Concept
La statistique socio-économique est une discipline qui étudie les lois et les méthodes des activités statistiques socio-économiques. La statistique socio-économique est une activité d'investigation et de recherche sur les phénomènes socio-économiques.
Laformationdelastatistiqueetl'écoledelastatistique
Intheendofprimitivesocietyandtheformationofslavesociety, thebuddingofstatisticshasappeared.Afterthecountrywasborn, therulingclassneededtounderstandthenumberofpopulation, la terre, la nourriture, andlivestockinordertorecruit, travail, andtax.Theearlieststatisticsbeganwiththemeasurementofpopulationandland.Infeudalsociety, statisticshavetakenshape, butgenerallyspeaking, theirdevelopmenthasbeenslow.Intheperiodofrisingcapitalism, withthedevelopmentofeconomyandcultureandthegradualsocializationofproduction, statisticsgraduallyexpandedtoindustry, agriculture, andcommerce.Whenthiskindofstatisticalactivitydevelopedtoacertainstage, peoplebegantosummarizetheexperienceofstatisticalpractice, graduallyformedarelativelysystematicknowledgeofstatisticaltheory, andproducedstatistics.Theearlieststatisticalworkgenerallyrecognizedis "PoliticalArithmetic" parW.Pei,Angleterreen1676. xistingforalongtimehavebeenformedinthehistoryofstatistics.Thecommonpointofthetwouniversityschoolsisthattheybothusesocialeconomyastheresearchobject; thedifferenceiswhethertoregardquantitativeresearchasthebasicfeatureofthisdiscipline.Aftertwohundredyearsofcontroversy, itwasnotuntilthemiddleofthe19thcenturythatstatistics, asascienceofquantitativeanalysisofsocio-economicphenomena, wasrecognizedbythesociety.Beforethedisputebetweenthepoliticalarithmeticschoolandthenationalpowerschoolwascompletelyresolved, theBelgianLAKeitel (1796 ~ 1874) ensa "SocialPhysics: OrontheDevelopmentofHumanTalent" (1869) andotherworks, Probabilitytheoryintroducedstatistics, openedupanewfieldofstatistics, andgraduallyformedanindependentsubject, namelymathematicalstatistics.Therearemanystatisticalschoolsintheworld.Theschoolofmathematicalstatisticsbelievesthatstatisticsismathematicalstatistics, abranchofmodernappliedmathematics, andamethodsystemcommonlyusedtostudythequantitativecharacteristicsofrandomnaturalphenomenaandsocialphenomena . Mathematicalstatisticshasmadegreatprogressintheory, methodandapplicationinrecentdecades.Thesocialstatisticsschoolbelievesthattheresearchobjectofstatisticsissocialphenomena, andthepurposeistostudytheinternalconnectionsandinterrelationshipsofsocialphenomena.K.MarxandF.Engelsarethefoundersofsocialistsocioeconomicstatisticaltheory.InleadingtherevolutionarymovementoftheFirstInternational, theyproposedthattheproletariatmustestablishitsownstatisticsasabasisforunderstandingthestatusoftheworkingclassinvariouscountries, exposingthenatureofthecapitalistsystem, andformulatingstrategiesandstrategiesfortheinternationallabormovement.Leninoncepointedoutthatsocio-economicstatisticsisoneofthepowerfulweaponsforunderstandingsocietyandoneoftheimportanttoolsforstatesupervision.Helaidthefoundationforthetheoreticalconstruction, systemconstruction, andorganizationconstructionofstatisticsintheworld'sfirstsocialistcountry.MaoZedongemphasizedseekingtruthfromfacts, investigationandresearch, andregarded "payingattentiontobas icstatistiques"commeunedesméthodesdetravailducomitéduparti.
Caractéristiquesetdivisions
Themainfeaturesofsocioeconomicstatisticsare: ①Quantity.Includingthenumberofsocio-economicphenomena, thequantitativerelationshipbetweenphenomena, andthequantitativelimitofthemutualchangeofquality.Socio-economicstatisticsreflectthestatusquoofthesequantitativeaspectsandtheirdevelopmentandchangeprocessinaqualitativeconnection.②Totality.Thatis, theoverallquantitativeunderstandingofsocialandeconomicphenomena.③Specificity.Referstothequantitativeaspectofspecificthings.Itstudiesthequantitativeperformanceofspecificthingsatacertaintime, lieu, andcondition.Therefore, itisalwayscloselyrelatedtothenatureofthephenomenon.④Sociality.Socio-economicphenomenaaretheconditions, processesandresultsofhumansocialactivities.Theyareallconscioussocialactivitiesofhumanbeings, andtheyareallrelatedtopeople'sinterests. Lesujetdesstatistiquessocioéconomiquesestaussisocial.
Theresultsofsocialandeconomicstatisticalactivitiesinclude: ①Statistics; ②Statisticalmethods.Duringthedevelopmentofsocioeconomicstatistics, heonceincludedtheresultsofthesetwoaspectsinhisresearchscope.Theactualdevelopmentsituationshowsthattheresearchfieldofsocio-economicstatisticsisgraduallydevelopingtowardsthelatter.Ithasbecomeamethodologicaldisciplineforunderstandingthequantitativeaspectsofsocio-economicphenomena.Socio-economicstatisticsisamultidisciplinarysubject.Itsbasicsub-disciplinesare: PrinciplesofSocialEconomicStatistics, EconomicStatistics, SocialStatistics, DepartmentalStatisticsandStatisticalHistory.Indepartmentalstatistics, itisdividedintodemographicstatistics, agriculturalstatistics, industrialstatistics, educationalstatistics, culturalstatistics, andhealthstatistics.
Relationsaveclesautresdisciplines
Inadditiontotheclosetiesbetweenstatisticsineachdepartmentandthecorrespondingdepartmentdisciplines, socioeconomicstatisticsasawholeiscloselyrelatedtophilosophy, politicaleconomy, andmathematics.Therelationshipistheclosest.Theprinciplethatmatteristhefirstinphilosophy, thelawoftheunityofoppositesofthings, theuniversalconnectionofthingsandtheviewofcontinuousdevelopment, etc., arethebasisformanymethodsdiscussedinsocioeconomicstatistics.Socio-economicstatisticsalsotakestheeconomicrelationsandeconomiclawsrevealedbythesocio-economictheoreticalsciencesasitstheoreticalguidance.Forexample, specificstatisticalindicatorssuchastotaloutputvalue, netoutputvalue, les salaires, les bénéfices, andlaborproductivityallreflectcertaineconomiccategories.Whendeterminingtheirconceptsandscopeofcalculation, theyarealsobasedontherelevantprinciplesexpoundedbypoliticaleconomy.Socio-economicstatisticsalsousesmathematicalmethods, includingmathematicalstatistics, tocarryoutrigorousquantitativedescriptionandquantitativeanalysis .Insocialeconomicphe nomena, de nombreuses relations quantitatives peuvent être étudiées à l'aide de certains modèles mathématiques.