AperçudesRessources
Anglais :(Ressources marines/océaniques)
About85% oftheworld'saquaticproductsareproducedintheocean.Withfishasthemainbody, accountingformorethan80% oftheworld'smarineaquaticproducts, therearealsoabundantalgaeresources.Seawaterisrichinseawaterchemicalresources, andmorethan80kindsofseawaterchemicalsubstanceshavebeendiscovered.Amongthem, 11elements (chlore, sodium, magnésium, potassium, soufre, calcium, du brome, du carbone, du strontium, boronandfluorine) accountformorethan99.8% ofthetotaldissolvedsubstancesinseawater, andmorethan50chemicalsubstancescanbeextracted.Duetoseawatermovement, oceanpowerresourcesareproduced, mainlytidalenergy, waveenergy, oceancurrentenergy, andtemperaturedifferenceenergyandsalinitydifferenceenergycausedbythetemperaturedifferenceandsaltdifferenceofseawater.Itisestimatedthattheavailablepowerofglobalseawatertemperaturedifferenceenergyis100 × 10 ^ 8 kW, andtherenewablepowersuchastidalenergy, waveenergy, riverenergyandseawatersalinityenergyisabout10 × 10 ^ 8 kW.
Ressources en eau
Dessalement d'eau de mer
Theoceanisthecradleoflife.Seawaterisnotonlyapreciouswaterresource, butalsocontainsabundantchemicalresources.Strengtheningthedevelopmentandutilizationofseawater (includingbrackishwater, thesamebelow) isanimportantmeasuretosolvetheproblemoffreshwatercrisisandresourceshortageinthecoastalandwesternbrackishwaterareas, andanimportantguaranteefortherealizationofthesustainabledevelopmentstrategyofthenationaleconomy.Desalinationisanimportantwaytodevelopnewwatersourcesandsolvetheshortageoffreshwaterresourcesincoastalareas.
Desalinationofseawaterreferstothetechnologyandprocessofobtainingfreshwaterfromseawater.Inthe1930s, theseawaterdesalinationmethodmainlyusedthemulti-effectevaporationmethod; fromthe1950stothemid des années 1980, itwasmainlythemulti-stageflashevaporationmethod (MSF), andtheamountofwaterdesalinatedbythismethodstillaccountedforaconsiderableproportion; 20Electrodialysis (ED) inthemid des années 1950, Osmose Inverse (RO) etdes-temperaturemulti-effectevaporation (LT-MED) inthe1970sweregraduallydeveloped.Inparticular, Osmose Inverse (RO )le dessalement de l'eau de mer est devenu la technologie à la croissance la plus rapide.
Ressources Marines(4photos)
AccordingtothestatisticsoftheInternationalDesalinationAssociation, bytheendof2001, theworld'sdailyoutputofdesalinatedwaterhasreached32.5millioncubicmeters.Thewatersupplyproblemformorethan100millionpeople.Thesedesalinatedwatercanalsobeusedashigh-qualityboilermake-upwaterorhigh-qualityproductionprocesswater, whichcanprovidestableandreliablefreshwaterforcoastalareas.ThepriceofinternationaldesalinationwaterhasdroppedfrommorethanUS $ 2inthe1960sand1970stoaleveloflessthanUS 0,7 $, whichisclosetoorlowerthanthepriceoftapwaterinsomeinternationalcities.Withthefurtherreductionofcostscausedbytechnologicalprogress, theeconomicrationalityofseawaterdesalinationwillbecomemoreobvious, anditwillattractmoreandmoreattentionfromtheinternationalcommunityasameansofsustainabledevelopmentoffreshwaterresources.Technologie de traitement
Ressources marines(2photos)
ResearchonreverseosmosisseawaterdesalinationtechnologyinChinahasgonethrough "SeventhFive ans", "EighthFive ans" et "NinthFive ans" keyproblems, Greatprogresshasbeenmadeinthedevelopmentofseawaterdesalinationandreverseosmosismembranes.Thirteenreverseosmosisdesalinationprojectshavebeenbuilt, withatotalwaterproductioncapacityofnearly10,000cubicmetersperday.Chinaisimplementinga10,000-tonreverseosmosisseawaterdesalinationdemonstrationprojectandaseawatermembranemoduleindustrializationproject.Theresearchofdistillationseawaterdesalinationtechnologyhasahistoryofdecades.TianjinDagangPowerPlantintroducedtwo3,000cubicmeters / daymulti-stageflashdesalinationplants, whichwereputintooperationin1990andaccumulatedalotofvaluableexperience.Low-temperaturemulti- la technologie de dessalement de l'eau de mer de distillation a dépassé le « neuvième plan quinquennal » de la recherche scientifique et technologique.L'utilisation directe de l'eau de mer est une mesure importante pour remplacer directement l'eau douce et résoudre la pénurie de ressources en eau de mer dans les régions côtières.
L'utilisationdirectedelatechnologiedel'eauestletermegénéralpourlestechnologiesconnexestelsqueleremplacementdirectdel'eaude merparl'eaudemercommeeauindustrielleetl'eaudomestique.
La technologie de refroidissement unique à l'eau de mer a une histoire de près de cent ans, et la technologie de fixation anticorrosion et de prévention des organismes marins a pratiquement mûri.
Ressources marines(4photos)
Seawatercirculatingcoolingtechnologybeganinthe1970sandhasbeenappliedonalargescaleintheUnitedStatesandothercountries.ItisthemainseawatercoolingtechnologyOneofthedevelopmentdirections.Afterthe "EighthFive ans" et "NinthFive ans" scientificandtechnologicalbreakthroughs, Chinahascompleted100-tonindustrialtestsandmademajorbreakthroughsinkeytechnologiessuchasseawatercorrosioninhibitors, scaleinhibitorsanddispersants, bacteriaandalgaebiocides, andseawatercoolingtowers.Duringthe "TenthFive-YearPlan" période, throughtheimplementationofmajornationalscientificandtechnologicalprojects, athousand-tonand10,000 tonnes-levelseawatercirculatingcoolingdemonstrationprojectsarebeingestablished.Seawaterdesulfurizationtechnologybegantoappearinthe1970s. Il s'agit d'une méthode de désulfuration des gaz de combustion humide qui utilise de l'eau de mer naturelle pour éliminer le SO2 des gaz de combustion. et d'autres entreprises aux retombées environnementales et économiques importantes.La technologie de rinçage à l'eau de mer a commencé à Hong Kong, en Chine, à la fin des années 50, formant un système de traitement et de gestion complet.
L'utilisation globale des ressources chimiques de l'eau de mer est la manifestation de la formation d'une chaîne industrielle, la réalisation d'une utilisation globale des ressources et le développement durable de la société.
La technologie d'utilisation globale des ressources chimiques de l'eau de mer consiste en l'extraction de divers éléments chimiques (produits chimiques) de l'eau de mer et de sa technologie de traitement en profondeur.
Ressources marines(4photos)
Afterthe période "SeventhFive ans", "EighthFive ans" et "NinthFive ans" scientificandtechnologicalbreakthroughs, ChinausesnaturalzeolitemethodtodirectlyextractseawaterandbrineBreakthroughshavebeenmadeinthedevelopmentofpotash, sel-makingbrineextractionseriesofmagnesiumfertilizers, thedevelopmentofhigh-efficiencyandlow-toxicitypesticidedibromophosphorus, thedevelopmentofbromine-containingfinechemicalproductsandthedevelopmentofinorganicfunctionalmaterialsmagnesiumboratewhiskers.Duringthe "TenthFive-YearPlan", researchanddevelopmentontheindustrializationtechnologyofseawaterdirectextractionofpotassiumsalts, gaseousmembranemethodofseawaterbrineextractionofbromineandrelateddeepprocessingtechnologiesarebeingcarriedout.Usingtheconcentratedseawaterdischargedfromseawaterdesalinationandseawatercoolingtocarryoutthecomprehensiveutilizationofseawaterchemicalresourcestoformanindustrialchainofseawaterdesalination, Le refroidissement par l'eau de mer et l'utilisation globale des ressources chimiques de l'eau de mer est la manifestation fondamentale de la réalisationd'uneutilisationglobaledesressourcesetd'undéveloppementsocialdurable.Le développement et l'utilisation des ressources en eau de mer constituent la direction du développement pour réaliser l'utilisation durable des ressources en eau dans les zones côtières.
Classification de base
Ressources marines(3photos)
1Selon la classification des ressources, elles peuvent être réparties en ressources biologiques et en ressources non biologiques.2Selon la classification de la source des ressources, elle peut être divisée en ressources provenant du rayonnement solaire, en ressources provenant de la terre elle-même et en ressources générées par l'interaction entre la terre et d'autres corps célestes.
3Selon s'ilpeutêtrerestauréounon,ilpeutêtrediviséenressourcesrenouvelablesetressourcesnonrenouvelables.
4Selon la classificationdesressources,ellespeuventêtrediviséesenressourcesbiologiques,ressourcesénergétiques,ressourcesspatialesetressourceschimiques.
Ressources minérales
Que savez-vous des minéraux des fonds marins ?
Les gens ont découvert les six catégories suivantes :
1.Petroleumgas.Itisestimatedthattheworld'sultimateoilreservesare1trilliontons, andtherecoverablereservesare300billiontons, including135billiontonsofsubmarineoil; theworld'snaturalgasreservesare25.5-28billioncubicmeters, andoceanreservesaccountfor14billioncubicmeters.Attheendofthelastcentury, theannualoutputofoffshoreoilreached3billiontons, accountingfor50% oftheworld'stotaloilproduction.Chinahasapproximately4to5billiontonsofoilandgasreservesinadjacentseaareas.Duetothediscoveryofabundantoffshoreoilandgasresources, Chinamaybecomeoneoftheworld'sfivelargestoilproducers.
2.Solidmineralssuchascoalandiron.Manycoalandirondepositshavebeenminedneartheseabedintheworld.Japan'ssubmarinecoalminingaccountsfor30% ofitstotaloutput, le Chili, theUnitedKingdom, Canada, andTurkeyalsomine.Oneoftheworld'slargestironorehasbeendiscoveredontheseabednearKyushu, Japan.ManysubmarinetinmineshavealsobeendiscoveredinsomeAsiancountries.Therearemorethan20kindsofseabedsolidmineralsthathavebeendiscovered.Copper, le charbon, le soufre, le phosphore, limestoneandotherminesarewidelydistributedintheshallowwatersofChina'scontinentalshelf.
3.Seasideplacer.Therearemanypreciousmineralsinthecoastalsediments, suchas: rutilecontainingsolidfueltitaniumforrocketlaunches; monazitecontainingniobiumforrocketsandaircraftshellsandtantalumforreactorsandmicrocircuits; containinghightemperatureresistancefornuclearsubmarinesandnuclearreactorsAndcorrosion-resistantzirconite, zircon; someseaareasalsohavegold, platinumandsilver.China'soffshorewatersarealsodistributedwithgold, zircon, d'ilménite, monazite, chromiumspinelandotherplacerswithextremelyhigheconomicvalue.
4.Polymetallicnodulesandcobalt-richmanganesecrusts.Polymetallicnodulescontaindozensofelementssuchasmanganese, le fer, le nickel, le cobalt, le andcopper.Thereareabout3trilliontonsofpolymetallicnodulesstoredintheoceanbottomoftheworld'soceansatadepthof3500-6000meters.Amongthem, manganeseproductioncanbeusedfor18,000yearsintheworld, andnickelcanbeusedfor25,000years.Chinahasinvestigatedanareaof morethan2millionsquarekilometersinthePacificOcean, ofwhichmorethan300,000squarekilometersareprospectiveminingareaswithminingvalue.TheUnitedNationshasapprovedtheallocationof150,000squarekilometerstoChinaasapioneeringarea.Thecobalt-richmanganesecrustsarestoredontheseabedatadepthof300to4000metersandareeasytomine.TheUnitedStates , le Japon et d'autres pays ont conçu des systèmes miniers.
5.Dépôts minéraux hydrothermaux.Il s'agit d'un sulfure contenant une grande quantité de métal.Il est formé par le refroidissement et le dépôt de magma à haute température éjecté des failles du fond marin.Plus de 30 gisements ont été découverts.
6.Combustibleice.Itisanewtypeofmineralcallednaturalgashydrate.Itisanicysolidsubstancecomposedofhydrocarbonsandwatermoleculesunderlowtemperatureandhighpressureconditions.Ithashighenergydensity, fewimpurities, almostnopollutionaftercombustion, thickorebed, à grande échelle, widedistributionandrichresources.Itisestimatedthattheglobalreservesofcombustibleicearetwicetheexistingreservesofoilandgas.Inthelastcentury, Japon, theformerSovietUnion, andtheUnitedStateshavealldiscoveredlargeareasofcombustibleicedistribution.ChinahasalsofoundcombustibleiceintheSouthChinaSeaandtheEastChinaSea.Accordingtoestimates, theamountofcombustibleiceresourcesintheSouthChinaSeaaloneamountsto70billiontonsofoilequivalent, whichisabout1 / 2ofChina'stotalonshoreoilandgasresources.Astheworld'soilandgasresourcesaregraduallydepleting, thediscoveryofcombustibleicehasbroughtnewhopetomankind.
Parce que les humains n'ont pas fait assez d'enquêtes sur les eaux polaires et les vastes zones marines profondes, il est encore difficile de connaître le nombre de minéraux des fonds marins présents dans l'océan.
NourritureRessources
Theseaweedthatgrowsnaturallyonlyinthecoastalwatershasanannualoutputequivalenttomorethan15timestheworld'sannualwheatoutput.Ifthesealgaeareprocessedintofood, Itcanprovidepeoplewithsufficientprotein, multiplevitaminsandmineralsneededbythehumanbody.Therearealsoabundantplanktoninvisibletothenakedeyeintheocean, processedintofood, whichcanmeettheneedsof30billionpeople.Therearemanymoreintheocean.Thefishandshrimparereallythegranaryforthefutureofmankind.ThereisalsothekrillofAntarctica, whichproducesmorethan5billioneveryyear.Weonlycatch100millionto150milliontons, whichcanmorethandoubletheamountoffishandshrimpcaughtintheworld.
Chaîne alimentaire marine
Dans l'océan, la relation alimentaire entre les différents groupes biologiques prend la forme d'une pyramide alimentaire.
Ressources marines(5photos)
Marinebiologistsoncemadesucharesearchreport: Atthelowestpartofthisbiologicalpyramid, therearevariouskindsofsiliconAlgae.Theyaresingle-celledplantsintheocean, andtheirnumbersarehuge.Weassumethatthediatomsinthelowestpartofthebiologicalpyramidare454kilograms.Abovethislevelaretinymarineherbivores, orzooplankton.Theseanimalsfeedondiatomstoobtaincalories.Tomaintaintheirnormallife, animalsinthislayerneedtoconsume45.4kgofdiatoms.Then, thenextlayerisherringfish.Herringneedstoeat4.54kilogramsofzooplanktoninordertoobtainheatandmaintainlife.Ofcourse, thepresenceofherringprovidesfoodforcod.Obviously, codisahigherlevelofanimalfood.Toobtaincaloriesandliveanormallife, codneedstoeat454gramsofherring.Itisnotdifficulttoseethatwitheveryincreaseofalevel, thefooddecreasesbyageometricnumberof10% ;au contraire,àchaquediminutiond'unniveau,laquantitédealimentsaugmenteparnombreageométriquede10 %. En s'approchant du sommet de la pyramide alimentaire de l'océan, le nombre d'organismes devient très petit par rapport au bas.Eau De MerÉnergie
Seawatercannotonlygiveuselectricitythroughitsthermalandmechanicalenergy, butalsoextractfuelslikegasolineanddiesel-uraniumandheavywaterfromseawater.Thereservesofuraniuminseawaterareconsiderable, reachingabout4.5billiontons, whichisequivalentto4,500timesthetotalreservesonland.Calculatedbasedontheheatgeneratedbycombustion, itcanbeusedbytheworldforatleast10,000years.Waterisabasicnaturalresourceandastrategiceconomicresource.Seawaterdesalinationisanimportantsupplementaryformofwaterresources.Thedevelopmentandutilizationofseawaterisanimportantmeasuretoalleviatetheshortageofwaterresourcesinourcountry.Thetraditionalseawaterdesalinationmethodhasmaturetechnologyandperfecttechnology.Achievelarge-scaleindustrialapplications, butduetotheconsumptionoffossilenergy, environmentalproblemswillbecaused.Thedevelopmentandutilizationofrenewableenergysuchassolarenergyandwindenergyisoneofthefuturedevelopmentdirectionsofseawaterdesalinationtechnology.Intheresearchofsolarseawaterdesalinationtechnology, researchisconcent évaluéLe couplage de l'utilisation de l'énergie solaire avec un système de dessalement thermique ou un système de dessalement membranaire a été étudié chez nous et à l'étranger.
Médecine marine
InvestigationandevaluationofChina'smarinemedicineresources.Theresultsshowthataftermorethan3,600years, Chinahascontinuouslyaccumulatedexperienceintheapplicationofmarinedrugs, especiallytheresearchresultsofmodernmarinedrugs.Asof2008, thenumberofmarinedrugsrecordedinoffshoreChinaandpotentialdrugresourcesthathaveundergonemodernpharmacologicalandchemicalresearchhasreached684, including205botanicaldrugs, 468animaldrugs, and11mineraldrugs; involvingmarinemedicinaldrugs.Thereare1667kindsofplants (272kindsofplants, 1395kindsofanimals), and18kindsofminerals.Strengtheningmodernpharmaceuticalresearch, protectingexistingmedicinalbiologicalresources, andopeningupnewresourceareasaretheguaranteeforthesustainabledevelopmentofmarinedrugsinthefuture.
Baocanlevelbloodpressure, treatdizzinessandvertigo; jellyfishcantreatwomen'sstrain, hémorragie, anderysipelasinchildren; hippocampusandseadragoninvigoratethekidney, calmthenerves, relievecoughandasthma; usetortoisebloodTurtleoilisusedtotreatasthmaandbronchitis; seaweedisusedtotreatthroatpain, etc;. Cuttlefishistheinnershellofcuttlefish, whichcantreatstomachproblems, indigestion, facialnervepainandothersymptoms; pearlpowdercanstopbleeding, reduceinflammation, détoxifier, andbuildmuscle.Peopleoftenuseittonourishyinandbeauty; codliveroilmadefromcodlivercantreatvitaminAandDdeficiency; seasnakevenomcantreathemiplegiaandsciatica.Inaddition, peoplehaveextractedsomeeffectivedrugsfrommarineorganismsforthetreatmentofleukemia ,hypertension,guérison rapidedesfractures,variole,ulcèresintestinauxetcertaincancers.
Si vous ne faites pas attention à la bonne quantité de minage, les ressources seront épuisées !
PétroleetGazRessources
Theworld'soceanscontainextremelyrichoilandgasresources, whichaccountforapproximately34% oftheworld'stotaloilresources.Theworld'smarineoilandgas, likeonshoreoilandgasresources, areextremelyunevenlydistributed.Amongthefouroceansanddozensofoffshoreareas, thePersianGulfwiththemostoilandnaturalgascontentaccountsforabouthalfofthetotalreserves, thesecondisVenezuela'sLakeMaracaibo, thethirdistheNorthSea.Seas, thefourthistheGulfofMexico, followedbytheAsia-Pacifique, WestAfricaandotherwaters.
581oilfieldshavebeenfoundintheworld'soceans.Amongthem, thereare25inEuropeandtheMediterranean, 110intheNorthSea, 20inItalyandtheNorthAdriaticSea, 17intheBlackSeaandCaspianSea, 43inSouthAmerica, 27inthecoastalwatersofAfrica, 85inthecoastalwatersofWestAfrica, 60inthePersianGulf, andcoastsoftheIndiansubcontinentThereare2offshoreareas, 23offshoreFarEast, 15offshoreIndiaandMalaysia, 3offshoreAustraliaandNewZealand, 12northwesternAustraliashelf, 19southernGippslandBasin, 44offshoreNorthSea, and16offshoreU.S.GulfofMexico.
AccordingtotheanalysisofMackayConsulting, theoffshoreoilandgasresourcesintheAsia-Pacificregionwillbecometheengineforthedevelopmentoftheglobaloffshoreoilandgasindustry.TheAsia-PacificregionwillbecomethethirdlargeststrategicareafortheglobaloffshoreoilandgasindustryaftertheNorthSeaandtheGulfofMexico.By2008, theoutputofmarineoilandgasintheAsia-Pacificregionwillaccountfor17% et25% oftheworld'stotalmarineoilandgas, respectivement, anincreaseof84% and116% from2002.TheoffshoreoilandgasindustryintheAsia-Pacificregionisexpectedtobethefastestgrowingamongtheeightmajorregionsintheworld.Itisestimatedthatby2008, thetotaloffshoreoilandgasinvestmentintheAsia-Pacificregionwillincreaseby65% over2002, reachingUS 29.9billion $, accountingfor19. 5 %dutotaldesinvestissementsengazpétrolifèresoffshoreaumonde.De2002à2008,lespaysaveclacroissancelaplusrapidedesinvestissementsengazpétrolifèresoffshore dans la région Asie-Pacifique étaient la Chine, la Russie, l'Indonésie, l'Inde, l'Australie et la Malaisie. -Pacifique, au premier rang.
China'sSouthChinaSeaoilandgasresourceshavegreatpotential.AccordingtothedataprovidedbytheHainanProvincialCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference, theseaareaexploredintheSouthChinaSeaisonly160,000km², whilethediscoveredoilreservesare5.52billiontonsandthenaturalgasreservesare12trillionm³.Accordingtopreliminaryestimates, theentireSouthChinaSeahasapproximately23to30billiontonsofpetroleumgeologicalreserves, accountingforaboutone-thirdofChina'stotalresources, anditisoneoftheworld'smajormarineoilandgasaccumulationcenters.
Trafic maritime
Les ports sont responsables de plus de 70 % des tâches d'expédition de matériel d'importation et d'exportation de la Chine, et certaines cargaisons de pays tiers sont également effectuées à l'étranger.
China'socean-goingroutesstartfrommajorseaportsandcanbedividedintofourdirections: est, ouest, sud, andnorth.TheseroutesconnectChinawiththemajoreconomicregionsoftheworld.TheeastboundroutetravelseastwardfromChina'scoastalportstoJapan, andcrossesthePacificeastwardviaJapantoNorthAmericaandLatinAmerica, andthenpassesthroughthePanamaCanaltotheCaribbeanandtheeastcoastofNorthAmericaandLatinAmerica.ThesouthboundroutestartsfromChina'scoastalportsandtravelssouthtoSoutheastAsia, AustraliaandNewZealand.Thewestboundrouteisaveryimportantroute.ItsailsfromvariousportsinChinafirstthroughthesouthandthenwest, passingthroughtheStraitofMalaccaintotheIndianOcean, passingthroughtheRedSea, crossingtheSuezCanal, intotheMediterranean, andoutoftheStraitofGibraltarbeforeenteringtheAtlanticOcean.ThereisalsoaroutethroughtheIndianOcean, bypassingtheCapeofGoodHopeatthesoutherntipofAfrica, andenteringtheAtlanticOcean. Les routes vers l'ouest peuvent atteindre des ports d'Asie du Sud, d'Asie de l'Ouest, d'Afrique et d'Europe. hCorée, Corée du Sud, Russie et autres pays.
Tourisme côtier
Thevastoceanandthebeautifulcoastalareamakepeoplelinger.Makingfulluseofthenaturalsceneryoftheseaanddevelopingcoastaltourismisalsoanimportantaspectofpeople'sutilizationanddevelopmentofmarineresources.Chinaattachesgreatimportancetothedevelopmentandconstructionofseasidescenicspots, suchasBeidaiheandQinhuangdaoontheBohaiSeacoast, Dalian, Yantai, QingdaoandLianyungangontheYellowSeacoast, PutuoMountainandXiamenontheEastChinaSeacoast, andShenzhen, BeihaiandHainanontheSouthChinaSeacoast.TianyaHaijiao, etc.areallkeydevelopmentseasidevillagetouristareas, andalargenumberofdomesticandforeigntouristsvisittheseplaceseveryyear.
Situation actuelle en Chine
Situation de base
Chinahasabundantmarineresources.Theoilandgasresourcesedimentarybasinisabout700,000squarekilometers, theoilresourceisestimatedtobeabout24billiontons, thenaturalgasresourceisestimatedtobe14trillioncubicmeters, andtherearealargeamountofnaturalgashydrateresources, whichisthemostpromisingsubstituteforoilandgasinthiscentury.The "combustibleice" ofenergy.Thereare2.8millionsquarekilometersofmarinefishinggroundsintheseaareaunderChina'sjurisdiction, 240millionhectaresofshallowwaterwithin20meters, 2.6millionhectaresofseawatercultivablearea, shallowbeachesis2.42millionhectares and710,000hectaresofaquaculture.Thecultivatedareaof, andthecultivatedareais550,000hectares.Chinahasacquired75,000squarekilometersofpolymetallicnodulesintheinternationalseabedarea, avec des réserves de plus de 500 millions de tonnes de nodules polymétalliques.
Thedevelopmentandutilizationofseawaterresourcesisthedevelopmentdirectiontorealizethesustainableutilizationofwaterresourcesincoastalareas.Lookingforwardtothefuture, strengthentheawarenessthatseawaterisapreciousresource, formulatepolicies, regulationsanddevelopmentplansforthedevelopmentandutilizationofseawaterresources, buildanational-levelcomprehensivedemonstrationzoneandindustrializationbaseforseawaterresourcesdevelopmentandutilization, andstrengthenthedevelopmentandproductionbaseofseawaterresourcesdevelopmentandutilizationequipment, andcultivateChina'sseawaterdesalination, directseawaterutilization, andcomprehensiveutilizationofseawaterresourcestechnology, equipmentandproductsystemswithindependentintellectualpropertyrightsaredrivingtheformationanddevelopmentofChina'sseawaterresourcesdevelopmentandutilizationofthesunriseindustry, becomingthesecondwatersourceinChina'scoastalareasandgoingglobalImportantGuarantee.
Althoughmycountryisrichinmarineresources, thedegreeofdevelopmentandutilizationisverylow (thedegreeoflanddevelopmentandutilizationinmycountryisrelativelyhigh) .Humanbeingsarefacedwithpopulationproblems, foodproblems, environmentalproblems, andsoon.Theterrestrialspaceonwhichmankinddependsforsurvivalhasbeenoverwhelmed.80% oftheearth'sbiologicalresourcesaredistributedintheocean, andtheocean'sabilitytoprovidehumanswithfoodis1,000timesthatoftheland.Undertheconditionofundamagedmarineecology, 3billiontonsofaquaticproductscanbeprovidedtomankindeveryyear.Therefore, thedevelopmentandutilizationoftheoceanhasgreatpotentialandbroadprospects.
Marcher vers l'océan et mettre les ressources marines au service de l'homme revêt une grande importance pour le développement de l'économie de quatre pays.
OffshoreRessources
Itisunderstoodthatthespecialprojectwasformallyimplementedin2004, includingthreemajortasks: comprehensiveoffshoremarinesurvey, comprehensiveevaluation, andtheconstructionofa "" informationinfrastructure.Thestatehasinvestedatotalof2.059billionyuaninfunds Digital Ocean, andnearly300millionyuanhasbeenmatchedbycoastalprovinces (autonomousregionsandmunicipalities) .Inthespecialimplementationprocess, theworld'sadvancedoceanographicsurveyequipmentwasused, morethan500largeandsmallvesselswereused, withavoyageofmorethan2millionkilometers, andabout20,000daysofmarineoperations.Morethan30,000marinescienceandtechnologyworkersfrommorethan180ocean-relatedunitsacrossthecountryhavesuccessfullycompletedvarioustasksdeterminedbytheprojectaftermorethan8yearsofhardwork.
Throughthe908specialinvestigationandresearch, wehavebasicallyfoundoutthebackgroundofChina'soffshoremarineenvironmentalresources, updatedChina'soffshoremarinebasicdataandmaps, andintegratedthemarineenvironment, les ressources, le développement, utilizationandmanagement.Evaluation, « Digital Ocean » informationbasicframework, andaseriesofrecommendationsonChina'smarinedevelopment, environmentalprotectionandmanagementpolicies, whichprovideeffectivesupportandsupportforthecountry'smacrodecision-faire, marineeconomicconstruction, marinemanagement, andmarinesecurity.service.Forthefirsttime de theestablishmentofChina, thespecialprojectobtainedhigh- données mesurées avec précisiontelles quelalongueurdelacôtecontinentaledemonpaysetlenombred'îles. Les réserves de rgy totalisent 1,580 milliard de kilowatts ; les mers et les zones de ressources importantes de mon pays sont estimées à environ 303 000 kilomètres carrés.
Développementetprotection
OnOctober19,2015, VicePremierWangYangoftheStateCouncilinvestigatedthedevelopmentofmarinefisheriesinShandongProvince.Heemphasizedthatcultivatingtheoceansanddevelopingmodernmarinefisheriesisanimportantstrategyformycountry'sagriculturalmodernization.ItisnecessarytoconscientiouslyimplementthedecisionsanddeploymentsofthePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilonthedevelopmentofmarineeconomyandtheconstructionofmarineecologicalcivilization, acceleratethetransformationofdevelopmentmethods, rationallydevelopandutilizemarinefisheryresources, strengthenmarineenvironmentalprotection, promotemarineecologicalrestoration, andachievehighoutputandproductsafety., Ressources-savingandenvironment-friendlydevelopmentofmodernmarinefishery.
TheChineseAcademyofSciencesandShandongProvincehavecooperatedtobuildamarineecologicalpasturedemonstrationbase.Throughthe "algues, crustacés, ginseng, andfish" ecologicalcyclebreedingmodel, amarineecologicalthree-dimensionalpolyculturesystemisformed, andmarineaquaculture, multiplicationandrelease, Thecombinationofenvironmentalprotection, ecologicalrestoration, andresourceconservationnotonlyachievedgoodeconomicbenefits, butalsosignificantlyimprovedthequalityoftheseawaterinthebreedingareaandpromotedtheimprovementofthemarineecologicalenvironment.WangYanginspectedthedemonstrationbaseinLaizhou, Yantai, andfullyaffirmedtheachievementsoftheconstructionofthemarineranch.Heemphasizedthatthedevelopmentofmodernmarineaquacultureisofgreatsignificanceforensuringfoodsafety, improvingdietarystructure, andpromotingfarmers'income.Itisnecessarytoearnestlystudythedevelopmentstrategyofthemarineaquacultureindustry, puttherestorationandprotectionofthemarineecologicalenvironmentinanimportantposition, andcontinuouslyimprovetheprodu ctioncapacityofmarinefisheryandthelevelofproductqualityandsafety.Itisnecessarytostrengthenthescientificandtechnologicalresearchofmarineaquacultureandacceleratethepromotionandtransformationofresults.Promotetheindustrializedoperationofmarineaquaculture, givefullplaytotheroleofscientificandtechnologicalinnovation, andactivelyattractfarmerstoparticipateintheconstructionofmodernmarinefisheriesintheformofcooperativesystemsandshareholdingsystems, sothatfarmerscansharethefruitsofmodernmarinefisherydevelopment.Promotetheintegrationofmarineaquaculturewithaquaticproductprocessingandcirculation, recreationalfishing, tourismandsightseeing, speeduptheintegrateddevelopmentofprimary, secondaryandtertiaryindustries, andimprovethecomprehensivecompetitivenessofmarinefisheries.