typewriter

Introduction

Thetextandcharacterkeysarearrangedintheorderof"QWERTY"andaredividedintothreelines.Inadditiontothegeneralcharacterkeys,thetypewriteralsohassomefunctionkeyssuchasspace,carriagereturn,linefeed,andmoveup.Thetypewriterkeyboardhadagreatinfluenceonlatercomputerkeyboards.Therearetwotypesoftyping:hardtypingandsofttyping.Hardtypingistodirectlyhittheletterorheadofthewordonaroller,whichbelongstomechanicaltyping;softtypingusesdotmatrixtoprinthandwritingthroughinkjet,needle,thermaltransfer,laserandothermethods,whichbelongstoelectronictyping.

Classification

Accordingtotextform

Therearetwotypes.

Chinesetypewritersareusuallyfull-charactertypewriters,consistingofabody,aframe,adial,acarriage,ahorizontalgrid,astraightgrid,aribbon,arollerstand,andaroller.Thedialcanholdmorethan2,400commonlyusedChinesecharactersandmorethan3,600sparecharacters.Whentyping,thewordhammeronthebodyextractslettersfromthedialthroughthelinkagemechanism,andthenknocksontheribbonorwaxpaperfixedontheroller,andthenautomaticallyresetsandfallsintotheoriginalwordgridhole.

MechanicalPinyintexttypewriter,usuallycomposedofabody,ahead(roller),akeyboard,aribbon,andatypingdevice(types,chrysanthemum,ball,etc.).Whentyping,presstheletterbutton,throughvarioushooksofdifferentgeometricsizes,startthewordrow,hitthetoproller,andthenreturnthewordplatetoitsoriginalpositionbythetensionofthewirespring.

Accordingtosize

Itcanbedividedintoportabletypewriterandstandardtypewriter(desktoptypewriter).

Accordingtotheoperatingstructureperformance

Itcanbedividedinto:

Themechanicaltypewriterisamanualstriketype.Itisanearlytypewriterwithlowefficiencyandsinglefunction.

Theelectrictypewriterisatouchtype,withlighttypingpower,consistentfontweight,uniformcolor,andfastandaccuratelinechange.

Electronictypewritersareintelligent,designedwithafusionofmechanicalandelectronictechnology.Thefunctionsincludeprogrammederrorcorrectiondevices,memorydevices,positioningautomatictabletypingdevices,etc.,andthetypingnoiseindexislow.Electronictypewritersaredividedintohandwritingtypewriters,voice-activatedtypewriters,lightpentypewritersandgraphictypewriters.

Withtherapiddevelopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,variousnewtypesofelectronictypewriters,microcomputers,graphicfaxmachinesandothermodernofficeandtextinformationprocessingequipmentcontinuetoemergeandarewidelyused,greatlyexpandingThescopeoftheconceptofmechanicaltypewriter.

Duetotheneedsofcommunicationsystemsandcomputers,typewritershavedevelopedtowardautomaticcontrolandhigh-speedprinting,anda"commonlanguage"intheformofcodedelectricalsignalshasappeared.

Sincethe1980s,typewritershavefurtherdevelopedinthedirectionofintelligence.Typewriterswithliquidcrystaldisplay,typewriterswithstoragedevices,stylustypewriters,teletypewritersusedwithcommunicationequipment,andelectroniccomputershaveappeared.Input,outputtypewriterandsoon.

History

Beforeitsbirth

Inthe19thcentury,clerksintheofficeruledtheworld.Theyweresittingathigh-endwritingdesks,writingvariousthingswiththeirhandsstrenuously.Orderforms,shippinglists,businesslettersandreportsareallwrittenwithpendippedinink.

Formanyyears,manypeoplehavetriedtoinventamachinethatmakesthisjobeasier,faster,andmoreefficient.Asearlyas1714,BritishengineerHenryMillobtainedapatentforawritingmachine,butdidnotleaveanydrawingsofthisthing.Later,manydifferenttypesoftypewriterswereinventedoneafteranother,butnoneofthemhadpracticalvalueandfailedtobeofficiallyproduced.

Born

Theearliesttypewriterintheworldwasbornin1808.ItwasinventedbytheItalianPelleriniTurri.Hismotivationforinventingthetypewriterwastohelponeofhisblindgirlfriends.Later,thistypewriterwaslost,sowecannotknowitsshapeandstructuretoday,buttheletterstypedusingthistypewriterarestillkeptinthearchivesofReggio,Italy.

TheEnglishtypewriterthatwasputintocommercialproductionforthefirsttimewasproducedbyJurgensMachineryCompanyinCopenhagen,Denmark.TheinventorofthemachinewasapriestnamedMarinHansen.

TheinventorofthefirstpracticalandrealtypewriterwasanAmericannamedChristophLarsonShoals.Inthe1860s,ChristopherRashamShoals(alsotranslatedasChristopherLarsenShoals)andCarlosGliddenweretryingoutamachinethatcouldautomaticallynumberpages.machine.Suddenly,GliddenaskedScholesforadviceonwhythemachinedidnotprintonthebookatthesametime.Shoalsrosetothechallengeandmadeawoodenmodelofatypewriter.

ThedialoftheShoalstypewriterisbasicallythesameasthatoftoday'stypewriters,andthedeviceisdesignedtoautomaticallyshiftaftertyping,andthetypingisalsoveryclear.However,theShoalstypewriterisverylarge,uglyinappearance,andcumbersometooperate,becausethedialhedesignedhasitsownkeysforuppercaseandlowercaseletters,andthereare78keysonthekeyboard.Inaddition,thistypewritercannotobservethetypedcharacters.Eveniftheyaretypedincorrectly,theymustwaitfortheentirepagetobetypedbeforetheycanbeseen.

Development

Almostatthesametime,Jost,whowasonceaShoalscollaborator,wasalsoworkingontypewriterswithfundingfromacompany.Heusedajoysticktoenablethesamekeytotypeuppercaseandlowercaselettersseparately,whichreducedthenumberofkeysonthekeyboardby26atonce.Yostalsomadeimprovementstothetypingpartsothattheoperatorcanseethetypedwordsatanytime.Itofficiallyenteredthemarketin1874.Sincethen,typewritershavebeenquicklypromoted,andcountriessuchasBritain,Germany,Switzerland,Sweden,andItalyhavealsomadetypewritersoneafteranother,forminganewtypewritermanufacturingindustry.

By1927,whenthisadvertisementoftheItaliancompanyOlivettiwaspublished,typewriterswerecommonplaceinofficesthroughoutEuropeandAmerica.

Aweaponmanufacturer,RemingtonCorporation,wasawareofthepotentialuseoftheShoalsdesignandboughttheproductionrightstoit.Theystartedproductionin1873andsoldthousandsoftypewritersinthreeyears.Clerksbegantobereplacedbysecretaries,andbusinesscorrespondencecompletelychangeditsappearance.

Aftermanypeople'simprovements,thestructureofthemechanicaltypewriterwasbasicallyfinalizedatthebeginningofthiscentury.Inthelate1970s,withthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,computertypewritersappearedintheUnitedStates.Thecomputertypewriterisalsocalledawordprocessor.Fromthenamealone,wecanseethatitsfunctionisdifferentfromthetraditionalmechanicaltypewriter.Itcannotonlytype,butalsohasstoragefunctions.Itisalsoveryconvenienttomodifyandedit.Therefore,itwaspopularallovertheworldinthe1980s.WanganComputerCompany,knownforitsresearchandproductionofcomputertypewriters,wasonceoneofthemostprofitablehigh-techcompaniesintheUnitedStates.InadditiontoEnglishandothercomputertypewritersthatdirectlyformlanguages​​withletters,computertypewritersforChinese,Japanese,Koreanandothersquarecharactershavealsoappearedallovertheworld.Butthegoodtimesdidnotlastlong.Withthefurtherdevelopmentofpersonalcomputer(PC)technology,computertypewritersweresoonreplacedbyincreasinglypowerfulpersonalcomputers.WanganComputerCompanywasintroubleintheearly1990sbecauseitdidnotfollowthetrendoftechnologyanddemanddevelopmentintime.Butwecanstillseetheinfluenceoftheoldmechanicaltypewritersfromtheorderofthe26Englishlettersonthecomputerkeyboardstoday.

Intheearly20thcentury,ChinatriedtoproducetwoChinesetypewriters,ShustyleandYustyle,andbegantoproducePinyintypewritersinthe1970s.

Theinventionofthetypewriterisnolessthananindustrialrevolution,itisactuallytheprototypeofthecomputerkeyboard.Butinthatera,thismagicalmachinefreedusfromtheshacklesofwritingwithapenandstartedanewculturalprocess.

Ending

Typewritershavebeenagoodpartnerforpeopletoprintdocumentsformorethan100years.Thecracklingsoundoftypingandtheinkonthepaperwerenotinthemovies.

Anindispensablescene,butonApril27,2011,GodrejandBoyce,announcedtheclosureofbusiness,becausethetypewriterbusinesswasforcedtoacornerbythecomputer,theywillstopproducingtypewriterproductsinMumbai,India.Thismeansthattherewillnolongerbemass-producedtypewritersintheworld.

OnNovember21,2012,Brother(Brother)announcedtheclosureofitstypewriterproductionplantinNorthWales,andthelasttypewritertobeofftheassemblylinewilldirectlyentertheLondonScienceMuseumasasymbolofanera.Since1885,thecompanyhasproduced5.9millionWrexhamtypewriters.After130years,itwasfinallycompletelyreplacedbycomputers.