introduction
Qu'est-ce que la visualisation ?
Thelargeamountofdatageneratedbyawidevarietyofinformationsourcesfarexceedstheabilityofthehumanbraintoanalyzeandinterpretthesedata.Duetothelackofeffectiveanalysismethodsforlargeamountsofdata, about95% ofthecalculationsarewasted, whichseriouslyhinderstheprogressofscientificresearch.Tothisend, theUnitedStatesComputerImagingProfessionalCommitteeproposedasolution-visualization.Asthemosteffectivemeansofinterpretingalargeamountofdata, visualizationtechnologywasfirstadoptedbythefieldsofscientificandengineeringcomputing, anddevelopedintoacurrentpopularresearchfield-scientificvisualization.Visualizationtransformsdataintographics, givingpeopledeepandunexpectedinsights, andfundamentallychangesthewayscientistsdoresearchinmanyfields.Theapplicationofvisualizationtechnologyrangesfromhigh-speedflightsimulationstomolecularstructuredemonstrations, everywhere.IntheInternetera, thecombinationofvisualizationandnetworktechnologyhasmaderemotevisualizationservicesareality, andthevisualareanetworkhasemergedasthetimesrequir e.ItisanewconceptproposedbySGIinMarch2002.Itscoretechnologyistovisualizeserverhardwareandsoftware.Themainprocessofscientificvisualizationismodelingandrendering.Modelingistomapdataintogeometricprimitivesofobjects.Renderingisthedepictionofgeometricprimitivesasgraphicsorimages.Renderingisthemaintechniqueforrenderingrealisticgraphics.Strictlyspeaking, renderingistocalculatethebrightnessandcolorcompositionofthevisiblesurfaceoftheobjectprojectedtotheobserver'seyesaccordingtothelightingmodelbasedontheopticalprinciple, andconvertitintoacolorvaluesuitableforthegraphicsdisplaydevice, therebydeterminingeachimageontheprojectionscreen.Thecolorandlightingeffectsofonepixelfinallygeneraterealisticgraphics.Realisticgraphicsareexpressedbythecolorandlightanddarktonesofthesurfaceoftheobject.Itisrelatedtothematerialpropertiesofthesurfaceoftheobjectandthelightenergyradiatedfromthesurfacetothelineofsight.Thecalculationiscomplicatedandtheamountofcalculationislarge.Therefore, theindustryhasinvestedalotofefforttode développer la technologie de rendu.
Matériel de visualisation
Thevisualizationhardwareismainlygraphicsworkstationsandsupervisualizationcomputers.GraphicsworkstationswidelyuseRISCprocessorsandUNIXoperatingsystems.Ithasrichgraphicsprocessingfunctionsandflexiblewindowmanagementfunctions, canbeconfiguredwithlarge-capacitymemoryandharddisk, hasagoodhuman-computerinteractioninterface, entrée / outputandnetworkfunctions.Itismainlyusedinscienceandtechnology.In1997, SGIlaunchedaUMAstructureO2workstationwithoutabus.Itusesahigh-bandwidthmemorysystem, eliminatingvideocards, cartes graphiques, andimagecards.Graphicsprocessing, ImageProcessing, traitement de la vidéo, memoryandmainmemoryarereplacedbyaunifiedmemorysystem, andthebandwidthcanreach2.1GB / s.TheCPUandvideodisplaycandirectlyaccesstheunifiedmemorysystem. En outre, il existe une interface de fenêtre distincte qui permet aux utilisateurs d'accéder au site Web via cette fenêtre, et une liste de fichiers se trouve en haut de la fenêtre, ce qui est pratique pour les utilisateurs qui souhaitent gérer les ressources multimédias. nofVpro3Dgraphicssystem, advancedcrossbarstructureandthelatestMIPSRISCprocessor.WithOctane2anditsunprecedentedaccuracy, interactivityandfastgraphicscapabilities, userscansolvethemostchallengingthree-dimensionalmodeling, visualizationandgraphicsprocessingproblems.Octane2containsthecorefunctionsofOpenGL1.2integratedonachipandsomehardwareaccelerationfunctionsforimageexpansion.Itcanusehardwaretorealizethecalculationofspecularlighting, canquicklyandaccuratelyshowthecurvedsurface, andhasthefunctionof48-bitRGBA.Itistoday'shigh-levelvisualizationdesktopworkstation.Itcanprovideuserswithdual-channeldual-headdisplay.InJuly2000, SGIlaunchedtheOnyx3000seriessupergraphicssystemthatperfectlycombinesvisualizationandsupercomputing.Onyx3000hastakenabigsteptowardsmodularity.Thesystemhardwareconsistsof7modules: graphicsexpansionmoduleG-brique, module d'extension entrée/sortie de base I-brick, module d'extension PCI P-brick, module d'extension E/S hautes performances X-brick, module d'extension d'interconnexion de routeur R-brick, module d'extension CPUC-br ickanddiskexpansionmoduleD-brick.ThewholemachineadoptsNUMA3architecture.High-performancemodularconnectivityfacilitatestheseamlessintegrationofsupercomputingcapabilitiesandvisualizationprocessing.Thewholemachinecanbeexpandedfrom2CPUsto512CPUs.Onyx3000adoptsInfiniteReality3graphicsprocessingpipeline, whichcanrenderthree-dimensionalshapesinrealtime.Theseincludefunctionssuchascolor, la transparence, la texture, andlighting.InFebruary2002, SGIlaunchedtheOnyx3000IPmachine, usingtheInfinitePerformancegraphicsprocessingpipelinewithbetterperformance, fasterspeedandmorerefinedgraphics.Onyx3000'sexcellentperformanceandflexibilitycanenableuserstogetamazingvisualreality, andfullyprotectusers'investment.
Logiciel de visualisation
Visualizationsoftwareisgenerallydividedintothreelevels.Thefirstlayeristheoperatingsystem.Apartoftheprogramdirectlyinteractswiththehardwaretocontroltheworkofvariousmodulesoftheworkstationorsupercomputer.Theotherpartoftheprogramcanperformtaskscheduling, videosynchronizationcontrol, andtransmitgraphicsinthenetworkbyTCP / IP.Informationandcommunicationinformation.Thesecondlayeristhevisualizationsoftwaredevelopmenttool, whichisusedtohelpdevelopersdesignvisualizationapplicationsoftware.Thethirdlayeristhevisualizationapplicationsoftwareusedbyallwalksoflife.Mostvisualizationworkisgenerallyperformedongraphicsworkstations, andafewlarge-scalevisualizationworkthatrequirescollaborativeworkisperformedonsupergraphicscomputers.SGIisoneofthepioneersofvisualcomputingtechnology.Withthesupportofpowerfulhigh-speedgraphicshardware, SGIhaslaunchedaseriesofpowerfulvisualizationsoftwaredevelopmenttools, suchasIRISGL (graphicslibrary), IL (ImageLibrary), VL (vidéothèque) ),ML(MovieLibrary),CASEVision(SoftwareEngineeringVisu alizationDevelopmentTool), etc., amongwhichIRISGLwaslateracceptedbytheindustryandbecameanindustryopenstandardcalledOpenGL.OpenGLsupportsanimmediateinterface, andinformationcanflowdirectlytothedisplay.SGIhasalsodevelopedmanyOpenGLapplicationprogramminginterfaces (API) .Forexample, OpenGLOptimizerisamulti-platformtoolboxthatprovideshigh-levelconstruction, interactiveoperations, andprovidesoptimalgraphicsinCAD / CAM / CAEandAECapplications.Function.OpenGLVolumizerisabreakthroughtoolforvolumerendering, facilitatingthevisualizationofvoxel-baseddatasets.OpenGLPerformerisareal-time3Dgraphicsrenderingtool.OpenGLInventorisathree-dimensionalvisualprocessingtool.OpenGLVizServerisatoolthatprovidesremotevisualizationservices .Depuis le lancement d'OpenGL, plus de deux mille applications graphiques tridimensionnelles ont été développées sur celui-ci. ulationsoftwareParadigm, etc.
La visualisation des données est l'utilisation des technologies de l'infographie et du traitement de l'image, des recherches scientifiques et technologiques sur la forme de représentation des données.
ZoneVisualiséeRéseau
Thecurrentdrivingforcefortheadvancementofgraphicstechnologyis: · Withthecontinuousgrowthofdata, itcanprovidecommercialgraphicsrenderingproducts; · Withthecontinuousgrowthofdata, Abroadbandnetworkthatcaneconomicallyprovidealargeamountofdata; · Inordertostrengthencollaboration, globalgroupsarerequiredtoprovideglobalizeddata.Thecoretechnologytosolvetheabovethreeproblemsis: theuseofscalablegraphicscomputers, suchasOnyx3000andtheuseofOpenGLVizServerremotevisualizationserversoftware.AfteradoptingOpenGLVizServer, generalclientdevicescanaccessadvancedvisualcomputingresourcesthroughthenetwork.Thevisualizationareanetwork (VAN) withOnyxsupervisualizationcomputerandremotevisualizationserversoftwareOpenGLVizServerasthecorecanbeusedbytheglobalcommunitytousegeneralclientstoaccessthesupervisualizationcomputingresourcesplacedsomewherethroughtheInternet.
Pourquoi VANest-il faisable maintenant ?
Fiveyearsago, duetotechnicalreasons, peoplefocusedonthedevelopmentofadvancedgraphicsrenderingtechnology.Thecurrentmainproblemishowtomakegraphicsrenderingproductscheaper.Themainprobleminthenextfiveyearsishowtomakethegraphicsrenderingresultsavailabletogroupsandindividualseverywhere.Tosolvetheaboveproblems, VizServer2.0softwarecanbeused, whichcanenablegroupsandindividualsanywhereintheworldtoobtaintheresultsofgraphicsrendering.Thisisthekeytoachievingscalable, collaboration, andgloballyavailablegraphics.VizServereliminatesthebarriersthatmustbephysicallyconnectedtoadvancedgraphicsrenderingsystems, makingcollaborativeresearchnotrestrictedbygeographiclocation, andachievingtransparentapplicationcollaboration.
Comment fonctionne VizServer ?
· Graphicrenderingiscompletelyrealizedonsupervisualcomputingresources (suchasOnyx3000); · Graphicrenderingresultsaretransmittedtotheclientthroughthenetworkframebyframe; · Theclientdecompressesthegraphicsrenderingresults.Theclientonlyneedstosendthecontrolflow, andtheback-endvisualresourcesendsthedataflowaccordingtothecustomer'srequirements (seethepicture) .Firstofall, theremustbeadvancedvisualizationnodesinVAN, Parexemple, levelOnyx3000ordepartment-levelOnyx300orindividual-levelSiliconGraphicsFuelworkstationsorOnyx3000advancedvisualizationcomputerscanbeused-institutionnel, andsecondly, remotevisualizationserversoftwareOpenGLVizServer2.0canbeused.VizServer'sapplicationperformanceandbandwidthcanmeettherequirementsofeconomicallytransmittinggraphicsrenderingresultsonthecurrentexistingnetwork.
Application du serveur de visualisation à distance
SGIcompanydemonstratedremotevisualizationserviceinCanada.OnNovember8,2001, SGIannouncedthesuccessofitsremotevisualizationservicetrial.ThepurposeofthisdemonstrationistoshowthevariousfunctionsandoverallperformanceoftheSGIvisualizationserviceenvironmentdevelopedbySGIbasedonSGIOpenGLVizServertechnology.FromJunetoAugust2001, SGIconductedthisremotevisualizationservicetrialonCA * net3, CANARIE'shigh-bandwidthnetworkthroughoutCanada.TheOpenGLVizServersolutionusedenablesordinarydesktopusersrunningIRIX, Linux, SolarisorWindowsNToperatingsystemstoalsouseallthefunctionsoftheSGIOnyx3000seriesofhigh-performancevisualizationsystems.Thissolutionenablesalargenumberofnetworkuserstosharedata, computingpower, andvisualizationsystemresourcesonthegridthroughthegrid.Theso-calledgridcomputingisamethodofinterconnectingvariouscomputingresourcesdistributedindifferentgeographicallocations, suchassupercomputers, clusters, storagesystems, andvisualizationsystems, throughtheInternetoradedicatednetwork, pour former une ressource comme un tout. experimentusedaSGIOnyxseriesvisualizationsystemlocatedintheMcConnellBrainImageResearchCenterofMcConnellUniversity, andremotelyoperatedvariousgraphicdisplayandoperationfunctionsgeneratedbythissystemfromacity100to1,900milesawayfromthecenter.TheresultsoftheexperimentonceagainconfirmedthatthedesktopworkstationcaninteractivelyaccessthegraphicsgeneratedonaSGIOnyxseriessysteminMontreal.Thevisualizationserviceenablesanyusertointeractwiththesupercomputingresultsthroughthegrid.ScientistsacrossCanadacanusethevisualizationresourcesofcomputinganywhereinCanada, andcaninteractivelyvisualizetheseresourcesontheirdesktopcomputers.SGIcompanyheldthecompany'svisualizationsummitattheGlasgowScienceCenter, duringwhichSGIshowedtheaudiencethelatestdevelopmentoftheconceptofvisualizationareanetworkinavividway.Withavisualareanetwork, scientistsandengineerscanstoreandprocessdatainoneplace;. puis, everyonecanuseanyclientdeviceonthenetworktooperatethesedataindividuallyorcollaborativelythroughtheexistingnetwork, chirurgiens, science entistes,ingénieursettechniciensinnovantsdumonde entierpeuvent profiter desfonctionspuissantesdesordinateurshauteperformance.
Technologie de clé
Service de noms et technologie de récupération des ressources
Foramonitoringandmanagementplatformthatmanageshundredsofthousandsofcameraresources, itcanquicklyretrieveresourcesIsaveryimportantissue.Theadvanced "nameservice" methodisadoptedinthedesign, whichcaneffectivelyrealizetheunifiednamingandfastretrievalofallresources.Theimplementationplanistodefineanindependentnameandattributeforeachcamera.Theattributesincludecamera-relatedcodingequipment (suchasDVR), controlequipment (suchasmatrix), storageandbackupequipment (suchasNVR), andmediaforwardingequipment (suchasmedia) .server) information (suchasIPaddress, portnumber, ChannelNumber) .Thesystemcanusethreemethodstodisplayandretrievethecamera: searchbyname (prise en charge de la recherche floue), recherche par catalogue de ressources et recherche par service d'information géographique SIG. .
Intégrationtechnologiedematériel hétérogène
Forprovincialvideosurveillancesystems, TheFront-endcameras, codeurs, controllersandalarmequipmentusedwillfaceavarietyofmanufacturersandModelintegrationproblem.Forexample, thereare8networkvideoserversuppliersshortlistedinGuangzhou, morethan10digitalharddiskvideorecordermanufacturers, andmorethan20cameramanufacturers.SincethereiscurrentlynounifiedcodingstandardandPTZcontrolprotocol, eachmanufacturer'sencodingequipmentoutputThedigitalvideoandaudiosignalsandcontrolprotocolsaredifferent, andthecontrolcommandsofeachcameraarealsodifferent.Howthemanagementplatformdisplaysandstoresthevideoandaudioinformationofthefront-enduniformly, anduniformlycontrolsthedifferentPTZdevicesofthefront-endisamajortechnicalproblem.Thisrequiresagoodsolutiontothisproblem, toachievecompleteintegrationbetweenequipmentofdifferentmanufacturers, includingthroughunifiedcommunicationprotocolconversionandmediadecodingsoftwaretoachievevideoimagesofdifferentencodingformatsontheclientworkstation; throughaunifiedvideowallThemanagementsoft Les appareils peuvent commuter et afficher les signaux vidéo transmis par les équipements des différents constructeurs du mur TV ; réaliser le contrôle des équipements PTZ frontaux des différents constructeurs grâce à une commande de contrôle unifiée.