4.MemberoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheInternationalWomen’sAllianceforPeaceandFreedom;

5.Universityprofessor,historyprofessor,historian,associateprofessorofhistory,socialsciences,law,philosophy,theologyandreligion;universitypresident(oritsequivalent);directoroftheInstituteofPeaceandForeignPolicy;

6.NobelPeacePrizewinner;

7.BoardmemberoftheNobelPeacePrizewinningorganization(oritsequivalent);

8.CurrentpositionAndtheoutgoingmembersoftheNorwegianNobelCommittee(theirnominationcanbeafterFebruary1,butbeforeoronthedayofthefirstmeetingoftheCommittee);

9.PermanentadviseroftheNorwegianNobelCommittee.

Unlessotherwisestated,theterm"member"shouldbeunderstoodasthecurrentmember.

Selectionandevaluation

TheNorwegianNobelCommitteeisresponsiblefortheselectionofcandidatesfortheNobelPeacePrizeandtheselectionofwinners.ThecommitteeiscomposedoffivemembersappointedbytheNorwegianParliament.

Awards

Resultsoftheawards

Asof2020,theNobelPeacePrizehasbeenawarded101times,with135winners,including107individualsand28Organizations;68timeswereobtainedbyoneperson,30timesweresharedbytwopersons,and2timesweresharedbythreepersons.

Year

Winner

Countryorregion

Reason

p>p>p>p>tr>p>

1901	HenryDunant	Switzerland	FounderoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross
FrederickPassy p>	France	Inter-ParliamentaryUnionThemainfounderofandthemainorganizerofthefirstWorldPeaceConference
1902	ElieDickmen	Switzerland	FirstHonorarySecretary-GeneraloftheInternationalPeaceBureau
CharlesAlbertGobat	Switzerland	Thefirstsecretary-generaloftheInter-ParliamentaryUnion
1903	WilliamRandallCreamer	UnitedKingdom	FatheroftheInter-ParliamentaryUnion
1904	InternationalLawInstitute	Belgium	Asanunofficialinstitution,itstrivestoformulategeneralprinciplesofinternationallaw
1905	Bertavon·Suttner	Austro-HungarianEmpire	Theauthorofthebook"LetDownWeapon",alsocontributedtotheestablishmentoftheNobelPeacePrize
1906	TheodoreRoosevelt	TheUnitedStates	successfullymediatedandendedtheRusso-JapaneseWar,hewasinthearbitrationThecontributionmadealsoprovidedthefirstcasetothePermanentCourtofArbitration
1907	EnestoTeodoroMoneta	Italy	ThemainleaderoftheItalianpeacemovement
LouisRenault	France	Frenchinternationaljurist,thePermanentCourtofArbitrationinTheHagueMember
1908	Klass·PontusArnoldsson	Sweden	FounderoftheSwedishAllianceforPeaceandArbitration
FredryKeBeye	Denmark	ThemostimportantpeaceadvocateinScandinavia,coupledwithhisimportantcontributiontotheInter-ParliamentaryUnion,heisalsothefirstchairmanoftheInternationalPeaceBureau
1909	AugustBernard	Belgium	LeaderoftheInter-ParliamentaryUnion,twiceTheHagueRepresentativeofthePeaceConference
PaulDeConstant	France	Abrilliantcareerinthefieldofinternationalarbitration,andDiplomaticworkbetweenGermanyandBritainandFrance
1910	InternationalPeaceBureau	Switzerland	Thebondbetweencountriesandpeacefulsocieties
1911
1911 p>	TobiasAssel	Netherlands	MemberoftheArbitrationCourt,initiatorofTheHagueConferenceonPrivateInternationalLaw
AlfredHermanFried	Austro-HungarianEmpire	FounderoftheGermanPeaceAssociation /p>
1912	ElihuRoot	UnitedStates	Stronginterestininternationalarbitrationandplanstoestablishaninternationalcourt
1913	HenryLafontaine	Belgium	DirectoroftheInternationalPeaceBureau
1914	Noawards
1915	Noawards
1916	Noawards
1917	InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross	Switzerland	MakeeveryefforttoprotecttherightsofprisonersofwarfromallsidesoftheFirstWorldWar,includingtherighttoallowprisonersofwartoestablishcontactwiththeirfamilies.
1918	Noawards
1919	WoodrowWilson	UnitedStates	PlayedavitalroleintheestablishmentoftheLeagueofNations
1920	LeonBourgeois	France	ParticipatedinthetwoHaguePeaceConferencesin1899and1907.HewasresponsiblefortheestablishmentoftheLeagueofNations.Hehasmadegreatcontributionsandisoftenreferredtoasthe"spiritualfather"ofthealliance
1921	KarlYarmaBranding	Sweden	IhavemadeimportantcontributionstotheLeagueofNations
ChristianRoussLange	Norway	ThefirstSecretary-GeneraloftheNorwegianNobelCommittee,Secretary-GeneraloftheInter-ParliamentaryUnion
1922	FrichevNansen	Norway	HelpingmillionsofRussianpeoplewhoarestrugglingtofightfamine,andhelpingrefugeesfromAsiaMinorandThrace
1923	Noawards
1924	Noawards
1925	AustinChamberlain	UnitedKingdom	ContributedtothesigningoftheLocarnoConvention
CharlesGatesDaws	TheUnitedStates	TheDawesPlanwasformulatedforGermancompensation,whichbecamethe1925RomaniaTheeconomicpillaroftheGanoConvention
1926	AristideBrian	France	ContributedtothesigningoftheLoganoConvention
GustavStreiZeman	Germany
1927	FerdinandEdwardBusson	France	ContributionstotheFranco-Germanreconciliation
LudwigKweid	Germany
1928	Noawards
1929	Frank·B·Kellogg	UnitedStates	Advocatingthesigningofthe"Barian-KelloggConventiononNon-Warfare",thesignatoriessaidthattheyabandontheuseofwarasameansofnationalpolicyandcanonlyresolveinternationaldisputesorconflictsthroughpeacefulmethods
1930	TanSoderblum	Sweden	EffortsfortheunityofChristianityandworldpeace
1931	JaneAdams	UnitedStates	RewardherforherworkonsocialreformandhercontributionastheleaderoftheInternationalWomen’sAllianceforPeaceandFreedom
NicholasMurrayButler	UnitedStates	Promotethesigningofthe"Non-WarPact"andtheUnitedStatesforpeaceLeaderoftheMovement
1932	Noawards
1933	NormanAngel	UnitedKingdom	Authorof"TheGreatIllusion",supporteroftheLeagueofNations,influentialpropagandistandpeaceeducator
1934	ArthurHenderSen	UnitedKingdom	InrecognitionofhiscontributionstotheLeagueofNations,especiallyinthefieldofdisarmament
1935	KarlvonOsitsky	NaziGermany	StrivetoopposeGermanreorganization
1936	CarlosSavidraLaMas	Argentina	HeledtheMansionValleywartoendinParaguayandBolivia
1937
1937 td>	E·A·RobCecil	UnitedKingdom	RecognizehiscontributiontotheLeagueofNations
1938	NansenInternationalRefugeeOffice	InternationalLeague	Recognizetheorganization’shelptorefugees
1939	Noawards
1940	Noawards
1941	Noawards
1942	Noawards
1943	Noawards
1944	InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross	Switzerland	Recognizestheorganization’slargeamountofhumanitarianismduringWorldWarIIDoctrinework
1945	CordellHull	UnitedStates	RecognizinghisstruggleagainstisolationisminhishometownandestablishingapeacefulcountryontheAmericancontinentTheeffortsoftheallianceandtheworkdonefortheUnitedNationsorganization
1946	EmilyBalch	UnitedStates	Formerprofessorofhistoryandsociology,honoraryinternationalpresidentoftheInternationalWomen’sAllianceforPeaceandFreedom
JohnMudd	UnitedStates	PresidentoftheWorldYMCA,PresidentoftheInternationalMissionAssociation
1947	BritishCatholicChurch	UnitedKingdom	Sympathyforothersanddesiretohelpthem
AmericanCatholicChurch	UnitedStates
1948	Noawardwasawardedbecause"thereisnosuitableandlivingcandidate"becauseofNobelThePeacePrizewillnotposthumouslyawardwinnerswhohavepassedaway.ThecommitteeusesthistopaytributetoMahatmaGandhiwhowasassassinatednotlongago
1949	JohnBoydOrr	UnitedKingdom	Director-GeneralandOutstandingOrganizeroftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,ChairmanoftheWorldPeaceOrganizationAllianceandtheNationalPeaceCouncil
1950	RalphJohnsonBunch	UnitedStates	ProfessorofHarvardUniversity,inrecognitionofhismediationin1948EffortsintheArab-IsraeliWar
1951	LeonJoao	France	ChairmanoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheCouncilofEurope,Vice-ChairmanoftheInternationalConfederationofFreeTradeUnions,Vice-ChairmanoftheWorldFederationofTradeUnions,MemberoftheBoardofDirectorsoftheInternationalLabourOrganization,RepresentativeoftheUnitedNations
1952	AlbertSchweitzer	France	Preacher,founderofLambarene
1953	GeorgeCartlettMarshall	UnitedStates	PresidentoftheAmericanRedCross,formerU.S.SecretaryofStateandU.S.SecretaryofDefense,UnitedNationsrepresentative,InitiatoroftheMarshallPlan
1954	OfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees	UnitedNations	InternationalrescueorganizationfoundedbytheUnitedNationsin1951
1955	Noawards
1956	Noawards
1957	LesterBurroughsPearson	Canada	FormerCanadianForeignMinisterandChairmanoftheseventhmeetingoftheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly,inordertoendtheSuezCanalcrisisandtryEffortstosolvetheMiddleEastissuethroughtheUnitedNations
1958	GeorgePeel	Belgium	FatheroftheDominicanChurch,leaderofrefugeereliefagencies
1959	PhilipNoel-Baker	UnitedKingdom	MemberoftheEuropeanParliament,dedicatedtointernationalpeaceforlifeCooperationwith
1960	AlbertLutuli	SouthAfrica	ChairmanoftheAfricanNationalCongress,he"standsattheforefrontofSouthAfrica’sstruggleagainstapartheid"
1961	DagHammarskjöld	Sweden	TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,inrecognitionofhiscontributiontostrengtheningtheroleoftheUnitedNations
1962	LinusKarlPauling	UnitedStates	Recognizehiseffortsinopposingnuclearweaponstests
1963	InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross	Switzerland	Recognizetheorganization’s100yearsofeffortstoprotecthumanrights
InternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties	Switzerland
1964	MartinLutherKing	UnitedStates	Civilrightsactivist,thefirstpersonintheWesternworldtoprovetousthatstrugglescanbeinitiatedinanon-violentway
1965	UnitedNationsInternationalChildren’sEmergencyReliefFund	UnitedNations	InternationalRescueOrganization
1966	Noawards
1967	Noawards
1968 td>	ReneCarson	France p>	ChairmanoftheEuropeanCourtofHumanRights
1969	InternationalLaborOrganization	UnitedNations
1970	NormanBraug p>	UnitedStates	RecognizehisThecontributionmadebytheGreenRevolutionhashadaprofoundimpactonfoodproductionintheworld,especiallyinAsiaandLatinAmerica
1971	WilliBrandt	WestGermany	TheChancelloroftheFederalRepublicofGermany,inrecognitionofhiscontributiontoWestGermanEasternpolicy
1972	Noawards
1973	HenryKissinger	TheUnitedStates	TheactiveroleoftheUnitedStatesinachievingaceasefireintheVietnamWarandthewithdrawalofUStroopsthroughtheParisPeaceAgreement
LiDeshou	NorthVietnam
1974	SeanMcBride	Ireland	ChairmanoftheInternationalPeaceBureau,ChairmanoftheNamibiaCommission,commendinghimforhisworkinthefieldofhumanrightsContributions:ThroughtheEuropeanParliament’strialoftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights,assistedinthecreationofAmnestyInternationalandservedasaleader,servingastheSecretary-GeneraloftheInternationalCommissionofJurists
SatoEisaku	Japan	ThePrimeMinisterofJapanannouncedthatJapanwillabandonthedevelopmentofnuclearweaponsandstrivetopromoteregionalreconciliation
1975	AndreiDmitrijevicSakharov	SovietUnion	Recognizehiseffortsinfightingforhumanrights,disarmamentandpromotingcooperationamongallcountries
1976	BettyWilliams	UnitedKingdom/Ireland	NorthernIrelandPeaceMovement(laterrenamedPeacePeopleThefounderofthesociety)
MeridCorrigan	UnitedKingdom/Ireland
1977Year	AmnestyInternational	UnitedKingdom	Effortstoprotectthehumanrightsofprisonersofconscience
1978	MuhammadAnwarSadat	Egypt	SignedtheCampDavidagreement,whichbroughtpeacetoEgyptandIsraelthroughnegotiations td>
MenachemBegin	Israel
1979	SisterTeresa	India	FounderoftheMissionarySistersofCharity
1980	AdoPerezEskivir	Argentina	Humanrightsleadersfoundednon-violenthumanrightsorganizationstofightagainstthemilitarygovernmentrulingArgentina
1981	UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees	UnitedNations	TheinternationalrescueorganizationfoundedbytheUnitedNationsin1951
1982	AlvaMidal p>	Sweden	RecognizetheirimportantroleintheUNdisarmamentconsultations.TheyHavewontherecognitionoftheinternationalcommunity
AfonsoGarciaRobles	Mexico
1983	LechWalesa	Poland	FounderoftheSolidarityFederationofTradeandIndustry,humanrightsactivist
1984	Desmond·Tutu	SouthAfrica	BishopofJohannesburgandformerSecretary-GeneraloftheCouncilofSouthAfricanChurches
1985	InternationalNuclearWarDoctorsOrganization	UnitedStates	Issuingauthoritativeinformationhelpspeoplerealizethedisastrousconsequencesofatomicwarfare,whichinturnhelpsincreasepublicoppositiontotheproliferationofatomicweapons,redefinetheirpriority,andpaymoreattentionPressureonhealthandotherhumanitarianissues
1986	ElieWiesel	UnitedStates p>	ChairmanoftheUnitedStatesPresident’sHolocaustCommittee
1987	OscarAriasSanchez	CostaRica	RecognizehisworkforpeaceinCentralAmericaContribution,hiseffortsledthepartiestosignanagreementinGuatemalaonAugust7thisyear
1988	UnitedNationsPeacekeepingForce	UnitedNations	MakinganimportantcontributiontotherealizationofoneofthebasicprinciplesoftheUnitedNations
1990	MikhailSergeyevichGoErbachev	SovietUnion	TheGeneralSecretaryoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyoftheSovietUnionandthePresidentoftheSovietUnion,commendedhimforhisleadingroleinthepeaceprocessandhelpedformanimportantpartoftoday’sinternationalsociety
1991	AungSanSuuKyi	Myanmar	RecognizeherforhereffortstofightfordemocracyandNon-violentprotestsagainsthumanrights
1992	RigovetaMenchu·Tum	Guatemala	Recognizehereffortstopromotesocialjusticeandnationalculturalreconciliationonthebasisofrespectingtherightsofindigenouspeoples
1993	NelsonMandela	SouthAfrica	RecognizetheireffortstoendtheapartheidsysteminSouthAfricathroughpeacefulmeans,andLaythefoundationforademocraticnewSouthAfrica
FrederickWilliamDekler	SouthAfrica
1994	YasirAllahFat	Palestine	RecognizesbothsidesfortheircouragetopasspoliticsTheactionfulfilleditspromiseandopenedupnewdevelopmentopportunitiesfortheMiddleEasttomovetowardsfraternity
Itzhak·Rabin	Israel
ShimonPerez	Israel
1995	JosephRothblatt	UnitedKingdom	Recognizethemforreducingnuclearweaponsininternationalpoliticsandmovingtowardsthelong-termdirectionofeliminatingnuclearweaponsEffortsmadetomoveforward
PugwashConferenceonScienceandWorldAffairs	Canada
1996	SiménezBello	EastTimor	RecognizetheireffortstoachieveajustandpeacefulresolutionoftheEastTimorconflict
JoséRamosHorta	EastTimor
1997	InternationalAnti-MineOrganization	Switzerland	Recognizingtheireffortsinbanningandclearinganti-personnellandmines
JodyWilliams	UnitedStates
1998	JohnHume	Ireland	RecognizethemforEffortstofindapeacefulsolutiontotheconflictinNorthernIreland
DavidTrimble	UnitedKingdom
1999	DoctorsWithoutBorders	Switzerland	Recognizetheorganization’spioneeringhumanitarianworkonmultiplecontinents
2000	KimDaeJung	Korea	RecognizehiscontributionstothecauseofdemocracyandhumanrightsinSouthKoreaandEastAsia,especiallythepeaceandreconciliationwithNorthKorea
2001	UnitedNations	UnitedNations	Recognizetheorganization'scontributiontothepromotionofworldpeace
KofiAnnan	Ghana
2002	JimmyCarter	UnitedStates	Recognizehimfordecadesofseekingpeacefulsolutionstointernationaldisputes,advancingdemocracyandhumanrights,andpromotingeconomicandsocialdevelopment
2003	ShilinIbadi p>	Iran	RecognizeherforTheeffortsmadebydemocracyandhumanrights.Shealsopaysspecialattentiontothestrugglefortherightsofwomenandchildren.
2004Year	WangariMaathai	Kenya	Recognizinghercontributioninthefieldofsustainabledevelopment,democracyandpeace
2005	InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency	UnitedNations	RecognizethemforpreventingnuclearenergyfrombeingusedformilitarypurposesandensuringthesafestwayEffortsinthepeacefuluseofnuclearenergy
MuhammadElBaradei	Egypt
2006	MohamedYunas	Bangladesh	RecognizesthemforadvancingtheeconomythroughsmallloansforentrepreneurshipandThepoor,especiallywomen’scontributiontosocialopportunities
BangladeshCountryBank	Bangladesh
2007	IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange	TheUnitedNations	Recognizestheireffortsindisseminatingknowledgeofman-madeclimatechangeandlayingthefoundationforthemeasuresneededtodealwiththischange
AlGore	UnitedStates
2008	MartiAhtisaari	Finland	Recognizehiseffortsintryingtoresolveinternationalconflictsbytravelingacrossseveralcontinentsformorethan30years
2009	BerakObama	UnitedStates	Inrecognitionofhisextraordinaryeffortsinpromotinginternationaldiplomacyandcooperationamongpeoplesofallcountries
2011	EllenJohnsonSirleaf	Liberia	Recognizetheirnon-violentstrugglesforwomen’ssafetyandwomen’sfullparticipationinpeace-buildingefforts
LeymanGubawe	Liberia
TavakuKaman	Yemen
2012Year	EuropeanUnion	EuropeanUnion	Recognizestheorganization’seffortsinadvancingEuropeanpeaceandreconciliation,democracyandhumanrightsformorethansixtyyears.Contributions
2013	OrganizationfortheProhibitionofChemicalWeapons	Netherlands	Recognizingtheorganization’sextensiveeffortsineliminatingchemicalweapons
2014 p>	Satyarshi	India	Theyarefightingagainsttheoppressionofchildrenandyoungpeopleandfightingfortherighttoeducationforallchildren
MalaaraYoussefZai	Pakistan
2015	TunisiaNationalDialogueSifangGroup	Tunisia	AftertheJasmineRevolutionin2011,itsdecisivecontributiontotheestablishmentofadiverseanddemocraticTunisia
2016	JuanManuelSantos	Colombia	HisunremittingeffortsputanendtotheColombianCivilWarthatlastedmorethan50yearsandkilledatleast220,000Colombiansandmadenearly6millionhomeless td>
2017	InternationalCampaigntoAbolishNuclearWeapons	Switzerland	Drawtheattentionofallpartiestothedisastroushumanitarianconsequencesofusinganynuclearweaponsandthebreakthrougheffortstorealizethetreatybanningtheseweapons
2018	DeniMuquig	DemocraticRepublicofCongo	Theyarecommittedtoendingtheuseofsexualviolenceasweaponsinwarsandarmedconflicts
NadiaMurad	Iraq
2019	AbiAhmedDeAli	Ethiopia	Recognizehiseffortstoachievepeaceandinternationalcooperation,especiallyhisdecisiveinitiativetoresolvetheborderconflictwithneighboringEritrea
2020	WorldFoodProgram		Inrecognitionoftheircontributiontoimprovingpeaceconditionsinconflict-affectedareas

Statistics

Thestatisticsareasof2019,andthecontentcomesfromtheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrize:
Numberoftimes	TheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosswonthreeNobelPeacePrizes(in1917,1944and1963); TheOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeeswontwoNobelPeacePrizes(in1954)And1981)
Age	TheyoungestNobelPeacePrizewinnerisMalalaYoussefZai(17yearsoldwhenhewontheprizein2014); TheoldestTheNobelPeacePrizewinnerisJosephRothblatt(87yearsoldwhenhewontheprizein1995)
Gender	Atotalof17womenhavewontheNobelPeacePrize,namelyBertavonSuttner(1905),JaneAdams(1931),EmilyBalch(1946),Betty·Williams(1976),MeridCorrigan(1976),MotherTeresa(1979),AlvaMidal(1982),AungSanSuuKyi(1991),RigowetaMenchuTum(1992),JodyWilliams(1997),ShirinIbadi(2003),WangariMaathai(2004),EllenJohnson-Sirleaf(2011),LeymanGubové(2011),TavakuKaman(2011),MalalaYoussefZai(2014)andNadiaMurad(2018).AmongthesixNobelPrizes,itistheprizewiththemostwomenwinners
Stopped p>	Ithasbeensuspendedfor19years(1914-1916,1918,1923,1924,1928,1932,1939-1943,1948,1955—1956,1966—1967and1972)
Delay	11-yeardelayforawarding(1912,1919,1925,1929,1933,1935,1944,1952,1954,1960,1962,1976)
Refusetoaccepttheaward	VietnamesepoliticianLeDucTho(1973)wastheonlyonewhorejectedtheNobelPeacePrize
Alreadyarrestedduringawardpresentation	CarlvonOsitsky(Germany),AungSanSuuKyi(Myanmar)
Posthumouslyawardedafterdeath	DagHammarskjöld(diedinaplanecrashin1961)

Nominationrecord

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AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,politiciansandnationalleaderswerenominatedbutnotawardedtheNobelPeacePrize:

Countryorregion

Name

UnitedStates	WilliamHowardTaft;WaughLenGammelilHarding;HerbertClarkHoover;FranklinRoosevelt;HarryS.Truman;CharlesEvansHughes;JohnFosterDulles;DwightDavidEisenhower
UnitedKingdom	Arthur·NevilleChamberlain;RobertAnthonyAiden;ClementRichardAttlee;RamseyMcDonald;WinstonChurchill
Germany	ConradArdenNa(WestGermany);AdolfHitler(NaziGermany,1939)
FormerSovietUnion	JosephVissarionovichStalin
Czechoslovakia	ThomasMasaryk;EdwardBenays
France	PierreMendesFrance
Argentina	EvitaVeron
India	MohandasKaramchandGandhi(Nominated5times);JawaharlalNehru
Finland	Basikiwi
Italy	BenitoMussolini

AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,theartistwasnominatedbutnotawardedtheNobelPeacePrize:

ErichMariaRemark(Germanwriter)	PabloCasals(Spanishcelloplayer)
NicholasLoric(Russianpainter)	LevNikolaevichTolstoy(Russianwriter)

AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,thenomineesaremainlynotknownforpeacefulwork:

JohnMaynardKeynes(BritishEconomist)

RobertBettenborough(BritishArmyLieutenantGeneral,Writer,WorldBoyScoutMovementOrganizationFounder)

PierredeCoubertin(Frenchhistorianandeducator,toestablishtheinternationalWell-knownfortheOlympicCommittee)

MariaMontessori(famousforherphilosophyandmethodsofearlychildhoodeducation,hereducationalmethodsIthasbeenusedinpublicorprivateschoolsallovertheworld)

AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,theroyalnominees:

TsarNicholasII(1901)	PrinceKarlofSweden(1919)	KingAlbertIofBelgium(1922)
EthiopianEmperorHaileSelassieI(1938)	KingPaulIofGreece(1950)	QueenoftheNetherlandsWilhelmina(1951) p>

AccordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizein2020,thenominationstatisticsareasfollows:

Themostnominations	From1916to1931,JaneAdamsfinallywontheNobelPeacePrizeWasnominatedfortheNobelPeacePrize91timesbefore
Thenumberofnominationsistheleast td>	EmilyBalch,FrijofNansen,TheodoreRooseveltwontheNobelPeacePrizewhentheywerefirstnominated

Referencesource:

NobelPrizecandidatesfor2021:

Russia

VladimirVladimirovichPutin

AwardCeremony

TheNobelPeacePrizeAwardCeremonytakesplaceonDecember10theachyear,theanniversaryofNobel’sdeath,inOsloIssued.Everyawardceremonyisheldintheafternoon.ThisisbecauseNobeldiedat4:30pmonDecember10,1896.Whenthefirstawardwaspresentedin1901,peoplechosetoholdtheceremonyatthemomentofNobel’sdeath.Amethodofspecialsignificancehasbeenfolloweddown.Attheceremony,theKingofNorwaywillpersonallyawardtheawardtothewinners.

TheNobelPeacePrizeisawardedinOslo,Norway,notStockholm,Sweden.ItistheonlyNobelPrizethatisnotawardedinStockholm.

CulturalTradition

PurposeofEstablishment

TheNobelPeacePrizeisoneofthefiveNobelPrizesestablishedinaccordancewithNobel’s1895will.Itaimstocommendpeoplewhohavedonetheirbestormadethegreatestcontributiontothepromotionofnationalunityandfriendship,theabolitionorreductionofarmaments,andtheorganizationandpublicityofthepeaceconference.

MedalCertificate

Medals

NobelPeacePrizeThefrontofthemedalhastheleftportraitofAlfredNobel,butthedesignisslightlydifferentfromtheNobelPrizeinPhysics,Chemistry,PhysiologyorMedicine,andLiterature.Onthebackofthemedalisathree-memberbrother,engravedonit:Propaceetfraternitategentium(translatedas:forthepeaceandfriendshipofmankind),theedgeofthemedalisengravedwiththeyearoftheawardandthenameofthewinner.TheNobelPeaceMedalwasdesignedbyGustavVigeland.Since2012,theNobelMedalhasbeenmanufacturedbyDetNorskeMyntverketinKongsberg,Norway.

SocialEvaluation

TheNobelPeacePrizeisgenerallyregardedasthehighesthonorthatcanbeachievedinthefieldofpeace.(TheNobelPrizeiswidelyconsideredtheworld'smostprestigiousaward.Itisawardedforachievementsinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,peaceandeconomics.)

"ThecommitteeisignoringNobel,accordingtotheirIhavechosenapeaceprizebasedonmyownideas.Thisisamoralfailure."(CommentbyFredrikHeffermehl,authorof"TheNobelPeacePrize,WhatDoestheNobelReallyWant")

Socialcontroversy

In2006,GailLundstad,DeanoftheNorwegianNobelAcademy,said:"Inthe106-yearhistoryoftheNobelPrize,thereisnodoubtthatthebiggestmistakeTheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedto(MahatmaofIndia)Gandhi."GandhihasenteredthefinallistofcandidatesfortheNobelPeacePrizefivetimes,includingtwicebeforeWorldWarIIandthreeconsecutivetimesin1946,1947and1948.

In2007,formerUSVicePresidentAlGorewontheNobelPeacePrizeforincreasingawarenessofglobalclimatechange.CriticsclaimthatAlGoreisnotascientistanddoesnotevenunderstandclimatechangeissuesatall.

In2009,theonlineeditionofTheWashingtonPoststated,“Forpeoplewhowerealmostunknownbefore,(tobeawardedtheNobelPeacePrize)isreallyincrediblenews.AndthinkObamahasnotbeenpresidentforalongtime,buthewasawardedthisaward.ThismovecanalsobeinterpretedasasatireandaccusationagainstformerUSPresidentGeorgeW.Bush.March21,2011,LiberalDemocraticPartyofRussiaChairmanVladimirWolfovichZhirinovskycalledforthecancellationofBarackObama’sNobelPeacePrize.

Nobel Peace Prize