History
EarlyHistory
ToliCountyhasbeenlocatedintheWesternRegionssinceancienttimes,duringtheQinandHanDynasties,ThecountyisanomadiclandofmanyethnicgroupssuchastheXiongnu,Serbian,Wusunandsoon.
IntheWesternHanDynasty,itbelongedtotheProtectorateoftheWesternRegions.DuringtheEasternHanDynasty,theHangeneralDouXiansmashedtheXiongnu,andtheXianbeipeopletransferredtotheirland.ThecountybelongedtothepastureoftheXianbeiregime.
DuringtheWei,Jin,SouthernandNorthernDynasties,itbelongedtotheRouranregimeandtheTurkicKhanatesuccessively.
IntheSuiDynasty,itbelongedtotheWesternTurkicKhanate.
Twenty-threeyearsofTangZhenguan(649years),theYaochiDuduMansionwasestablishedinTangDynasty,underthejurisdictionofAnxiDuhufu,andTuoliwasunderitsjurisdiction.
InthefirstyearofYanqingintheWestLiaoDynasty(1124),YeluDashiproclaimedtheemperorinYemili,andYanqingwasfoundedintheYuanDynasty.TheTuoliareawasunderthejurisdictionofXiliao.
Inthe21styearoftheMongolTaizu(1227),TuolibelongedtothefiefofGenghisKhan'sthirdsonWoKuotai.
Inthethirty-fifthyearofWanliofMingDynasty(1607),TuolibelongedtothenomadiclandofTurhute.
Inthetwenty-seventhyearofQianlongintheQingDynasty(1762),TuoliwasunderthejurisdictionofGeneralYili.
IntheseventhyearoftheRepublicofChina(1918),TuoliwasunderthejurisdictionofEminCounty.
Inthe34thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1945),itwasunderthejurisdictionofEminCounty,theTachengCommissioner'sOfficeoftheRevolutionaryGovernmentofthe"ThreeDistricts".
OnApril30th,inthe38thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1949),KelibanCountywasseparatedfromEminCounty,whichbelongedtothe"ThreeDistricts"RevolutionaryGovernmentTachengSpecialAdministration.
AfterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina
InJuly1950,KelihalfcountywasrenamedKeliCentralDistrictandwasunderthejurisdictionofTachengPrefecture.
InOctober1952,KeliCentralDistrictwasabolishedandTuoliCountywasestablished.TheTuoliCountyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandthePeople'sGovernmentofTuoliCountywereestablished.
InSeptember1954,IliKazakhAutonomousPrefecturewasestablished,andTuoliCountyisunderthejurisdictionofTachengPrefectureofIliKazakhAutonomousPrefecture.
OnApril1,1956,theTuoliCountyPeople’sGovernmentwasrenamedtheCountyPeople’sCommittee.
OnMarch26,1970,theTuoliCountyRevolutionaryCommitteewasestablished.
InJuly1981,theTuoliCountyRevolutionaryCommitteewasabolishedandtheTuoliCountyPeople’sGovernmentwasrestored.
Administrativedivisions
Divisionalevolution
OnApril30,1949,theTachengSpecialAdministrationtooktheeighth,ninth,andtenthdistrictsofEminCountyMinCountywasseparatedintoKeliBanCounty,with3districtsunderitsjurisdiction.
InJuly1950,KelihalfcountywasrenamedKeliCentralDistrict.
InOctober1952,TuoliCountywasestablished,with5districtsand30townshipsunderitsjurisdiction.
In1956,aranchwasbuilt.InSeptember1958,districtsandtownshipswereremoved,5districtswererebuiltand5people’scommuneswererebuilt,and30townshipswererebuiltand28productionbrigadeswererebuilt.
InMarch1960,theFive-StarPeople’sCommunewasplacedunderYuminCounty.
In1984,thecommunitywaswithdrawnandthetownshipwasbuilt.In1990,TuoliCountygoverned4townships,3towns,4pastures,1farmand2forestfarms.Thereare40administrativevillages,7residents'committees,and1villager'scommitteeunderthejurisdictionofthetownshipandtownship.
InJanuary2001,itwaswithdrawnandmergedintotowns.
InMay2007,theTuoliCountyPeople’sGovernmentmadeadecisiontorevoketheGarbasFarmestablishmentandtransferred3villageswithinthejurisdictionoftheformerGarbasFarmtothemanagementofDoratTownship,andtheDoratTownshipGovernmentMovedtotheformerofficeoftheGarbasFarmManagementCommittee.
Zoningdetails
Asof2011,TuoliCountyhasjurisdictionover3townsand4townships,namelyTuoliTown,TiechanggouTown,MiaoergouTown,KufuTownship,andDuolaTeTownship,WuxueteTownship,AkbelidouTownship;ithas66administrativevillagesand10communities(residentcommittees)underitsjurisdiction.
GeographicalEnvironment
Location
ToliCountyislocatedinthenorthwesternpartofXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,JunggarOnthewestsideofthebasin,thesoutheastoftheTa'eBasin,theinnergeographyoftheEurasiancontinent.TotheeastisKaramayCity,tothewesttoYuminCounty,tothesouthtoWusuCity,JingheCounty,andBoleCity,totheeasttoKaramayCityandBuxelMongoliaAutonomousCounty,tothesouthwesttotheRepublicofKazakhstan,andtothenorth.AtthejunctionofMinCounty.TuoliCountyislocatedat44°58'～46°24'northlatitudeand82°28'～85°20'eastlongitude.Theborderlineisabout58kilometerslong.Thecountyis221.6kilometerslongfromeasttowest,159.3kilometerswidefromnorthtosouth,withatotalareaof21,300squarekilometers.ThecountytownofTuoliis512kilometersawayfromUrumqi,thecapitaloftheautonomousregion,703kilometersawayfromYining,thecapitalofIliKazakhAutonomousPrefecture,and123kilometersawayfromTacheng,theregionalresident.
Topography
ToliCountyisbroadfromeasttowest,narrowfromnorthtosouth,andbelongstothewrinklebeltofthewesternedgeoftheJunggarplatform,consistingofthreeflattops:Barruk,Mayil,andJiayier.Mountainscomposition.Theterritoryismountainous,accountingfor77.68%ofthetotalareaofTuoliCounty.Theterrainishighinthesouthandlowinthenorth,descendinginsteps,withanaverageelevationof1,500meters.Accordingtothetopographiccharacteristics,itcanbedividedintothreetypesoflandforms:mountains,slopingplains,andvalleys.Mountainscanbedividedintosub-alpinebelts,middle-lowmountainbeltsandhills.Middle-lowmountainbeltsandhillscanonlybeusedaswinterpasturesorspringandautumnpastures.Theslopingplaincanbedividedintotwoparts,thesouthandthenorth.
Geology
TheexposedstratainTuoliCountyarediverse.ThePaleozoicstrataarewidelydistributed,mainlybelongingtotheOrdovician,Silurian,Devonian,andCarbonseries.TheMesozoicstrataaremainlydistributedinTiechanggouandBaiyangRiverValley,belongingtotheJurassicandCretaceous.TheJurassicbelongstothecoal-bearinglayerofcontinentallacustrinesediments,andtheCretaceousbelongstothelacustrinefaciesstrata,whicharemostlydistributedintheJiayierMountainandtheMayileMountain.TheCenozoicstrataaremainlydistributedintheTuoliValley,theeasternpartofTiechanggou,andtheAkberidouarea,belongingtotheTertiaryandQuaternary.TheTertiarybelongstotheriver-lakefaciesstrata.Theoriginofthequaternarysystemismorecomplicatedandbelongstothecompanionstrata.Becauseitiscomposedofaeoliandepositsinrivers,lakesandmarshes,thethicknessofthesoilvaries.Thesoilisthickerinthenorth,andthinnerintheTuoliValleytotheBaiyangheareaintheeast.
Climate
TuoliCountyislocatedintheheartoftheEurasiancontinent,withatemperatecontinentalsemi-aridclimate.Thewinteriscoldandlong,andthespringheatsupquicklybutnotstable;thesummerisshortandcool,andtheautumntemperaturedropsquickly.Thereismoresunshinethroughouttheyear,witheasterlyandsoutherlywindsprevailing.Theannualaveragetemperatureis6.1℃.ThehottestmonthoftheyearisJuly,andthemonthlyaveragetemperatureis20.9℃;thecoldestmonthisDecember,andtheaveragetemperatureis-9.7℃.Thefrost-freeperiodis155days.Thetemperaturechangessignificantlyfromdaytoyear,andcoldairinvadesinautumn,winterandspring.Theprecipitationismainlyconcentratedinsummerandincreaseswiththeincreaseinaltitude.Theannualprecipitationis246.9mm.Theaverageannualrealnumberofsunshineis2803.5hours.ThefamousLaofengkouinXinjiangislocatedontheUrumqi-Tachenghighway,26kilometerssouthofTuoliCounty.Theeasterlyandwesterlywindprevailinwinter.
Naturalresources
Waterresources
TherearenoglaciersinTuoli,nosnowinmountainsalltheyearround,andthegeneralcharacteristicsofwaterresourcesarethattherearemanywatersourcesandsmallrunoff.Itisscatteredandwide,withstrongseasonality.Surfacewaterresourcesaremainlysnowmeltinmountainoushillsandatmosphericprecipitation.Thedryseasonsofwinterandsummeraremainlysuppliedbygroundwater.Thereare46gully-typeriversinTuoliCounty,withshortflow,smallwatervolumeandfastseepage;springwaterismostlyintheoverflowzoneoftheloweralluvialplain.Itrunsindependentlyandisdirectlyintroducedintotheirrigationarea.Theaveragetotalrunoffinanormalyearis55.782millioncubicmeter.ThetotalamountofwaterresourcesinTuoliCountyis354millioncubicmeters,theusableamountis224millioncubicmeters,andtheusedamountis83millioncubicmeters,ofwhichthetotalsurfacewaterresourcesare193millioncubicmeters,andtheactualutilizationofthecountyis134millioncubicmeters,ofwhich45millioncubicmetershavebeenutilized;thetotalamountofgroundwaterresourcesusedis161millioncubicmeters,theexploitablereservesareabout89millioncubicmeters,andtheexploitedvolumeis38millioncubicmeters.
LandResources
In2011,thetotallandareaofTuoliCountywas21,300squarekilometers,whichisapproximately2.13millionhectares.Amongthem,theareaofarablelandis26,700hectares,theareaofwoodlandis221,100hectares,theareaofpastureandgrasslandis1.836millionhectares,andtheusablepasturehasreached1.1333millionhectares.
BiologicalResources
Inadditiontoexcellentdomesticanimalssuchassheep,cattle,horses,andcamels,TuoliCountyalsohasmorethan200speciesofwildanimals.Amongthem,thereare31speciesofbeasts,39speciesofbirds,20speciesoffishes,6speciesofamphibiansandreptiles,andmorethan150speciesofinsects.Animalsundernationalfirstandsecondprotectionincludesnowleopards,ibex,sables,swans,snowcocks,reddeer,yellowsheep,brownbears,etc.
Asof2011,therearemorethan1,400speciesofwildplants,includingabout1,300speciesofvegetationand150speciesofwoodyplants.Thetypesofeconomicalplantmedicinalmaterialsarerelativelyrich,about200kinds,andmorethan50kindshavebeendevelopedandused.Fritillaria,licorice,Cynomorium,Ephedra,Astragalus,Codonopsis,Cistanche(Dayun),Paeonia,etc.havelargeryields.Thetreespecieslistedasrareandprotectedincludespruce,Populuseuphratica,etc.,andplantsincludeXinjiangFritillaria,XinjiangAwei.
MineralResources
In2011,80%ofTuoliCountywaslocatedintheWesternJunggarmetallogenicbelt,withgoodminingconditionsandobviousdevelopmentadvantages.Themainmineralsarecoal,gold,chromium,iron,copper,granite,limestone,asbestosandother39kindsof416sites,ofwhichtheprovenchromiumorereservesareabout2.6milliontons,rankingfirstinthecountry;theprospectivereservesofgoldareabout500tons.
Populationandethnicity
Population
In2011,thetotalpopulationofTuoliCountywas97772(excludingthepopulationofthecorpsstationedinthecounty),andthetotalnumberofhouseholdswas28,656,ofwhichThereare12,599urbanhouseholds,16057agriculturalhouseholds(8210pastoralhouseholds),withanaveragehouseholdpopulationof3.4;ofwhich49,148aremalesand48,624arefemales;38,601arenon-agricultural,58931areagricultural,andnon-residents240people.Thenumberofbirthsthroughouttheyearwas1880,andthebirthratewas19.23‰;thenumberofdeathswas513,andthedeathratewas5.25‰;thepopulationincreasedby1,367,andthenaturalpopulationgrowthratewas13.98‰.
Nationalities
In2011,therewere26nationalitieslivinginthecounty,ofwhich72,992wereethnicminorities,accountingfor74.66%ofthetotalpopulation;theHanpopulationwas24,780,accountingfor25.34ofthetotalpopulation%;theKazakhpopulationis69780,accountingfor71.37%ofthetotalpopulation;theUygurpopulationis1,261,accountingfor1.29%ofthetotalpopulation;thepopulationofotherethnicgroupsis1,951,accountingfor2%ofthetotalpopulation.
PoliticalSystem
Toriken·Tielidane:DeputySecretaryoftheCountyPartyCommittee,CountyHeadoftheGovernment
LiJianguo:MemberoftheStandingCommitteeoftheCountyPartyCommittee,DeputyCountyHeadoftheGovernment
p>LiDeming:MemberoftheStandingCommitteeoftheCountyPartyCommittee,DeputyCountyMayoroftheGovernment
Akbar·Rouzi:MemberoftheStandingCommitteeoftheCountyPartyCommittee,DeputyCountyMayoroftheGovernment
CaiYusheng:MemberoftheStandingCommitteeoftheCountyPartyCommittee,DeputyGovernmentCountyChief
QinQingtao:DeputyCountyChiefoftheGovernment
NurlanBechker:DeputyCountyChiefoftheGovernment
XiaoZhong:DeputyCountyChiefofScienceandTechnologyoftheGovernment
ZhongYunxia:DeputyCountyMayoroftheGovernment
YersenUrazbai:DeputyCountyMayoroftheGovernment
EconomicDevelopment
Summary
In2011,TuoliCountyachievedaGDPof3.057billionyuan,anincreaseof17.1%over2010;theadjustmentofthethreeindustrialstructureswas11:72:17;thegeneralbudgetrevenueoflocalfinancewas201millionyuan,comparedwith2010.Theannualgrowthratewas30.6%;thetotalsocialinvestmentinfixedassetswas1.472billionyuan,anincreaseof43.67%over2010;thepercapitadisposableincomeofurbanresidentswas12,426yuan,andthepercapitanetincomeoffarmersandherdsmenwas5,153yuan,anincreaseof10.6%and17.3%respectivelyover2010.
InOctober2017,TuoliCountypassedthenationalspecialevaluationandinspection,andwasformallyapprovedbytheXinjiangAutonomousRegionPeople’sGovernmenttowithdrawfrompoverty-strickencounties.
Primaryindustry
In2011,theend-of-yearlivestockinventoryofTuoliCountywasstableat656,000,andtheslaughterrate,commodityrate,andend-of-yearinventoryratereached81.2%and74.4%,respectively.Theimmunizationrateofmajoranimaldiseasesreached100%,400householdsofsettledherderswerenewlyadded,18largelivestockcolddistributionstationswereopened,and7,450cold-mixedcattlewerecompleted.Thepercapitanetincomeoffarmersandherdsmencomesfromanimalhusbandryaccountingfor53%.Thetotalsownareais365,600mu,including115,000muofwheatand150,000muofhigh-efficiencyeconomiccrops.Thereare108improvedarchedroundgreenhousesof54mu,39newsolargreenhouses,and32,000muofagriculturalefficientwatersaving.Therewere11newruraleconomiccooperationorganizations,110ruralbrokers,and7.51millionyuaninsubsidies.Thereare210,000muofinsuredcropsand3,304farmers.10,400surplusrurallaborersweretransferred,andlaborincomewas38.67millionyuan.
SecondaryIndustry
In2011,theindustrialaddedvalueofTuoliCountycompleted1.803billionyuan,anincreaseof17.5%over2010.Thestrategicdeploymentof“recruitinglargeandstrong”wasimplemented,19investmentpromotionprojectswereimplemented,withatotalinvestmentof3.42billionyuanand1.36billionyuanoffundsinplace.
TheTertiaryIndustry
In2011,thetotalretailsalesofconsumergoodsinTuoliCountywas266millionyuan,anincreaseof16.9%over2010.Itreceived70,000tourists(times)andrealizedtourismincomeof14millionyuan,anincreaseof11.1%and30%respectivelyover2010.
Trafficconditions
In2010,TuoliCountyinvested4.2millionyuantobuild6.1kilometersofimportantruralroadsand20.6kilometersofgeneralruralroads(including9.6kilometersofS221line---Shaibar,2.1kmisthemainsmallroadwayinthecountyseat),withaninvestmentof4.94millionyuan.
TouriislocatedinthesouthernpartoftheTa'eBasin.ItisthetransportationhubandgatewayforthenorthfourcountiesoftheTachengareaandthe9thNong9thDivisionoftheCorpstoentertheJunggarBasin.ThereareTachengandKaramaywithin100kilometersofthecounty.Therearetwoairportsandtwonationalfirst-classportsinBaktu.Thecountytownsareonly150kilometersawayfromKaramaycityand110kilometersawayfromtheregionalcapitalofTacheng.ProvincialHighway221,ProvincialHighway318andProvincialHighway201runthroughtheentireterritory,andtheaccessrateofruralroadsinTuoliCountyis90%.
Socialundertakings
Technology
In2011,TuoliCountyinvested21.71millionyuaninappliedtechnologyresearchanddevelopmentfunds,organizedtheimplementationof51scienceandtechnologyplanprojectsatvariouslevels,andpatenttransformationprojects,andobtained46patentauthorizations.
Culture
In2011,TuoliCountyheldmorethan700eventssuchastheHundredDaysSquareCulturalCompetition,RedSongSociety,andCalligraphy,PaintingandPhotographyArtExhibition.
Education
In2011,TuoliCountyinvestednearly200millionyuanineducationfunds,accountingfor21.5%ofpublicfiscalexpenditures.Educationandteachingconditionshavebeencontinuouslyimproved,withaninvestmentof140millionyuan,anewkindergarten,andearthquake-resistantreinforcementandrenovationofanareaof30,000squaremetersforeducationandteaching.
Themainschoolsare:AktamuElementarySchool,TuoliCountyNo.1MiddleSchool,TuoliCountyNo.1PrimarySchool,WuxueteTownshipCentralSchool,TuoliNo.2MiddleSchool,AnimalHusbandryElementarySchool,DongfengThreeTeamsYeTeamPrimarySchool,TuoliCountyNo.3MiddleSchool.
Folkcustoms
Dongbula
Dongbulaiswidelyspreadonthegrassland,andtherearemanystyles,shovel-shapedwinterclothPullingiscalled"Abayi-styleDongbula",andhorse-spoon-shapedDongbulaiscalled"Jiangbulidongbula".Later,aftercontinuousreforms,thesetwostylesofdongbulawerecombined,anda"nationalnew-styledongbula"appeared.DongbulaisaweaponinAken'shands.Itcanbebothnarrativeandlyrical.Especiallywhenitdepictsanewlifeinthegrassland,thebrightmelodyisfullofstronggrasslandflavor.
AkenPlayingandSinging
AkenPlayingandSingingisalong-standingfolkartformoftheKazakhpeople.TherearetwoformsofAkenplayingandsinging:oneisthatAkenembracesDongbulaandsingsandsings.Thiskindofplayingandsingingmostlysingstraditionalnarrativepoemsandfolksongs;theotherisduet.Duetsingingischaracterizedbyimprovisation,withthenatureofasong,combiningeloquenceandsingingtogether,itisnotonlyrichinlife,butalsolivelyandlively.Thecontenttheysangcanberoughlydividedintofivecategories:carols,sadsongs,lovesongs,customsongs,andhumoroussongs.
Hada
TheofferingofHadaisalsoanoblecourtesyoftheMongolianpeople.WhenofferingaHada,thedonorbendsandholdsitwithbothhandsandhandsittotheotherparty.TherecipientshouldalsobendtotakeitwithbothhandsorbendtoletthedonorhangtheHadaaroundhisneckandexpresshisgratitude.
Honored
InMay2020,hewasselectedasthe"TopCountiesforSummerVacationinChinain2020".
ScenicSpots
TuoliCountyislocatedintheheartoftheEurasiancontinent.ProvincialHighway221andProvincialHighway318passthroughthecounty.Itisinthemiddleofthegoldenroute,connectingYili,Alashankou,Altay,Tachengtouristattractions.AlongProvincialHighway318,thereareAlashankouInternationalPort,ChatangInternationalHuntingGround,BarrukMountainTastNaturalForestFarm,ShaziNaturalPasture,WildRoseValley,LaofengkouWildFruitDitch,EurasianInnerGeographicalLandmark,LaoFengkouEcologicalPark,BaiyangheNaturalForestFarm,KongFansenMemorialPark,thesiteoftheBattleofTielekti,andRevolutionaryMartyrsMemorialParkaremajortouristattractions.