Dynastie Qi du Nord

Nom du pays

ThenationaltitleofNorthernQiwasoriginally "Qi", whichoriginatedfromGaoYang'stitlename.TheNorthernQibuiltbyGaoYangoriginallybelongedtotheQiland.AfterWeiwasproclaimedtheemperor, heused "Qi" asthenameofthecountry.AndbecausetheNorthernQiDynastyislocatedinthenorth, ithasthesamenameas "SouthernQi" todistinguishitfrom "SouthernQi", soitiscalled "NorthernQi" .GaoYangestablishedtheNorthernQiDynastyin550, whichis48yearslaterthantheSouthernQiDynastyfrom479to502, soitiscalled Houqi .BecausethesurnameoftheNorthernQiimperialfamilyishigh, itiscalled Gaoqi inordertodistinguishXiaoQi.

Histoire

Gao règne dans la dynastie Wei

GaoHuanwasapowerministerintheEasternWeiDynastyduringtheSouthernandNorthernDynastiesandtheactualfounderoftheNorthernQiDynasty.HeplayedadecisiveroleintheestablishmentoftheEasternWeiDynasty..GaoHuanisadeepmanandrichinstrategy.Makegooduseofpeople.Strictlygoverningthearmy, Shilewasputtodeath.AfterdestroyingtheErzhufamilywhocontrolledWeizheng, hesupportedEmperorXiaowuoftheNorthernWeiDynasty, butEmperorXiaowuwasunwillingtodoso.HewantedtorelyonYuwentaiintheLonggangtoeliminateGaoHuan.Theplanfailed.InthethirdyearofYongxi (534) FleetoChang'an.GaoHuanestablishedXiaojingEmperorYuanshaninLuoyangandmovedhiscapitaltoYecheng, whichwasfortheEasternWeiDynasty.Inthefollowingyear, YuwentaikilledEmperorXiaowuandLiwenEmperorYuanbaotorchwasfortheWesternWeiDynasty.TheemperorsofEasternandWesternWeiwereactuallypuppetsmanipulatedbyGaoHuanandYuWentairespectively.

GaoCheng est l'aîné de GaoHuan.Après GaoHuancapturé Yechengin531, il a établi himastheeldson.

GaoHuan est décédé. GaoCheng a été nommé par l'empereur Xiaojing Yuan Shanjiana, le premier ministre chargé de superviser les affaires militaires de la Chine et des pays étrangers, a enregistré Shangshu, Daxingtai, et a hérité du trône de son père Bohai.

GaoChengneverpaidattentiontoEmperorXiaojing.InstructedCuiJishutomonitorWeiDi'severymoveandreporttohimatanytime.InApriloftheSeventhYearofWudingintheEasternWeiDynasty (549 années), GaoChengreceivedaspecialgift, namedQiWang, Xiangguo, andpaidhomagetotheTempleofUnknownSwordsman.InAugust549, GaoChengonceagaincametoYecheng, invitinghisbuddiestoplottousurpthethrone.Onthe8thdayofAugust, GaoChengandhisconfidantdiscussedthematterofreceivingZensecretly.Inordertopreventtheleakageofsecrets, mostoftheguardsweresentout.HischefLanJingseizedthisopportunityandwaitedfortheopportunitytohackGaoChengtodeath.

Établir la dynastie Qi du Nord

GaoYangisthesecondsonofGaoHuanandthesamemotherandbrotherofGaoCheng, anofficialoftheEasternWeiDynasty.Whenhewasyoung, hisappearancewasnotgood, andhewastaciturn.Infact, hewasverywiseandclever.Althoughhewasoccasionallylaughedatorplayedwithbyhisbrothers, histalentswereappreciatedbyhisfather.IntheseventhyearofWudingintheEasternWeiDynasty (549), afterGaoChengwasassassinatedbyLanJing, GaoYangfirmlygraspedpower.YuanShan, EmperorXiaojingoftheEasternWeiDynasty, hadnochoicebuttomakehimtheprimeministerandkingofQi.PlantoreplaceWeiLiguo.InMayofthefollowingyear, GaoyangZenbecametheemperorofWeiDynasty, thetitleofthecountrywasQi, andtheYuanTianbaowaschangedtotheNorthernQiDynastyinhistory.

WhenGaoYangassumedthethroneintheearlydays, hewasmorecautiousandruledbylaw.Althoughhewashonoredandhonored, hisrelativeswerenottolerant, andhispoliticswereclearandhehadtodohisbest.Mostmilitaryleadersmakedecisionsontheirown.Whenevertheyfaceabattle, theyactasarrowsandhavemeritineverything.Atthistime, theagriculture, saltandironindustry, andporcelainmanufacturingintheNorthernQiDynastywerequitedeveloped, andtheyweretherichestamongthethreecountriesthatwerebuilttogetherwiththeChenandtheWesternWeiDynasty.

DuringGaoYang'sreign, therelationshipbetweentheNorthernQiandNorthernZhouDynastywasrelativelystable, soitwasabletoconcentrateitsmilitaryandfinancialresourcestoexpandnorthandsouth.AfterthethreeyearsofTianbao (552), hewentoutoftheprefectureyearafteryear, andhefoughtoffandcapturedalotofpeople.InthefouryearsofTianbao (553 années), theKhitanwasdefeatedandcapturedmorethan100,000peopleandmillionsofmiscellaneousanimals.DefeatedtheshanhuinthefiveyearsofTianbao (554) .TianbaodefeatedRouranforfivetosixconsecutiveyearsandbuilttheGreatWallformorethan900milesfromYouzhoutoHengzhou.ThecaptureofalargenumberofpeopleandlivestockwillcontributetothestrengtheningofthenationalstrengthoftheNorthernQiDynasty.AfterLiangZhengdangintheSouthernDynastiesandHouJing'srebellion, thecountrydeclinedsharply.InthethirdyearofTianbao (552 années), thesoldiersoftheNorthernQiDynastyarrivedattheYangtzeRiverinthesouth.Afterthat, deux soldats sont venus construire Kangcheng, et ils ont tous deux été repoussés par Chen Bafirst, mais leur territoire s'était étendu à Huainan, et le Chend ynasty a finalement été limité par le fleuve Yangtze.

Butinthelaterperiodofhisreign, GaoYanglivedinadesolatelife, caressedaboutlife, ignoredstateaffairsallday, andindulgedhimselfindrinkinganddrinking.HebuiltthethreepalacesinthecapitalcityYe, whichwasveryluxuriousandused100,000civilians.Extremelyextravagant.InthelaterperiodofGaoYang'sreign, theoppressionofthepeoplewasevenheavier.Thecorruptionofgovernmentandthedeclineofnationalpowerhaveweakenedthearmy.TheNorthernQigenerationreactedtotheSinicizationpolicysinceEmperorWeiXiaowen, andXianbeibecamedominant, whichhasalottodowithGaoYang.However, althoughhewasfaintandtortured, hewasstillabletoemployHanpeople, suchasYangYanastheZaifu, "ItreallydependsonYantomaintaintherescue." Par conséquent, thereisasayingthat "themasterisfaintedatthetop, et la politique est au fond". Heureusement, les ministres et autres présidents président aux affaires de l'état, afin que le pays ne soit pas assujetti. a proclamé l'empereur.

Le trône de la relève

L'empereur abandonné GaoYinde la dynastie Qi du Nord, le fils aîné de l'empereur Wenxuan de la dynastie Qi du Nord, et sa mère biologique était l'Impératrice Li.

EmperorXiaozhaooftheNorthernQiDynastywasahighperformer, withadeepandsmartpersonality.GaoHuan'ssixsons, motherLouZhaojun.EmperorWenXuanhasthesamemotherandbrother.GaoYanisgoodatpoliticalskillsandisgoodatunderstandingthedetailsofthings; hebegantoparticipateinthegovernmentduringthenaturalprotectionperiod, andhispoliticalexperiencehasgraduallymaturedandenriched.Hehasalwaysbeenfavoredbyhisbrother, andwhenEmperorWenxuanwasdying, heorderedGaoyantotakecareofthenewmonarchGaoYin.WhentheEmperorFeicametothethrone, hetookchargeofthegovernment.In560, GaoYanlaunchedacoupd'etat, abolishedandkilledGaoYinascendedtothethroneoftheemperor, andchangedtheYuanHuangjian.DuringGaoyan'sreign, theemperorpaidattentiontopoliticalaffairs, activelyseekingandappointingtalentstoservethecourt, caringaboutpeople'slivelihood, méprisant les punitions et envoyant des ambassadeurs visiter les provinces, observant les coutumes, interrogeant les gens sur leurs difficultés et testant. L'année suivante, il prit le trône, Gao Yan et souffrit d'une grave maladie.

TheEmperorWuchengoftheNorthernQiDynasty, GaoZhan (537-568), hadasoftpersonality.ItisGaoHuan'sninthsonandmotherLouZhaojun.EmperorXiaozhaoplayedthesamemotherandbrother.Hewasalsolovedbyhisfatherwhenhewasyoung.AfterthefoundingoftheNorthernQiDynasty, hewasnamedtheKingofChangguangbyEmperorWenxuan.AfterEmperorXiaozhaoGaoyansucceededtothethrone, hewasveryfondofhim, andhispowerwasinthehandsoftheopposition.SoonGaoYanbecameseriouslyill.Whenhewasdying, inordertopreventhissonGaoBainianfromgettingahighfate, hepersuadedhimnottofollowsuitbykillinghisnephewandsucceedinghim.Hedecidedtopasshisyoungerbrother, butGaoBainianwasstillkilled.In561, GaoZhansucceededtothethroneandchangedYuanTainingtobecomeEmperorWucheng.EmperorWuChengwasfaintandincompetent, indulgedinbeauty, anddidnotthinkaboutnationalaffairs , et la dynastie Qi du Nord était en danger. En 565, il était situé dans les hautes latitudes du prince. Depuis qu'il est devenu empereur, il est finalement mort à cause d'une consommation excessive d'alcool. ameisShizu.

Favoriser le traître

NorthernQiwastheXianbeiregimeinthelateNorthernDynasties.TheemperorsoftheNorthernQiDynastyweremostlyfaint, licentiousandshameless.Onthecontrary, thecourthasseenalargenumberoftreacherousvillains, suchasMutipo, Heshikai, andGaoAnakhang, whohavethepowertomaketroublesandacceleratethecorruptionofthegovernment.ThenumberofofficialsintheNorthernQiDynastyisaveryprominentphenomenoninhistory.RegardlessofwhetherEmperorWuChengwasdealingwithmajornationalaffairsintheforeigndynastyorbanquetingintheinnercourt, hecouldn'tdowithouthim.Heeitherentersthepalaceatatimeanddoesnotgohomeforafewmonths, orentersthepalaceseveraltimesaday, orisimmediatelypardonedafterheisreleased.Thefavorhereceivesisincreasingdaybyday.Hisactionsandwordsareverycontemptuous, onlytoplease.EmperorWuchengwasabletodothings, andtherewasnocourtesybetweentheemperorandhissubjects.HeoncepersuadedEmperorWuChengtosay: "Sinceancienttimes, emperorshaveallturnedintoashes, Yao ,Shun,etJieZhou,quelles sont lesdifférences?Votre Majesté,vous devriez profiter de vos mains la force,etamusez-vous,vivez heureusement une dizaine de milliers d'années,etl'état et les commandes de l'État.

Le pouvoir de Shikai a été répandu dans le champ, le népotisme, couplé à l'adultère de plus en plus exposé avec la reine mère Hu, a suscité l'indignation du prince Langya Wang GaoYan, et a essayé par tous les moyens de se débarrasser de He Shikai.

LangyaKingGaoyanandotherswereready.TheprincefirstannouncedastatementtoimpeachandShikai, listalargenumberofcrimes, andrequesttheLordGaoweitodealwithit.Then, FengZicongclippedthetabletomanyotherofficialdocumentsandpresentedittothepostmaster.Thelord, whohadalwaysignoredthepoliticalaffairs, didnotevenlookatit, andwithastrokeofhispen, heapprovedtodoso.Afterthat, theleadinggeneral, Kudivlian, ambushed50soldiersoutsidethegateofthesacredbeast.ThemomentHeTukaijuststeppedintothedoor, heswarmedup, capturedhimandbeheadedimmediately.Afterthemasterheardaboutit, althoughheregrettedit, hecouldn'thelpit.Itissaidthatafterthedeathofthewarrior, thewholecityofLuoyangrejoiced.

MuDipo est le fils de LuLingxuan. Son nom est Luo. Parce que sa mère est la mère de la reine de Qi, elle était favorisée par la reine MuZhaoyi. Elle a présenté le serviteur et a donné le nom de famille à Mu et adoré le Zuo officiel.

ZhuJianLiangzong

HuLuguang, afamousgeneralinthenorth.AnativeofShuozhou (ShanxiShuoCounty), Gaochetribe.Borningeneral.Beginningasacaptain, hewasgoodatridingandshooting, andwasnamed "CaptainofFallingEagles." Afterworshipingthegeneral, theTaiFu, theprimeministerontheright, andtheprimeministerontheleft.Heisbraveandgoodatfighting.Inthenearly20yearsofwarwiththeNorthernZhouDynasty, hehascommandedbattlesmanytimesandwon.InDecemberofthefifthyearoftheNorthernQiDynasty (569), theZhouarmybesiegedYiyangandcutofftheQiJunliangRoad.InthefirstmonthofthefirstyearofWuping (570), herode30, 000horsestobreaktheYiyangZhouarmy, andthenpassthegraintransportation; Zhouarmyresumedtheattack, heledthebattle, andwontheprofit, capturedtheNorthernZhouKaifuyiTongSansiYuWenyingandsoon.InthesecondyearofWuping (571), heledthecrowdtobuildfortificationsinPinglongandotherplacestofightagainsttheNorthernZhouhussargeneralWeiXiaokuanwholedtensofthousandsofhorsemenonfoot.Heranthearmystrictlyandwisely, tookthelead, notforpersonalgain, andwasrespectedbyhissubordinates.

WeiXiaokuan, afamousgeneralintheNorthernZhouDynasty, couldnotwinthebattlewithHuLuguang.HeknewthatGaoweiwasmediocre.HealsoheardthatHuLuguanghadagapwithZuTingandotherofficials, sohecreatedrumorsofHuLuguangusurpingthethrone.SinginYecheng, andthesongsaid: "Hundredsoflitersflytothesky, andthebrightmoonshinesonChang'an" .BaishengmeansYihu, MingyueisthewordforHuluguang, andrumorsimplythatHuluguanghasthehearttousurpthethrone.ZuTingandotherstooktheopportunitytoslanderGaoWeiandinstructedpeopletofalselyaccuseHuLuguangforrebellion.

EnjuindelatroisièmeannéedeWuping(572),GaoweigadonneàHuluguangaunefausserécompenseaucheval,etluiademandédevisiterDongshanledeuxièmejour,l'attireraupalaisetletuer.

Thegovernmentandthepeopledeploredtheself-destroyingofthepillarsofQihouGaowei.However, EmperorWuZhouwasextremelypleasedtoreceivethenewsofHuLuguang'smurder, andorderedanamnestytoattackYechengin577anddestroytheNorthernQiDynasty.HeissuedanedicttochaseHuLuguangasShangzhuKingdomandChongguo, andpointedtotheedictandsaidtoeveryone: "Ifthispersonishere, howcanIreachYe".

LanlingKingGaoChanggongisthefourthsonofGaoCheng.Heisbraveandgoodatfightingandhasmademanycontributions.ThemostfamousbattleofManshanMountainmadehimfamous.Oneday, whenGaoWeitalkedwithKingLanlingaboutthevictoryofMangshan, hesaid, "Beingtoodeepintothebattle, thereisnowaytoregretdefeat." KingLanlingrepliedaffectionately, "Familyaffairsarekind, andIdon'tknowit." Afterthat, Gaosaid.WeibegantowonderwhetherKingLanling, whohadmilitarypower, wantedtoreplacehim, andwantedtoturn "nationalaffairs" dans "familyaffairs." KingLanlingfeltthatthedisasterwasapproaching.Althoughherepeatedlyactedinalow Un jour de mai de la quatrième année de Wuping, GaoWeisentunenvoyépourvisiterlefrèredel'empereurGaoSuetenvoyaunverredevinempoisonné.

La dynastie Zhou du Nord a détruit le Qi

Lorsqu'il monta sur le trône, le régime Qire du Nord en décomposition avait déjà été secoué par les tempêtes, et lui-même était toujours licencieux et autoproclamé "le fils de nos.

InthesixthyearofWupingintheNorthernQiDynasty () 575 années, EmperorWuoftheNorthernZhouDynastyledhisarmytoattacktheNorthernQiDynastyandbecameateacherduetoillness.InOctoberofthefollowingyear, theNorthernQiwasre-attaqué, withYueWangYuwensheng, QiGongyuWenliang, andSuiGongYangJianastheleftthreearmies, QiaoWangYuwenjian, GeneralDouTai, andGuanghuaGongqiuChongastheleftthreearmies, QiWangYuwenxian, ChenWangYuwenispurelyaformerarmy.YuwenyongledhisarmytoJinzhouandstationedinFenqu.HeorderedYuwenxiantolead20,000soldierstoguardtheQueshuValley, Yuwenchunled20,000cavalrytroopstoguardthethousandsofmilesaway, andYuwenshengled10,000infantrycavalryguardsatFenshuiPass.DaXizhenled10,000cavalrytroopstoguardtheTongjunchuaninordertodetertheQiarmyfromJinyangfromgoingsouth; orderedHanMingtolead5,000cavalrytroopstodefendQiziling , et Yin Shengled 5 000 cavaliers vers la ville de Guzhong pour dissuader Qiin Hanoï. ackthecitieswestofFenshuiinNorthernQi, andsentNeishiWangYitocommandthemainattackonPingyangCity.WeiXianggui, thekingofHaichangoftheNorthernQiDynasty, stayedfirmlyinthecity.TheNorthernQiEmperorGaoweiledthearmyfromJinyangtoJinzhou.YuWenyongwentfromFenqutoJinzhoutosupervisethebattleunderthecity, andHouZiqinwentoutofthecitytosurrendertoZhouintheNorthernQiDynasty.CuiJingsong, thegovernoroftheNorthernQiJinzhou, defendedBeicheng.Seeingthatthereisnoback-up, pleasesurrendertotheNorthernZhouYuwenYonglingtoKaifuyiandGeneralWangGui.WangGuiqi'sdepartmentputDuanWenzhenleddozensofpeopleastheadvance, andunderCuiJingsong'sresponse, hefirstascendedthecity.Therewere8,000captivesandlieutenants.TheNorthernQiarmybrokeup, andtheNorthernZhouarmyoccupiedPingyang.InNovember, QiDiGaoweiledreinforcementstoBinhDuong. YuWenyong a vu l'armée prospère de l'armée de Qia et a conduit l'armée de l'ouest pour éviter le front. Tous les généraux de la dynastie Zhou du Nord croyaient que l'armée ne pouvait pas être retirée. hou, retained10,000troops, andorderedLiangShiyantosticktoit.TheQiarmypursuedtheretreatingZhouarmy, ZhouarmydefendersYuWenxian, YuWenxin, etc., intheblockade, QiXiaogeneralHelanLeopardandothers, QiShiretired.YuwenYongorderedYuWenxiantoleadanarmyof60,000tuninSuchuan, insolidaritywithPingyang, andleftthearmyinHedong, returningtoChang'an.AftertheZhouarmyretreated, theQiarmysurroundedPingyangandattackeditdayandnight.LiangShiyanencouragedthesoldierstoresistbravely, andrepelledtheQidivisionwithonehundred, holdingontoallsides.AfterYuwenyongreturnedtoChang'an, helearnedthattheNorthernQiarmywasinahurrytoattackPingyang En décembre, Yuwen Yong est revenu à BinhDuong. Zhou Jun a rassemblé environ 80 000 personnes, alignées près de la ville, à plus de 20 milles de l'est à l'ouest.

InthefirstyearofLonghua (576), theNorthernQiEmperorGaoweiretreatedtoJinyangafterhisdefeatinPingyang.EmperorWuofZhouledhisarmytopursuethevictory.TheNorthernQiGao'anafuledanarmyof10,000toguardthehighwall.Yuwenyongledthearmytothehighwall, GaoAnaranawaywatchingthewind.InDecember, YuwenyongandYuwenxianwereinthemeetingatJiexian.AfterforcedsurrenderofNorthQidefenderHanJianye, herushedtowardsJinyangandBeishuozhou.GaoWeiwantedtoruntotheTurks, butmanyofhisentourageswerescattered, buthewentbacktoYecheng.YuwenYongledthearmytobreakthroughJinyangandrushtowardsYecheng.AfterGaoweiretreatedtoYecheng, ZenwaslocatedinGaoheng, thecrownprince, whowaseightyearsoldatthetime.Inthefirstmonthofthesixthyear, GaoHengfledfromYechengtoJeju.YuwenyongbesiegedYecheng, burnedthewestgate , et l'armée de Qi a été vaincu. Aux hautes latitudes, une centaine de trajets vers l'est. othersfledtoQingju.YuwenyongsentWeiChiqintopursueGaoWeiandGaoHengtoQingzhou, andtogethertheydroveGaoAnadown.GaoWei, GaoHengratemorethantenridershurriedlyfledsouth, tryingtoruntotheChenDynasty, wascapturedbytheZhouarmyinNandengVillage.InFebruary, ZhouJuncapturedXinduandcapturedBeiqi, RenchengWangGaomu, GuangningWangGaoxiaohengandsoon.Subsequently, EmperorWuofZhousenttroopstoquelltheresistanceforcesinvariousplaces.NorthernQidied.TheNorthernZhouDynastyunifiedthenorth.

Territoire

La dynastie Qi du Nord a hérité du territoire contrôlé par la dynastie des Wei de l'Est, occupant les vastes régions du Hebei, du Henan, du Shandong, du Shanxi, du nord du Jiangsu et du nord de l'Anhui dans la partie inférieure de la rivière Jaune.

,NorthPoRouranandKumoXi,andSouthtookHuainan,extendingtheterritorytotheYangtzeRiver,andthenationalpoweroftheNorthernQiDynastyreacheditspeak. Après les trois années de Tianbao dans la dynastie Qi du Nord (552 ans), le Khitan et la montagne Xiping Hu , le Nord PoRouran et KumoXi, et le Sud prirent Huainan, étendant le territoire jusqu'au fleuve Yangtze, et à la puissance nationale du Nordache.

Politique

Diriger les ténèbres

NorthernQiisknownforitsextremepoliticaldarknessinChinesehistory.Xianbeiisnoble, cruelandcorrupt, causingclassandethniccontradictionstobeveryacute.Atthattime, warswerefrequentandsocialcontradictionswerecomplicated.Especiallythelaterrulers, fromtheemperortotheofficialsatalllevels, weresostupidandbrutal.Dogs, horsesandeaglesalsohadtobegivenofficialtitles, andtheaccumulatingdaywasheavy, andtheservicedaywasproliferating, resultinginexhaustionofmanpowerandemptytreasury.Classcontradictionshavebecomeincreasinglyacute, andthecontradictionswithintherulingclasshavebecomemoresuperficial.

TherulersoftheNorthernQiDynasty, apartfromGaoHuan, noonecanlivebeyondfortyyearsold.Intermsoftyrannyandfiercefornication, itisknownasthedynastyofbeasts.Amongthem, halfoftheNorthernQirulewasimpossibletorelyon, andthejudgmentwasbasedsolelyonpersonallikesanddislikesorthemoodoftheday.Alargenumberofservantsweresenttoserveascountygovernors, notbecauseofabilityortalent.OnlyEmperorXiaozhaocanberegardedasbothgoodandtalented.Unfortunately, hedidnotlastlonginthereign.Hediedofseriousinjuriesduetoafallinghorseaccident.Hereignedforonlytwoyearsandwasonly27yearsold.

ThepoliticsoftheNorthernQiDynastywasdeeplyinfluencedbythefactorsoftheNorthernWeiDynasty.Firstofall, thetreacherouscourtpoliticsoftheNorthernWeiDynastywaspasseddowntotheNorthernQiDynastyalmostintact.LuLingxuan, thenannyoftheQueenoftheNorthernQiDynasty, controlledthecourt, thentheemperor, andthenthegovernment, almostexactlythesameastheEmpressDowageroftheNorthernWeiDynasty.Secondly, theauxiliaryministersHuChangcan, FengZicong, YuanWenyao, Weijin, etc., allcamefromrelatives, clanandfirst-classaristocraticfamiliesintheNorthernWeiDynastyduringthepost-primaryperiodoftheNorthernQiDynasty.Similarly, hesparednoefforttoclimbtheladderofpower, andwasfinallyreusedduringtheWuchengperiodoftheNorthernQiDynasty.ThemerchantsoftheNorthernQiDynastyalsoinvestedinpoliticsforgenerousrewards.ThesethreeoldforcesoriginatingfromtheNorthernWeiDynastydidnothaveapositiveeffectontheconstructionoftheNorthernQiregime.Onthecontrary , ils ont porté la fondation du régime du Qir du Nord à des degrés divers et ont causé de graves conséquences à la rébellion de les personnes.

Le gouvernement dirigé par les militaires

ThecharacteristicsoftheNorthernQiregime'smilitary-ledgovernmentareveryobvious.TheNorthernQiDynastyislocatedinBingzhou (Jinyang), whereShangshuProvinceandYejingarefarawayfromeachother.TheexistenceofthisspecialadministrativesystemisrelatedtoJinyang, apoliticalandmilitarycenterintheNorthernQiDynastyoutsideYejing.TheimportanceofparallelprovinceandYeprovinceinactualgovernmentaffairsisnotstatic, butdependsonthedevelopmentofthepoliticalsituation.Jinyangislocatedinthemilitarycenter, andistheseatofthemilitaryhouseholdsinthesixtownsofGaohuanXianbei, whileYeProvinceseemstobetheworldofHanscholars.ThisdifferencereflectstheruleoftheNorthernQirulerthatbothHuandHanurgedbothHuandHan, establishedthecountrybymilitaryforceandgovernedthecountrybycultureatthesametime.

La classe du clan

Theclanclass, asanimportantpartoftherulingclassoftheNorthernQi, playedanimportantroleinthepoliticalhistoryoftheEasternWeiandNorthernQi.Undercertainhistoricalconditions, theclanstratum, asamemberoftherulingclass, embodiesvarioussocialcontradictionsincludingnationandclass, andisarelativelyrepresentativestratuminsocietyatthattime.TheEasternWeiDynastyandtheearlyNorthernQiDynastyinheritedthenoblesystemofthelateNorthernWeiDynasty.Underthissystem, theclanclassbasicallyestablishedthestatusofnobilitythroughknighthood, andatthesametimeobtainedthequalificationsofofficialeunuchs.Thenobilitysystembroughtnotonlypoliticalprivilegestomembersoftheclanclass, butalsohugeeconomicbenefits.

NordQiLaw

GaoYang a toujours été lunatique, obscène et cruel, et semble très intéressé par la loi. Au cours de son administration, il a formulé la fameuse "NorthQi Law".

WhenGaoYang'selderbrotherGaoChengwasinpowerintheEasternWeiDynasty, hepresidedoverthecompilationoftheEasternWeiCode "LinChiGe" .AfterGaoYangbecametheemperor, heconsidered "LinChiGe" comme "notrefined" andorderedhisofficialstodiscussandformulateauniformrule.IntheprocessofcompilingQiLv, GaoYangreusedFengShu, afamouslawscholarintheFengfamilyofJizhou, andCuiXian, liyang, WeiShou, etc., sothattheycomprehensivelysummarizedthelegislativeexperienceofthedynastiessincetheHanandWeidynasties, simplifiedthestructureofthecode, Refinedthetitleofthearticle, determinedtoinnovate, andfinallyformulated12articlesand949articlesinthe .ThearticlesofBeiqiLawareasfollows "NorthernQiLaw" : Lois Célèbres, Gardes Interdits, Mariage Ménages, Prospérité Non Autorisée, Violation Du Système, Fraude, Poursuites, Voleurs, Arrestations, Dommages-intérêts, Écuries et Lois Diverses.

Le "NorthernQiLu" hasachievedanumberofinnovationsinthehistoryofChineselegalsystem: thefirstistoscientificallystructurethecode, andmergethe "PrimaryNames" et "lois" dans "Noms", whichisplacedfirstinthecode.Asageneralrule.Thesecondistheestablishmentofthe "tenarticlesofseriouscrimes", whichbecametheoriginofthe "tenevils" oflatergenerations, thepunishmentwasonceagainstandardized, andthefivepunishmentsystemsofdeath, succombant, emprisonnement, tige, andwhipweredetermined, andtheexecutionstandardswererefined. Il s'agit d'un code important qui relie le passé au suivant. Il est connu pour « revoir clairement les lois et règlements, et les articles concis ;

Ce code a été formulé sous la direction de GaoYang. C'était la loi avec la plus haute réussite législative au cours des trois royaumes, Jin et les dynasties du Sud et du Nord, et il a joué un rôle majeur dans la formation du système juridique chinois ultérieur.

ThetraditionalviewoftheacademiccircleshasalwaysbelievedthatthelegislationlevelofBeiqiLawismuchhigherthanthatofBeizhouLaw, butitlacksconsiderationofthesocialeffectsofBeiqiandBeiqiLaw.Infact, intheprocessofreactiontosociety, theinfluenceofthelawsoftheEasternWei, WesternWei, NorthernQi, andNorthernZhouDynastywasquitedifferent.The playsaroleinlinkingthepastandenlighteningthefuture "LawoftheNorthernQi", andhasafar-reachinginfluenceonthelegislationoflatergenerations.

Militaire

Système de recrutement

Au début de la dynastie Wei de l'Est et du Qi, le système militaire hérite de la dynastie Wei du Nord, les soldats et le peuple sont séparés, et les Xianbeia sont les soldats.

À Heqing, trois ans plus tard (564 ans), un nouveau système militaire est apparu, combinant service militaire et agriculture, et est devenu le modèle de la réforme du système militaire de l'empereur Wen sous la dynastie Sui.

DéfenseIngénierie

L'empereur fondateur du Qi du Nord ou Gao Yang a ordonné la construction pour consolider la défense de la frontière nord et défendre le nord de Zhou à l'ouest.

Thereisabeacontowerinthe "WildGreatWall" inJixianCounty, Tianjin, whichhasapeculiarstyle.Rocksareplacedontheinsideandbluebricksontheoutside.Theinnerandouterfloorswerenotbuiltinthesamedynasty.ItispreliminarilydeterminedthatthebeacontowerisMingDynasty.TheGreatWallwasbuiltaroundtheoriginalNorthernQiAncientGreatWall.TheancientGreatWalloftheNorthernQiDynasty.ThisancientGreatWallhasahistoryofmorethan1,400years.Itis800yearsearlierthantheMingDynastyGreatWallatHuangyaguan, JiCounty, andisalsotheoldestGreatWallinTianjin.TheancientGreatWalloftheNorthernQiDynastyismorethan40kilometersinlengthinJixianCounty.Atthetimeoftheconstruction, thematerialsweretakenfromthespotandbuiltwithblockstoneswithoutaddingmortar.QiJiguangbuiltbricks, enemybuildingsandotherbuildingsonthebasisoftheoriginalNorthernQiGreatWall, formingthephenomenonofthecoexistenceoftheNorthernQiandMingGreatWalls.Becausethelocationofthesebeacontowersisverydangerous, allofthemareonthecliffs, itisdifficultforordinarypeopletoclimbhere.Thereare5known » mixe ndmatch"beacontowers.

Économie

NorthernQiwasthefirsttobreakawayfromthemilitaryandtownsystemandrealizetheseparationofsoldiersandpeasants.TheNorthernZhouDynastywastenyearslaterthanNorthernQi.TheNorthernQiDynastyimplementedalandequalizationsystem, buttheactualimplementationwasverypoor.Thegentrylandlordsoccupiesalargeareaandpossessedalargenumberofslavesandmaids.WhentheNorthernQiDynastydiedintheNorthernZhouDynastyin577, theNorthernZhouDynastyhad55prefectures, 162prefectures, 385counties, 3,302,528households, and2,006,886people.ScholarsconsideredtheBeiqiHeqingthreeyearsinthethirdyearoftheQingDynasty (In564, thepopulationpeakedtomorethan22million.Later, duetothebrutalruleofthepost-mainsoftheNorthernQiDynastyandtheendoftheQiwar, thepopulationdroppedsharplyto20millionwhenQidied.

La dynastie Qi du Nord a aboli la réglementation des terres d'accueil. Cependant, le nombre réel de terres reçues par un mari et une femme équivaut toujours à celui des terres.

IntheNorthernQiDynasty,therewasalsoa"banonburning"toprotectgrasslandandsurfacevegetation.InthespringoftheninthyearofTianbaointheNorthernQiDynasty(558),theemperorGaoYangissuedanedict:“LimitedtostartaprairiefireinmidwinterandJanuary,andnofireisallowedtodamageinsectsandplants.”Canonlybeburnedwithinonemonthofmidwinter(November),otherseasonsAllareprohibited.

Ethnicity

HuFengintheNorthernQiDynastyisverypopularwithHuHua,acountrythatstubbornlyinsistsonethnicoppressionandXianbeiprivilegesandisdominatedbyHu.

TheruleroftheNorthernQiDynasty,theGaoclan,wasaXianbeiculturally.HeusedtheXianbeilanguageasthenationallanguageandimplementedapolicyofseparatingtheXianbeifromtheHan.ThevastmajorityofthenationalarmyisXianbei.Itisobviouslysuperiortootherethnicgroups,sotheNorthernQiregimeisaXianbeiregime.Theso-called"Xianbeigovernment"meansthatitisagovernmentbasedonthepoweroftheXianbeipeopleandultimatelyservestheXianbeipeople,butitdoesnotmeanthatitcannotwidelyuseHanpeopleandHanculturetomaintainandconsolidateitsrule..ManypredecessorsbelievedthattheEasternWeiDynastyandtheNorthernQiDynastywerearegimeofXianbeiizationoranti-Sinicization.Thisargumentisquestionable.TheNorthernQi'sacceptanceofHancultureisactuallyquitehigh.

Society

TheNorthernQiimperialfamilyisnolongermonogamous,andalmostconstantlystagedmaritalrape.

TheNorthernQiShenwuEmperorGaoHuansuccessivelytookthedaughterofErZhurong(QueenofEmperorWeiZhuang),DaughterofErZhuZhao(QueenofEmperorJianming),ZhengDache(PrincessWeiGuangping),FengShi(PrincessRencheng)),Li(thePrincessofChengyang),thesearetheroyalconcubinesoftheWeiDynasty,GaoHuanacceptedthemall.

EmperorWenxiangoftheNorthernQiDynasty,GaoChengfirstforcedYuanclan(XueZhi'swife),andlaterforciblyseizedGaoShen'swife,andthenreceivedYuanYuyi(SunTeng'sprostitute)andYuanJingyi(Yuyi'ssister,CuiKuo'swife),AndfornicatingwithZhengDache(formerlyPrincessWeiGuangping,laterGaoHuan'sconcubine,GaoHuanisGaoCheng'sfather.),andfinallymarriedPrincessWeiwei(GaoHuan'swife,GaoChengshouldbecalledShi'smother)andhaveadaughter.

AfterEmperorWenxuanGaoYangoftheNorthernQiDynastyusurpedthethrone,herapedYuanclan(thequeenofGaoCheng,GaoYangistheyoungerbrotherofGaoCheng),stillbecauseGaoChengoncerapedGaoYang'swife.GaoYangalsoforciblyseizedtheWangfamily(CuiXiu'swife)andtheXuefamily(advocatedaughterofsinging,dancingandChineseopera).Inaddition,thewifewasrewarded.Forexample,GaoYangsentLiuYujietokillYonganKingGaoJun,whichrewardedGaoJun'swife;sentFengWenluotokillthepartykingGaoJuan,whichrewardedGaoHuan'swife,andGaoJunandGaoHuanwerealsoGaoYang'sbrothers.TheotherGao'swomen,regardlessofwhethertheyarerelativesorsiblings,wererapedbyGaoYang'srightandleft.GaoYangstillhasthehabitofexposinghisbody,anddoesn'tcareabouttheministerofcivilandmilitaryaffairs.

EmperorGaoZhanofWuchengoftheNorthernQiDynastyforcedtherapeofLi(thequeenofGaoYang,GaoZhanistheyoungerbrotherofGaoYang).Female,GaoZhanlaterkilledGaoShaodeinfrontofLi'sface,andstrippedLi'sclothestolashout.Later,theLifamily(theconcubineofEmperorWeiJing),theWangfamily(theconcubineofGaoYang),PengLenuandthedaughterofRenXiang(bothGaoYang'sunregisteredconcubine)wereallestablishedaswives.

BeforeGaoHuanwasalive,hiswifeZhengDachehadfornicatedGaoYang,andfatherandsoncouldpasswives;afterGaoHuandied,hiswife,PrincessWeiWei,wasrapedbyGaoCheng,whowasalsoafatherandson.

ThequeenofGaoChengwascontaminatedbyGaoYang,andhisbrotherscouldpasswives;thequeenofGaoYangwascontaminatedbyGaoZhan,andhisbrotherscouldpasshiswife.

TheQueenofGaoZhan,theHufamily,firstbecameeunuchs,thencommittedadulterywithministersandscholars,thenrapedSamantanTanxian,andfinallyremarriedandcontinuedobscenity.

ThequeenHulu,thequeenoftheNorthernQiDynasty,wasforcedtobecomeanunafterthedemiseoftheNorthernQiDynasty,andwasremarriedtoYuanrenashiswife;GaoWei'sbrotherNanyangWangChuojiZhengwasalsocalledDefiledbyEmperorWu;GaoWei'sauntandconcubineLi,forcedtoremarry.GaoHuan'sson,theHuashanKingGaoNing'sconcubine,committedadulterywithaservant.AlthoughGaoNingknewit,hecouldn'tstopit.

Althoughpolygamywasusedinancienttimes,itwasnotforseizingawifetocommitadultery,regardlessoffamilystatus.Fatherandsoninter-wives,brothersinter-wives,NorthernQiisoftenseen,andeventhecoexistenceoffatherandsonandbrotherscommitadultery.

TheGaofamilyhasalwaysbeenZhiGaohandsome,verysmart,andveryhandsome[LanlingKingGaoChanggong(sonofGaoCheng)alsohadtowearamaskonthebattlefieldbecausehewastoobeautiful],butforwomenThebestialbehaviors,co-wiferapeandotherfilthychaos,buttheGaofamilyfatherandsonarenotleftbehind.

Culture

Poetry

XingShaoandWeiShoubecametheleadersoftheNorthernQiliteraryworld,whichinfluencedalargenumberofyoungtalentswholatercriticizedthepoetryworldoftheearlySuiDynasty.ItwasthesuccessoftheNorthlandSancaiinimitatingsouthernpoetrycreationthatledtotherapiddevelopmentofpoetryintheNorthernDynasties,andthedifferencebetweennorthernandsouthernpoetrybecamegreaterandgreater.

Religion

TheNorthernQiimplementationisapolicyofworshippingBuddhismfrombeginningtoend.AftertheestablishmentoftheSuiDynasty,EmperorWenoftheSuiDynastyneededtosummonthesixGuandongvirtuestoenrichtheBuddhistpowerofGuanzhonginordertoreviveBuddhism.Soonaftertheestablishmentofthenewdynasty,GaoYangacceptedthebodhisattvavowsthroughtheclothofhairandmud.ThemonarchoftheNorthernQiDynastywasregardedasthekingofrunners,whichwasacommonpracticefromthetoptothepeopleatthattime.TheabolitionofTaoismbyEmperorWenxuaninthesixthyearofTianbao(555)reflectsthefactthattheNorthernQiDynastywasoverwhelminglyinclinedtoBuddhism.TherearemanyrecordsofthisincidentinBuddhistliteratureintheearlyTangDynasty,suchasFaLin's"BianzhengLun",DaoXuan's"ContinuedHighMonkBiography","JiGuJinBuDaoLunHeng","GuangHongMingJi",DaoShi"FaYuanZhuLin",etc..BuddhismhasalwaysbeenindominanceinthenorthernQi,andithasachievedapositionclosetothestatereligion.Fromthis,YedubecamethecenterofBuddhisminthenorthernpartoftheCentralPlains.EminentmonkssuchasBodhiLiuzhi,NalianTiliyeshe,Huiguang,Dharma,DaoPing,SengChou,LingYu,etc.,areallchosenatatime.ThemanyschoolsofthoughtintheSuiandTangdynastiesweremostlyrelatedtoBuddhisminYechengduringthisperiod.

Éducation

DuringtheNorthernandSouthernDynasties,theschoolstarttimewasrelativelyuniform,and"winterenrollment"becamethemainstream.Inthe"BookofNorthernQi·LeeXuan",thereisthesaying"springandsummerfarming,winterenrollment".AchildprodigynamedLiHyunwenttoschoolinwinter.

Art

• Carving

BuddhismandIndia,CentralAsia,WestAsianculturecontinuedtohaveasignificantimpactonartduringthisperiod.SomeofthemostexquisiteBuddhastatuesinChinesehistoryarelocatedintheBuddhistcavetemplesoftheNorthernQiDynasty.ThesestatuesillustratethecraftsmanshipofmakingBuddhistsculpturesatthattimeandtherapiddevelopmentofartisticstylessincetheNorthernWeiDynasty.SomelargepotterysculpturesoriginatedfromtheNorthernQiDynasty.ThepotteryoftheNorthernQiDynastyincludedglazecolorsofmorethantwocolors,andwhitepotteryalsodevelopedduringthisperiod.Thepaintingqualityofthisperiodwasextremelyhigh,ascanbeseenfromthemuralsofLouRui'stombinTaiyuan.Inaddition,WeiShouwrotethebookofWeiatthistime.

• Grottos

ThecontentofthegrottoesintheNorthernQiperiodmainlyreflectsBuddhistthoughtandcultureItisarepresentativeofBuddhistcultureduringtheNorthernQiDynasty.ItislocatedatTianlongMountaininTaiyuan,Shanxi,XiangtangMountaininNorthandSouthHebei,andseveralsmallergrottoesscatteredinthemiddleofShandong.

TheBuddhistgrottoesintheNorthernQiDynastywererepresentedbytheXiangtangshanGrottoes.TheNorthXiangtangshanGrottoeswereexcavatedatthewesternfootoftheFengfengGushanMountaininHandan,andtheSouthXiangtangshanGrottoeswereexcavatedatthesouthernfootoftheFengfengGushanMountaininHandan,separatedfromYuanbaoMountainbytheriver(HebeiFuyangRiver)facingeachother.Therearemanyexistingcavesinthetwogrottoes,withmanystonesculpturesandpaintedmurals,whichhaveveryhighartisticresearchvalue.InadditiontotheXiangtangshanGrottoes,EmperorWenxuanGaoyangoftheNorthernQiDynastyalsobuilttheWaPalace,whichservesasarecreationalpalacebetweenYechengandJinyang,thecapitaloftheNorthernQiDynasty.ItislocatedonZhonghuangMountaininShexianCounty,Handan."Temples"arebuiltonthecliffs,asifinlaidonthecliffsofthemountains.

• Porcelain

TheceramicsoftheNorthernQiDynastyincludesingle-colorporcelainandtwo-colorglazewhitepotteryItalsodevelopedrapidlyatthattime.Althoughtheporcelainwashandeddown,unearthed,andhasasmallcollection,itwasrareandrefined.Generally,theglazecolorisbetter,mostofthesurvivingisceladon,thequantityofceladonandwhiteporcelainissmall,andtherearealmostnocompleteutensils.TheceladonoxfromtheXiangzhoukilnoftheNorthernQiDynastyunearthedinLuoyang,Henan,wasregardedastheancestorofnorthernceladonbytheTibetancommunity.

• MusicandDance

ThesixemperorsoftheNorthernQiDynastyalllikesinginganddancing,whichispopularAmasterofculture,thishasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentandprosperityofmusicandart,andhasalsoleftmanypreciousculturalrelicsforfuturegenerations.ThecourtmusicanddanceoftheNorthernQiDynastynotonlyhaveuniqueuniqueness,butalsomadeahugehistoricalcontributiontothedevelopmentofmusicinlatergenerations.

• Xiqu

BeijingQiproducedabatchofsonganddancecommeOutofartisticcontribution.TheNorthernQiDynastywastheerawhenthesteppenomadsenteredtheCentralPlains.Thehistoricalopportunityfortheintegrationofvariousethniccultures,thebreakofthetraditionalcultureoftheCentralPlains,therelaxationoffeudaletiquette,andtheprimitiveheritageofthenomadiccultureofthegrassland,promotedtheformalriseoftheoriginofancientopera.

EmperorLineage

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yearofbirthanddeath

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yearnumberusetime

Musoleum