Concepts de base
Thehistoryofhumancivilizationbeganwiththeinventionofwords.Theearliesttimeisonlysevenoreightthousandyears, andthesethousandsofyearsaccountforonlyonepercentofhumanhistory..Thedevelopmentofhumanculture, fromtheperspectiveofhumangeography, canhavethefollowingthreeconsensuses.First, thedevelopmentofhumancultureisnotasudden, butalotofexperiencehumanshavelearnedinthesurvivalcompetition, graduallyaccumulatedandpasseddown.Inotherwords, manyculturesinthehistoricaleraoriginatedfromhumanactivitiesintheprehistoricera.Forexample, Chinahasfivethousandyearsofhistory, butweknowthatintheprehistoricerainChina, thereweremanydifferentethnicgroupslivingindifferentplaces, suchasBeijing.People, Lantianpeople, theirageisaboutfourtofivemillionyearsago.ThecultureofChina'shistoricaleraisinseparablefromprehistorichumanactivities.Secondly, varioushumancultureshavedifferentadvancesandretreatsduetochangesintheenvironmentandthechangeoftimes.Thereweremanypowerfulnationsinprehistorictimesthathadlongsincedisappeared .L'histoire inhumaine, le reisnonationthatdominatesoneside.Humanitiesscholarsrecognizethatthehumanbody, intelligence, andmoralityarebasicallythesame.Ifthereisanidealenvironment, anynationcangraduallyadvanceandcreateanobleculture.Third, humanbeingshavethecooperatingpowertomakeprogresstogether, buttheyalsohavethedespicablenatureofkillingeachother.Humanbeingsarecruel, andthereisnotenoughkillingbetweenindividuals.Theywillalsounitetheirrelatives, engageinarmedbattles, andevenestablishoffensiveanddefensivealliancesbetweennations, causinglarge-scalewars.Humancultureshouldsupporteachotherandcooperateinprogress.Whydotheykilleachother Ascholaronceanalyzed: humanbeingsareweakanimalsandrequireparentalprotectionsincechildhood.Theyalsohavenoself-defensestrengthwhentheyareadults.Theyarenotphysicallystrong, theirnailsarenothard, andtheirteetharerestrictedbysmallmouths. Ils ne peuvent pas grimper aux arbres ou voler, mais par expérience, il sait que l'unité est la force. Seuls les groupes peuvent espérer survivre. dcountry.However, thedefenseofthegroupisnotinsured, anditisnecessarytousebrainpowertomakeweapons.Therefore, itdevelopstheabilitytokillcruelly.Withtheweaponofkilling, individualscanbravelyrobandkill, andthegroupcanrunwild.Withtheevolutionofhumanhistory, physicalstrengthhasbecomeweakerandweaker, whilemurderousweaponshavebecomemoreandmorefierce.Thedifferencesinrace, langue, andreligion, aswellasthedevelopmentofnationalismandtransportation, havemadehumanwarsmoreandmorecruel.However, peopleofinsightandenlightenedpeoplebelievethathumanbeingsmustcoexistpeacefullyandcooperatewitheachothertohaveabrightfuture.
La communauté scientifique générale considère l'apparition des mots comme un symbole important pour définir la civilisation.
Selon le niveau de développement de la civilisation, le milieu universitaire classe la Chine, l'Inde, l'Égypte et Babylone en premier, et est connue sous le nom de « quatre civilisations anciennes ».
Théorie de la civilisation
Théorie de l'humanité
Thetrueanswertotheoriginofmankindisonlyamatterofmorethan100years.Becausefossilsprovidefactualevidence, fossilsarepartoftheremainsortracesofactivitiesleftbyancientcreatures.Findinghumanskeletonfossilsandstonetoolscanunderstandthedevelopmentlevelofancienthumanphysique, intelligenceandequipment.Fromthelocationwherethefossilwasdiscovered, wecanknowthegeographicaldistributionofancienthumans, theirgeologicalageandlivingenvironment.Amongvariousfossils, skullfossilsarethemostimportant.Generally, thefaceofananimalismuchlargerthantheskull; theoppositeistrueforhumans, whichismuchlargerthantheface.Comparedwithprimitivepeopleandmodernpeople, thedifferencecanbesaidtobemainlyconcentratedintheskull.Forexample, theskullsofprimitivepeoplearemuchthickerthanmodernpeople.Becausestudyinghumanskullfossilscanbestunderstandthemorphologicalcharacteristicsandphysicaldevelopmentlevelofancienthumans, anthropologistspayspecialattentiontofindingcompletehumanskullfossils.Thediscoveryofcompletehumanskullfossilsisconsideredamajor Il y a plus de 100 ans, les scientifiques ont remarqué l'utilisation de fossiles humains comme preuve pour explorer l'histoire de l'évolution humaine.
TheancestorsofhumansappearedintheQuaternaryPeriod.Atfirst, theAsianandAfricancontinentswerewarmandhumid.Inthisenvironment, theancientapesevolvedintohumanbeingswhocouldmaketoolsandwork.Labordevelopsthelimbsandbones, thehandsaremorecapableofcreatingallthings, andtheoralcavitydevelopslanguage, whichalsopromotesthedevelopmentofthebrain.Theemergenceoftheerectapes, thefirsthumanancestors, isverydifferentfromothermammalswhostillcrawlonallfoursandcannotusetheirhandsorwithoutlanguage, andbecomethemasterswhodominatetheworld.
Accordingtothehumanphysiqueandthesequenceofitsculturaldevelopment, itcanbedividedintothestagesof "Apeman", "AncientMan" et "NewMan" .Inrecentdecades, humanfossilshavebeenrepeatedlydiscoveredintheworld, enablinghumanscientiststounderstandhumanphysicalcharacteristicsandculturaldevelopment.However, therearestillmanyquestions, suchastheprocessofturningape-manintoancientman? Howdidtheancientsbecomenewcomers? Nowitisfoundthatthereisnotenoughinformationtomakeacompleteexplanation, whichneedsmorediscoveredfactstocontinuetoadd.
Almostallhumanfossilsfoundintheworldare "ancientpeople" ou "NewPeople" (alsoknownas "realpeople"), amongwhichthemostfamousandrecognizedbythescientificcommunitywasdiscoveredinGermanyin1865TheNeanderthalsbelongedtothe "anciens", andin1868, theCromannonsinFrancebelongedtothe "nouvelles" .Par conséquent, mostpeoplethinkthattheancestorsofhumanbeingsonlyhaveahistoryofmorethanahundredthousandyears.Until1929, ChinadiscoveredthefirstskullofthePekingManinZhoukoudian, whichledpeopletobelievethathumanancestorsexisted400,000yearsago.
Theearth'scrustisconstantlychanging.Thesoilandgravelerodedfromthemountainsarefinallydepositedintheoceanlakesandseas, formingdeepandvastrockformations.Thesearisestoland, themountainserodeintoplains, andthelivinganimalsandplantsontheearthcanbeburiedinthesedimentarylayeratanytime, andaftertensofthousandsofyears, theybecomefossils.Geologists, basedontheremainsoftheseplantsandanimals, canidentifytheevolutionoflifeinvariousregionsoftheearthinvariouseras.
Thegeologicalagecanbedividedintofiveperiods: Archéen, Protérozoïque, Paléozoïque, MesozoicandCenozoic.Archaeanhastheleastknowngeologicalhistoricalfacts, anditdoesnotseemtohavelife.ItwasnotuntilthebeginningofthePaleozoicerathattherewerebiologicalremains, buttheywereallinferioranimalsandprimaryplants.Themostinferioranimalsaretrilobites, andtherearealsomanycorals, éponges, andjellyfish.TheMesozoicerawasthemostimportantperiodforreptiles.Theyweretallandprotectedbyarmor.TheCenozoicisanimportantperiodofbiologicalevolutioninmoderngeologicalhistory, thebigreptilesaregoneforever, andonlycrocodiles, tortues, serpents, andlizardsareleft.Thisistheerawhenmammalsaregreatlyactive.
InthehistoryoftheearthwithintwoorthreemillionyearsoftheQuaternary, erectapesappeared.Therefore, somepeoplecalltheQuaternaryEraasthe "spiritualgeneration", becausethisistheageofmankind.Atthesametime, theQuaternaryeraalsogreatlychangedthenaturalenvironment, especiallythefloraandfauna.Secondly, therewasastrongglaciereffectintheQuaternary, andmanytraceswereleftonthesurfaceoftheearth.Theadvanceandretreatofglaciersalsoaffectedthedistributionoffloraandfauna.Whentheiceagesuddenlycameontheground, theape-menwhodependedonthefruittolivehadnowheretofindfoodintheiceandsnow.Oftenforcedbyhunger, theyhadtopeeltheskinsofanimalstomakeclothes, searchforcavesandplacestolive, drillwoodforfire.Cancookordriveawaywildbeasts.Humanbeingshavebeeneliminatedfromtheiceageforseveraltimes, andtheirintelligencehasimproved.Theculturalrelicsofancienthumansaremainlyself-madetools .Ces outils sont essentiellement en pierre. Les humains primitifs de l'Antiquité n'avaient aucune expérience en llsinmakingtoolscontinuetoimprove, solaboristhedrivingforceforcreatingculture.StonetoolscanbedividedintoPaleolithicandNeolithic.PeopleinthePaleolithicAgeweremostlyhuntersandgatherers.Mostofthetoolstheyuseareriverbedboulders.Theyusedthebeatingmethodatfirst, andthenthegrindingmethod.Attheendoftheiceage, theNeolithicagebegan.Duringthisperiod, thestonetoolsweremadeentirelybygrindingmethods.Thereweremanytypesofstonetoolswithholesandrings, includinglargeaxes, stoneknives, andstonechisels.Duringthisperiod, potterywasverydeveloped, agriculturaltoolshadalsobegun, andprimitiveanimalhusbandryhadbeenestablished.AftertheendoftheNeolithicAge, about4000to1000BC, humansenteredthemetalculture.FirstwastheBronzeAge, andin2000BCenteredtheIronAge, andironhadbeguntobeusedasaplow. L'âge du bronze et l'âge du fer alternent plutôt que complètement séparés.
Wheredidtheancienthumansoriginate? Thisisanissuethathasbeencontroversialformanyyears.SomesayitoriginatedincentralAsia.LikethefamousarchaeologistAndrews (RCAndrews) andgeographer (GriffitTaglei), theybelievethathumansoriginatedincentralAsiaandthenmovedtoallcontinents.ThereasonisthatCentralAsiaistheoriginofdomesticanimalsraisedbyhumans, suchascamels, chiens, bovins, ovins, andhorses.Sinceitissuitableforthesurvivalofhigheranimals, humanbeingswholiveonanimalsandplantsmustalsooriginatefromthis.Atthesametime, CentralAsiaislocatedamongallcontinentsandhasthehighestterrain.Theaveragealtitudeofothercontinentsintheworldisbelow700meters, andtheaveragealtitudeoftheAsiancontinentisabove1,000meters.Itiscondescendingandcanbeconnectedtoallcontinents.Therefore, itissaidthathumanbeingsoriginatedinCentralAsiaandarescatteredonallcontinents.Thesituationisthebestandthereasonisright .Cependant,certains pensent quel'originedeshumainsdevraitêtredanslazonesubtropicalehumide.Le professeur CarlSauer,quiafaitdesrecherchesexceptionnellessurl'originede l'agriculture ulture, estime que les régions côtières de l'Asie du Sud-Est peuvent être le premier endroit où l'homme s'est développé.
Theprimitiveancestorsweknowaboutarefewinnumber, scatteredonapieceofland, andafterthepopulationincreases, theywillmigrateanddeveloparound.Accordingtotheknowledgeofgeographyandarchaeology, therearemanystraitsonthesurfaceoftheearth, blockingthetrafficbetweencontinents.Butifthesealeveldropsby90meters, manystraitscanbecomelandbridges, facilitatinghumancommunication.ThemostfamouslandbridgesincludetheBeringStraitthatconnectsNorthAmericaandAsia, theStraitofDoverthatconnectsBritainandEurope, theDardanellesthatconnectsAsiaandEurope, andtheStraitofMalaccathatconnectsMalaysiaandSumatra.OthersincludetheSicilyStraitthatconnectsAfrica, theTsushimaStraitthatconnectsNorthKoreaandJapan, theSundaStraitthatconnectsSumatraandJava, theTorresStraitthatconnectsNewGuineaandAustralia, andtheBassStraitthatconnectssouthernAustraliaandTasmania..IfintheQuaternary, suchstraitsretreatedduringtheiceageandthesealeveldroppedandbecamealandbridgeconnectingtheland, whichwouldbeconducivetothemigrationofhumanancestors.Thisisbeyonddoubt.Theh umanancestorsmovedacrossthelandbridgetoexpandthedistributionrange.Duetothedifferentnaturalenvironmentsontheground, differencesintemperature, précipitations, ensoleillement, etc., alongwiththedevelopmentofhumansocietyandhumanbodytypes, variousracesoftheworldhavebeendifferentiated.Forexample, melaninhasthefunctionofabsorbingultravioletrays, whichcanprotectthebloodvessels, nervesandmusclesundertheskinfromdirectultravioletrays.PeoplewhohavelivedintheequatorofAfricaforalongtimebecomeblackpeople.Theirhaircurlsandcoverstheirheads, whichhastheeffectofheatinsulation.However, peoplewholiveincoldregionsofhighlatitudesforalongtimehavehighandnarrownoses, whichmakescoldairenterthetracheaandlungsmoreslowly.Theyarestouterthantropicalresidents, andtheirskinispalerthantropicalones.Inancienthumans, transportationwasnoteasyandwasrestrictedbythenaturalenvironment.Variousgroupsofpeoplelivedinisolatedgeographicalareasforalongtime, andformeddifferentadaptabilitycharacteristicsinphysique.Thesecharacteristicsareinheritedfromgenerationtog génération, de sorte que les êtres humains sont divisés en diverses races avec des différences physiques évidentes sur le terrain.
Théorie de la civilisation
D'où est née la civilisation humaine ? Par exemple, la « Pravda » russe a exclusivement divulgué que la dernière recherche a révélé que la civilisation des êtres humains sur la terre peut provenir du continent antarctique couvert par des milliers d'années de bureau et de neige ! Et cette découverte a été soutenue sept fois par le grand scientifique Einstein.
Einstein : La civilisation préhistorique peut exister en Antarctique.
Selon la "Pravda" russe, Einstein et de nombreux scientifiques croient fermement que l'Antarctique, qui est maintenant sans vie et sans vie, était autrefois le berceau de la civilisation humaine !
Einsteinbelievedthatmorethan10,000yearsago, theNorthPolewasnotattheNorthPole, butnearthenorthcoast; theSouthPolewasnotattheSouthPole, butinthetemperatezoneofCanada.Atthattime, theAntarcticcontinentwithsuitabletemperatureandclimatemayhavebredahighlydevelopedancientcivilization.However, goodtimesarenotalwaysgood.Becausetheearth'scrusthasmovedcounterclockwise, theNorthPoledriftstotheNorthPole, andtheSouthPoledriftstotheSouthPoleoftheiceandsnow.Theclimateissuddenlyabnormallycold, thecontinentiscoveredbyiceandsnow, andAntarcticcivilizationdisappears.Itisveryinterestingthat, farfrombeingtheonlyonewhoholdsthisview, Einsteinholdsasimilarview-thathumancivilizationmayhaveoriginatedfromancientAntarctica, andtherearenotafewscientists.
L'ancienne carte est une vue à vol d'oiseau depuis le ciel
Ce n'est pas sensationnel : la carte antique a révélé les secrets de l'Antarctique sous la glace.
Selon le journal Pravda, Einstein et d'autres scientifiques ne sont pas sensationnels ou hypocrites, mais il s'agit de preuves considérables.
Enfait, sinceWorldWarII, theideaof possibleprehistoriccivilizationinAntarcticahasbeenrepeatedlymentioned.Manyhistorians, anthropologistsandarchaeologistshaveturnedtheirattentiontothatarea.Theiceandsnow, oneoftheincredibleancientmapshasstrengthenedthescientificcommunity'sthinkingaboutAntarctica.In1840, KhalilEdhai, directoroftheIstanbulNationalMuseum, foundapeculiarancientmapinTopkapiPalaceinIstanbul, Turkey.Thisancientmapwasdiscoveredatthebeginningofthe18thcentury, anditappearstobeacopy.Onthemap, exceptfortheMediterraneanregion, whichisveryaccurate, otherregionssuchasAmericaandAfricaareseriouslydeformed.Whenscientistsfurtherstudiedtheancientmap, theyweresurprisedtofindthatthisancientmapwasactuallyabird's-eyeviewfromtheair, whichlookedlikeareplicaofthephototakenbythe "Apollo8 "vaisseau spatial. Sur cette carte, les contours déformés de l'Amérique et de l'Afrique coïncident complètement avec la photo prise par le vaisseau spatial " Apollo ". , WhichisthesameastheAntarcticexpedition'ssurveyoftheAntarcticsubglacialterrainwiththeechosounderin1952.WhohasmasteredspaceaerialphotographytechnologyinancienttimesandhassuchagoodknowledgeofAntarcticterrain? IsittruethatAntarcticawasonceinhabited? Plus tard, scientistsfinallyfoundtheoriginalofthismap.ThismapwasdrawnbyAdmiralPierreReisoftheTurkishEmpireFleetin1513.ItmarkedthismysteriouslandalmosttwohundredyearsagowhenitwasdiscoveredinAntarctica.Comeout, andtheAntarcticahepaintedisnotfrozen.Accordingtohisexplanationintheblankspacesofthemap, hewasdrawingwithreferencetomoreandoldermaps.In1949, theUnitedKingdomandSweden'sjointAntarcticexpeditionconductedaverythoroughinvestigationofthiscontinentatthesouthernmosttipoftheworld, andtraveledacrossthecontinentcoveredwiththickice.Asaresult, theAntarcticcontinentandthemapdepictedbyLeisareveryconsistent.Theerrorofimportantlandmarksisonlywithin0.5degreesoflongitude.Thisprecisionhasbeenaheadofthetechnologyatthattimeformorethantwohundredyears.Itwasnotuntil1735thath La civilisation humaine pourrait à nouveau battre une telle précision. Cartographier la carte sous le degré. La question se pose, qui une terre représente l'Antarctique ?
Incroyable entendre : Il y avait de la neige et de la glace en Antarctique il y a 6 000 ans ?
TheoverallshapeandoutlineofAntarcticaonthemapofLeisresemblethecontinentshownonmodernmaps.Antarcticaisclosetothecenterofthecontinent, notfarfromwhatmodernmapsshow; themountainssurroundingthecoastarereminiscentofthemanymountainsfoundinAntarcticainthe21stcentury; theriversoriginatefromthesemountainsandmeandertothesea; everyriverfollows.Itlooksverynaturalandveryreliabledrainagemode.ThisshowsthatwhentheearliestmapofAntarcticawasdrawn, thecoastofthiscontinentwasstillnotcoveredbyiceandsnow.However, theinlandofAntarcticashownonthemapin2018hascompletelydisappearedfromriversandmountains, andiscoveredwithsnowandice.In1532, OrentiusFenausdrewamapoftheworldbasedonhistoricaldata, andmarkedtheriverbedsontheAntarcticonthemap.In1949, AdmiralBeldaledanexpeditiontotheRossSeainAntarctica.ItwasfoundthattheriverbedmarkedbyFeinausonthemapwasverysimilartothesceneontheground.Intheseriverbeds, therearemanymid-latitudefine-grainedrocksandothersedimentsthatwerebroughttoAntarcticabytheriveranddeposited.Later, scientistsattheC arnegieInstitutioninWashingtonstudiedthesesedimentsandfoundthattheyweremorethan6,000yearsold.Inotherwords, 6000yearsago, Antarcticawasintheearlyperiodoftheglacierandwasverywarm, withriversrushing, verdantvegetation, andfullofvitality.TheFeinausmapclearlyconfirmedanastonishinglyheardview: Antarcticawasvisitedandevensettledbyhumansbeforeitwascompletelycoveredinsnowandice.Ifthisisthecase, thenthepersonwhooriginallymappedtheAntarcticashouldbeanAntarcticwholivedinanextremelyancientera.
Trois spéculations : le mystère de la disparition de la civilisation préhistorique antarctique
? Basedonthis, canweimaginethattheAntarcticcontinentwasinatemperatezonemorethan10,000yearsago.Thesuperiornaturalenvironmentgavebirthtoahighlydevelopedcivilization, evencomparabletothescientificlevelofthe18thcentury.Thepeopletheremasteredadvancednavigationtechnologyandastronomicalknowledge, andtheyledafleetofshipsthatshuttledbetweentheoceaniccontinents.Theybroughttheircivilizationtoeverycorneroftheworld, broughtwisdomandmiraclestothewildandbackwardcontinents, andbecameabridgeforculturalexchangesandconnectionsbetweeneachother.Buthowcouldthiscivilizationsuddenlydisappearfromtheearthwithoutleavingatrace Basedonthis, scientistsputforwardthreespeculations: Tout d'abord, itmaybethattheearth'scrustsuddenlychanged, whichcausedahugedisaster.Thefloodfloodedtheentireworld, andalsofloodedthekingdomsandpeoplethatoncespreadcivilization.Inaddition, somescientistsbelievethattheprehistoriccivilizationofAntarcticahasnotcompletelydisappeared.Perhapsbecauseofchangesintheearth'sclimate, theAntarcticcontinentwasgraduallycoveredb la glace et la neige, et l'ancienne civilisation préhistorique a été ensevelie à jamais par une épaisse couche de glace.
La force motrice fondamentale
En apprenant l'histoire du monde, vous pouvez clairement vous rendre compte que la science et la technologie sont la force motrice fondamentale du progrès de la civilisation humaine.
FromthethirdcenturyBCtothefifteenthcentury, itwasthedarkyearsoftheEuropeanMiddleAges.Religionruledmankindandsciencebecamethehandmaidoftheology.Itwasindustrialtechnologicalrevolutionagainandagain, whichenabledmankindtounderstandtheobjectiveworld.Ahugeleaphastakenplace, andtheabilitytotransformtheworldhasundergonearevolutionarychange.Thefirstindustrialrevolutionoccurredfrom1750to1850, whichledtothewidespreadapplicationofcoalasanewenergysource.Textilemachines, steamengines, wiredcommunicationsandinorganicchemicalmaterials, blastfurnacesteelmakingtechnology, etc.cameoutoneafteranother, openinguptechnologicalprogressandindustrialinnovation.NewEra.From1850totheeveofWorldWarII, theSecondIndustrialRevolutionmadeoilandelectricitynewenergysources.Engines, internalcombustionengines, automobiles, avions, convertersteelmaking, organicchemicalmaterials, les téléphones et les radiocommunications sont devenus un développement économique et une force motrice pour le développement social. De la seconde guerre mondiale aux années 80, la troisième révolution industrielle ookplace.Newenergysourcessuchasatomicenergycametothefore.Computers, circuits intégrés, opticalfibercommunications, geneticengineering, Automatisme, andflexibleprocessingsystemsmadetheworld'sscienceandtechnologyhappen.Withaleapinenergylevels, profoundchangeshavetakenplaceintheindustrialstructure.Sincethe1980s, thenewtechnologicalrevolutionispromotingthesurgingandimpactofthefourthindustrialrevolution.Thefrontierofcontemporaryscienceisgestatingnewmajorbreakthroughs, suchasmicroelectronicstechnology, informationdans, biotechnologie, newmaterialtechnology, Haut-techindustrygroupssuchasnewenergytechnology, spacetechnology, marinetechnology, humanlifesciencetechnology, andmannedspacetechnologyarerisingrapidly.Thecontributionrateoftechnologytoeconomicgrowthhasrisenfrom5- 10 % au début du XXe siècle à environ 80 %. Le premier vol spatial habité de mon pays, le 15 octobre 2003, a marqué un autre grand pas en avant pour le pays en atteignant le sommet de la science humaine et de la technologie.
Takinghistoryasamirror, wecanclearlyseethateveryadvancementinscienceandtechnologyhasbroughtpeople'sunderstandingoftheworldtoanewheight, theabilitytotransformtheworldhasachievedanewleap, andtheeconomy, Societyandhumancivilizationhaverisentoanewlevel.Everyachievementofscienceandtechnologyistheproductofhumancreativelaborandthecrystallizationofscientificexplorationandtechnologicalinnovation.Promotingscientificandtechnologicalprogressisagreatpracticetoliberateanddevelopproductiveforces.Theapplicationofscientificandtechnologicalachievementsisthetransformationofpotentialproductivityintoactualproductivity.Itscycleisgettingshorterandshorter, andtheeconomicandsocialbenefitsgeneratedaregettingbiggerandbigger.Ithasplayedafirstroleinmoderneconomicandsocialdevelopment.
La concurrence économique mondiale d'aujourd'hui et la concurrence de force nationale se manifestent de plus en plus comme un concours de science et de technologie.
In1988, ComradeDengXiaopinglookedattheworldsituationandputforwardthescientificthesisthat "scienceandtechnologyistheprimaryproductiveforce" withthemajesticcourageandtheoreticalcourageofthegreatproletarianrevolutionariesandMarxists, andformulateditforourcountryTheprinciplesandpoliciesofreformandopeningupandeconomicdevelopmentinthenewperiodhavelaidtheideologicalandtheoreticalfoundation.Topracticetheimportantthinkingofthe "ThreeRepresents" andbuildawell-offsocietyinanall-Roundway, wemustrelyonscientificandtechnologicalprogress.
Processus d'évolution
La société humaine a connu l'âge de la civilisation agricole pendant plus de 5 000 ans et l'ère de la civilisation industrielle pendant plus de 300 ans. Alors, quelle nouvelle ère de civilisation évoluera-t-elle dans le futur ?
Selon le point de vue de YuLuo·Hongye sur le développement de la civilisation mondiale : l'évolution de la civilisation industrielle humaine a connu la Renaissance européenne et s'est développée à l'ère du colonialisme et du capital ;
PrimitiveCivilisation
Primitivecivilizationisadevelopmentsystemthatiscompletelycontrolledbynature.Humanlifeiscompletelydependentonthegiftofnature.Hunting, huntingandgatheringarethemainactivitiesofthedevelopmentsystem, andthemostimportantproductionlabor.Theresultsofaccumulatedexperience: stonetools, bowsandarrows, andfireareimportantinventionsofprimitivecivilization.Thematerialproductionactivitiesofprimitivesocietydirectlyusednaturalobjectsaspeople'smeansofliving, andtheirabilitytodevelopandcontrolnaturewasextremelylimited.Agriculturalcivilizationisadevelopmentsysteminwhichmankindexploresnature.Manmadetheinitialdevelopmentofnature (about10,000yearsago), fromprimitivecivilizationtoagriculturalcivilization, scientificandtechnologicalachievementsbegantoappear: bronze, de fer, de la poterie, l'écriture, la fabrication du papier, l'impression, etc. .Les principales activités de production sont l'agriculture et l'élevage. En créant des conditions appropriées, l'homme peut grandir et multiplier les espèces dont il a besoin, et ne plus compter sur les aliments prêts à l'emploi fournis par la nature. tendu vers un certain nombre de sources d'énergie renouvelables (énergie animale, énergie hydraulique, etc.). Les outils de la ferme sidérurgique ont transformé les produits du travail humain de « donnés et acceptés » à « activement demandés ».
IndustrielSocialCivilisation
Industrialcivilizationisadevelopmentsystemforhumanstoconquernature.Withtheunprecedenteddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandsocialproductivity, ithasshiftedfromagriculturalcivilizationtoindustrialcivilization.Mankindbegantoregarditselfasanatural "conquérant", andtheexcessivedevelopmentofnaturehascausedadeepenvironmentalcrisis.Inparticular, theriseofanalyticalandexperimentalmethodsinscientificexplorationactivitiesbeganto "Interroger" et "torture" nature.Atthistime, la science, technologyandeducationfocusedonthepromotionanddevelopmentoftheeconomy, andcapitalistcountriesvigorouslypromotededucationandtechnology, forminganunprecedentedEconomicproductivity.Industrialcivilizationisanerainwhichmankindusestheweaponsofscienceandtechnologytocontrolandtransformnatureandachieveunprecedentedvictories.Withsteamengines, electricmotors, ordinateurs, andnuclearreactors, everytechnologicalrevolutionhasestablishedanewmonumentof "humanizingnature" andarmedagriculturewithindustry .Lesactivitésdedéveloppementdurablede l'industrieciv Ilisationsontprincipalementmanifestéesdanslesactivitésmatériellesdeconquêtedelanature.À cette époque,sont également apparues des crises écologiques,desressources,delapopulationetd'autrescrises sans précédent,devenuesdesfacteursfonctionnelsimportantsdusystèmededéveloppementdurable.
civilisation écologique
Ecologicalcivilizationisasocialsysteminwhichhumansandnaturewillachievecoordinateddevelopment.Ecologicalcivilizationisthefourthstageofcivilizationin "socialmemory" .Itisacivilizationbasedonhighlydevelopedknowledge, l'éducation, andtechnology.Itemphasizesthatthenaturalworldisthecornerstoneofhumansurvivalanddevelopment, anditisclearthathumansocietymustoccurwithnatureonanecologicalbasis.Onlythroughinteractionandcommondevelopmentcantheeconomyandsocietyofmankindcontinuetodevelop.Therefore, theco-evolutionofmankindandthelivingenvironmentisecologicalcivilization.Ecologicalcivilizationisnolongerapuredevelopmentsystem, butaharmoniousdevelopmentsocialsystem.Sincethesustainabledevelopmentsystemisauniversalcomplexcompositesystem, andanevolutionaryopensystem, itsevolutionarybasisistoinheritallthepositivefactorsofpreviouscivilizations, soecologicalcivilizationalsoencompassesalltheachievementsofhumancivilization, itstheoryandpracticeThefoundationisdirectlybasedonindustrialcivilization.Itistheresultofrethinkingthee Les avantages économiquesde la civilisation industrielleau détriment de l'environnement.Il s'agit d'unchangementprofonddudéveloppementdelacivilisationindustrielletraditionnelleaudéveloppementd'unecivilisationécologiquemoderne.
La portée de la civilisation humaine
Le système solaire dans le quatrième bras de l'armin d'Orion dans la Voie Lactée
Citations Connexes
Ce qui suit sont des célébrités sur les humains
Pouvoir enrichir ses loisirs avec sagesse est la dernière étape de la civilisation humaine .——Russell
Pour les scientifiques, le principe insurmontable est de travailler pour la civilisation humaine .——Needham
L'augmentation de la richesse et l' augmentation des loisirs sont les deux éléments majeurs qui favorisent la civilisation humaine .——Disraeli
Qu'il s'agisse de la civilisation chinoise ou d' autres civilisations du monde, c'est le résultat de la civilisation humaine .——XiJinping
Protéger les langues nationales est propice à l' héritage et au développement de la civilisation humaine , ainsi qu'à l'unité nationale et à la stabilité sociale.——ZhouHaizhong