Définition
Spiritualcivilizationistheprogressthatpeoplehavemadeinthesubjectiveworldintheprocessoftransformingtheobjectiveworld, whichismainlymanifestedinthedevelopmentofeducation, la science, andculturalknowledgeandpeople'sthinking, Theimprovementofpoliticalandmoralstandards.Thesocialistspiritualcivilizationandthespiritualcivilizationinhistoryhavebothhistoricalconnectionsandessentialdifferences.SocialistspiritualcivilizationisguidedbyMarxism.Itsdevelopmentrequiresmaterialcivilizationtoprovidematerialconditionsandpracticalexperience.Itsdevelopmentprovidesspiritualpower, intellectualsupportandideologicalguaranteeforthedevelopmentofmaterialcivilization.ThesocialistspiritualcivilizationisanimportantfeatureofasocialistsocietyandanindispensableaspectofasocialistsocietywithChinesecharacteristics.Aftertheentirepartyshifteditsfocustomodernization, theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinahasrepeatedlypointedout: Whilebuildingahigh-levelmaterialcivilization, wemustworkhardtobuildahigh-levelsocialistspiritualcivil Il s'agit d'une politique stratégique pour la construction du socialisme.
Processus de développement
TheearliestclearproposaltobuildsocialistspiritualcivilizationwasattheFourthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaheldfromSeptember25to28,1979.YeJianyingpreparedtoProposedinaspeechatthecelebrationofthe30thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Inthisspeech, YeJianyingsaidthatwhilebuildingahigh-levelmaterialcivilization, wemustraisethelevelofeducation, la science, cultureandhealthofthewholepeople, establishloftyrevolutionaryidealsandrevolutionarymorals, developanobleandcolorfulculturallife, andbuildahigh-levelsociety.Philosophyofspiritualcivilization.Theseareallimportantgoalsofoursocialistmodernization, andtheyarealsonecessaryconditionsfortherealizationofthefourmodernizations.AttheCentralWorkingConferenceheldonDecember20,1980, theconstructionofspiritualcivilizationwaslistedasanimportanttopicforresearchanddiscussion.DengXiaopingpointedoutinhisspeechentitled "ImplementingtheAdjustmentPolicyandEnsuringStabilityandUnity": "Thesocialistcountrywewanttobuildmustno non seulement avoir un degré élevé de civilisation matérielle, mais aussi un degré élevé de civilisation spirituelle. " " Il n'y a pas une telle civilisation spirituelle ".
Enjuin 1981, la sixième session plénière du onzième comité central du parti communiste de Chine a examiné et approuvé la résolution " sur le parti " sur certaines questions historiques " a également résumé
InApril1982, DengXiaopingdiscussedthe "DecisionsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilonCombatingSeriousCriminalActivitiesintheEconomicField" atthePolitburooftheCentralCommittee.Hedeliveredaspeechentitled "ResolutelyCombatingEconomicCrimes", andforthefirsttimeproposedthattheconstructionofsocialistspiritualcivilizationisoneofthe "fournecessaryguarantees" foradheringtothesocialistroad.InJulyofthesameyear, DengXiaopingclarifiedthefundamentaltaskoftheconstructionofsocialistspiritualcivilizationinhisspeechattheforumoftheMilitaryCommission: Themainthingistomakeourpeopleofallethnicgroupsbecome idéal, éthique, éduquée, anddisciplined. Thepeople.InSeptemberofthesameyear, HuYaobangmadeacomprehensivediscussiononsocialistspiritualcivilizationinhisreportattheParty's12thNationalCongress, pointingoutthatsocialistspiritualcivilizationisanimportantfeatureofsocialismandanimportantmanifestationofthesuperiorityofthesocialistsystem.Taketheconstructionofahigh-levelsocialistspiritualcivilizationasanaspectofourparty'sgoal.Itisastrategicpolicyofthepartytobuildahighlevelofspiritualcivilizationwhilebuildingmaterialcivilization.Healsopointedoutthatwhetherornottoadheretosuchapolicywillhaveabearingontheriseandfallofsocialismandthesuccessorfailureofsocialism.Thereportsummarizesthecontentofsocialistspiritualcivilizationintotwomajoraspects: ideologicalconstructionandculturalconstruction.Itpointsoutthatbuildingsocialistspiritualcivilizationisthetaskofthewholepartyandthecommontaskofallfronts; theideologicalconstructionoftheCommunistPartyissocialistspiritualcivilization.Pillarsofconstruction.
Lorsque DengXiaoping a rencontré le secrétaire américain au Trésor Donald Reganon le 17 novembre 1981, DengXiaoping a déclaré : ce qu'on appelle « hautement civilisé » signifie que les gens doivent avoir des idéaux et que leurs intérêts personnels doivent être subordonnés à l'ensemble du pays et de la nation.
Enoctobre1984,latroisièmesessionplénièredudouzièmecomitécentralduparticommunistedeChineadoptala«décisionducomitécentralduparticommunistedeChinesurlaréformedusystèmeéconomique»,quimettaitlemodedeviecivilisé,sainetscientifiqueformédelasociété.
InSeptember1986, theSixthPlenarySessionofthe12thCentralCommitteeofthePartypassedthe "ResolutionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaontheGuidelinesfortheConstructionofSocialistSpiritualCivilization." Theresolutionfurtherclarifiedthestrategicposition, fundamentaltasksandbasicguidelinesoftheconstructionofsocialistspiritualcivilizationinaccordancewiththeprincipleofcombiningthebasicprinciplesofMarxismwiththerealityofChina, andpointedoutthatthesocialistspiritualcivilizationguidedbyMarxismisasocialistsociety.AnimportantfeatureoftheChineseCommunistPartyisanindispensableandimportantaspectofasocialistsocietywithChinesecharacteristics.Buildingasocialistspiritualcivilizationisarequirementforresolvingthemaincontradictionsinasocialistsocietyandrealizingthefundamentalgoalofsocialism.Itisoneofthemostimportantguaranteesforustosticktothesocialistroadandcarryoutmodernization.Oursocialistspiritualcivilizationconstructionshouldpromotesocialistmodernization, promotecomprehensivereformsandopentotheoutsi deworld, whichisconducivetoadheringtothefourbasicprinciples.Thefundamentaltaskoftheconstructionofsocialistspiritualcivilizationistomeettheneedsofsocialistmodernization, cultivateideal, morales, instruits, anddisciplinedsocialistcitizens, andimprovetheideological, moral, andscientificandculturalqualitiesoftheentireChinesenation.InJanuary1996, theCentralCommitteedeterminedthattheconstructionofspiritualcivilizationismainlytheconstructionofideology, moralityandcultureasthemaintopicoftheSixthPlenarySessionofthe14thCentralCommittee.InOctober1996, theSixthPlenarySessionofthe14thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinareviewedandpassedthe Les clearlypointedoutthattheguidingideologyfortheconstructionofsocialistspiritualcivilizationis "Résolution" "ResolutionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralImportantIssuesConcerningStrengtheningtheConstructionofSocialistSpiritualCivilization.": guidedbyMarxism, léninisme, MaoZedongThoughtandDengXiaoping'stheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics, adh eretotheparty'sbasiclineandbasicpolicy, andstrengthenideologicalandmoralconstructionDevelopeducation, scienceandculture, armpeoplewithscientifictheories, guidepeoplewithcorrectpublicopinion, shapepeoplewithanoblespirit, inspirepeoplewithexcellentworks, andcultivatesocialistcitizenswithideals, la morale, la culture, anddiscipline, Improvetheideologicalandmoralqualityandscientificandculturalqualityofthewholenation, uniteandmobilizethepeopleofallethnicgroupstobuildourcountryintoaprosperous, démocratique, andcivilizedmodernsocialistcountry.
idéologie directrice
La "résolution" putsforwardthemaingoalofspiritualcivilizationconstructioninthenext15yearsis: tofirmlyestablishthecommonidealofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsinthewholenation, andfirmlyestablishtheadherencetothepartyUnshakableandfirmbeliefinthebasiclineofthePeople'sRepublicofChina, toachieveasignificantimprovementinthequalityofcitizenswithideologicalandethicalaccomplishment, scientificeducationlevel, andtheconceptofdemocracyandlegalsystemasthemaincontent, andasignificantimprovementinthequalityofculturallifewiththemainrequirementsofbeingactive, sain, coloré, andservingthepeopleImproved, thelevelofurbanandruralcivilizationmarkedbysocialatmosphere, publicorder, andlivingenvironmenthasbeensignificantlyimproved; agoodsituationofcoordinateddevelopmentofmaterialcivilizationconstructionandspiritualcivilizationconstructionhasbeenformednationwide.
TheSixthPlenarySessionofthe14thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaproposedthatthegoalofimprovingthequalityofcitizensandthelevelofurbancivilizationshouldbecarriedouttocreateacivilizedcity; thegoalistoimprovethequalityoffarmers, developawell-offsociety, andbuildanewsocialistcountryside.Carryoutactivitiesforcreatingcivilizedvillagesandtowns; forthepurposeofservingthepeopleandcontributingtosociety, carryoutactivitiesforcreatingcivilizedindustries.Itisnecessarytovigorouslypublicizetheadvancedcollectivesandadvancedfiguresthathaveemergedinthemodernizationdrive, andformanatmosphereofadvocatingandlearningadvancedinthewholesociety.Allactivitiesforthecreationofspiritualcivilizationmustseekpracticalresultsandresolutelyopposeformalism.TheplenarysessionalsodecidedtoestablishtheCentralMentalCivilizationConstructionSteeringCommittee.Allprovinces, autonomousregions, andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentmayestablishcorrespondinginstitutions.
Conformément à une série de directives et de politiques du Comité Central du Parti Communiste de Chine sur la construction de la civilisation spirituelle, une activité de masse à grande échelle pour la construction de la civilisation spirituelle socialiste a été progressivement menée dans tout le pays.
OnFebruary25,1981,9unitsincludingtheAll-ChinaFederationofTradeUnions, theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistYouthLeague, THEALL-ChinaWomen'sFederation, andtheAll-ChinaFederationofLiteraryandArtFederationsjointlyissuedthe "ProposalonCarryingoutCivilizedandPoliteActivities" tothepeopleofthewholecountry, especiallytheyouth, Carryoutthe "fivestressesandfourbeauties" civilizedandpoliteactivitiesthatfocusoncivilization, politesse, hygiène, ordre, moralityandspiritualbeauty, languagebeauty, behaviorbeauty, andenvironmentalbeauty, sothatthesocialatmosphereandmoraloutlookofmycountry'surbanandruralareashaveafundamentalfoundation. Par la suite, une activité de masse pour édifier une civilisation spirituellesocialiste avec « cinq stress et quatre beautés » comme contenu principal a été lancée à travers le pays. Le 30 mars 1983, le Comité Central des « Cinq Stress, Quatre Beautés et Trois Amours » a été officiellement créé.
En 1995, thePropagandaDepartmentoftheCentralCommitteeandtheMinistryofAgriculturecarriedoutactivitiestocreatespiritualcivilizationinruralareas, focusingonthecreationofcivilizedfamilies, civilizedvillagesandtowns, andcivilizedtownshipenterprises.Inthefourthquarterof1996, tenmajor "windowindustries" anddepartmentsincludingrailways, aviationcivile, transport, postandtelecommunications, santé, domestictrade, electricpower, publicsecurity, construction, andfinancetooktheleadinimplementingthethemeof "ServingthePeopleandBuildingaNewTrendintheIndustry" Forthecreationofcivilizedindustryactivities, morethan150measurestoimproveservicesandmorethan300civilizedservicedemonstrationwindowunitshavebeensuccessivelyintroduced, whichhavereceivedgeneralattentionandenthusiasticsupportfromallwalksoflife.InJanuary1997, thepressannounced41spiritualcivilizationdemonstrationunitsinthenationalnewssystem, andthePressandPublicationAdministrationandChinaPublishersAssociationjointlyannounced10spiritualcivilizationdemonstrationunitsinXi nhualibrairies à travers le pays. En mai de la même année, dix grandes industries, dont les affaires civiles, l'industrie et le commerce, le tourisme, la justice et la conservation de l'eau, ont également annoncé à la société des unités de démonstration de services civilisés, des normes de service et des mesures de surveillance.
InMarch1997, thedemonstrationsitesforthecreationofcivilizedcitiesandcivilizedvillagesandtownswereofficiallylaunched.TheCentralPropagandaDepartmentannounced100demonstrationsitesforthecreationofcivilizedcitiesand200demonstrationsitesforthecreationofcivilizedvillagesandtowns.Thecivilizedcitydemonstrationsiteshave55communities, 44streetsand3urbanareas.Thedemonstrationsitesofcivilizedvillagesandtownsinclude50counties, 50townshipsand100villages.Sofar, thethreemajoractivitiesofcreatingcivilizedcities, civilizedvillagesandtowns, andcivilizedindustrieshaveformedanetworkofdemonstrationsites, andtheworkofdemonstrationsiteshasbeenfullyrolledout.
Dansleprocessusdelaconstructiondelacivilisationspirituellesocialiste,deshérostelsqueJiangZhuying,LuoJianfu,ZhuBoru,KongFansen,LiSuli,LiGuoan,ZouYanling,ZhangjiagangCity, Jinan TrafficPolice Detachment,etXuwerCity
Enjuillet1997,l'activité«Parlerdecivilisationetconstruireunnouveaustyle»déployéeparleComitéd'orientationCentraleCivilisationMentaleConstructiona été vigoureusement menée dans tout le pays, ce qui indique que les activités de création de civilisations spirituelles de masse s'étendent et s'approfondissent.
Position stratégique
Highlydevelopedspiritualcivilizationisanimportantstrategicgoalofsocialistmodernizationandanimportantstrategiclinkintheconstructionofsocialistspiritualmodernization.Spiritualcivilizationisanimportantguaranteeforthedevelopmentofmaterialcivilizationandmodernizationintherightdirection.Thematerialproductionofsocietyisalwaysinseparablefromcertainsocialproductionrelations, andisalwaysaffectedandrestrictedbycertainsocialpoliticalthoughtsandmoralconcepts.Modernizationcannotdeviatefromthedirectionofsocialism.Thesocialistspiritualcivilizationprovidesstrongspiritualpowerandintellectualsupportforreform, openingup, andmodernization.Thecauseofsocialismmustgivefullplaytoandrelyontheenthusiasmandcreativityofthepeople.Inordertoachievethis, inadditiontocontinuouslysatisfyingthepeople'smaterialinterestsandrequirements, italsorequireseducationinideals, croyances, andmorals.Thesocialistspiritualcivilizationcreatesagoodandstablesocialenvironmentandsocialorderformodernization.Theformationofsolidarity, mutualassistance, equalityandfraternityinthewholesociety, theestablishmentofthelegalsystem, andthecrackdownonvariousillegalcrimesareconducivetocreatingagoodatmosphereforeconomicconstruction.ThesocialistspiritualcivilizationisalsoanimportantspiritualconditionforsocialistChinatowintheadvantagecomparedwithcapitalism, andtorealizetheChinesenation'stake-offintheworld.Throughtheconstructionofspiritualcivilization, vigorouslydevelopculturalandeducationalundertakings, acceleratethescientificmodernizationprocess, improvethequalityofworkers, andcultivatealargenumberoftalentsurgentlyneededinmodernizationconstruction, wecanensurethesmoothrealizationofourmodernizationstrategygoals.