Basictasks
Thebasictasksofsocialmanagementincludecoordinatingsocialrelations,regulatingsocialbehavior,solvingsocialproblems,resolvingsocialconflicts,promotingsocialjustice,respondingtosocialrisks,maintainingsocialharmony,etc..
Thefirstistopromotesocialautonomy,thesecondistoresolvethecontradictionbetweenrationaleconomicmanandirrationalsocialman,thethirdistoregulatesocialbehavior,andthefourthistosuperviseandmonitorthesocialbenefitsofsocialbehavior.
Theoreticalresearch
Threeproblemsthatneedtobesolvedtoimproveourcountry’ssocialmanagementsystem
(1)Strengthentheresearchandexplorationofthebasictheoryofsocialmanagement
Thebasicframeworkofmycountry'ssocialistmarketeconomyhasbeeninitiallyestablished,andcorrespondingeconomicpoliciesandmacro-controlmechanismshavealsobeenbasicallyestablished,andhavebeengraduallyimprovedinthepracticeofmodernization.However,thebasicinstitutionalframeworkofsocialconstructionandsocialmanagementrequiredbytheconstructionofasocialistharmonioussocietyisnotyetperfectandneedstobeimprovedurgently.Withthecontinuousandrapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomyandthecontinuousimprovementofcomprehensivenationalstrength,ourcountryhasthebasicconditionstopromotecomprehensivesocialconstruction.Atthesametime,oursocietyisinatransitionalperiod,transitioningfromasinglesocialstructurebasedonaplannedeconomytoapluralisticsocialstructurebasedonamarketeconomy.Thefactorsdrivingthissocialtransformationarethedevelopment,reformandopeningupsince1978.Atpresent,thetransformationofmycountry'seconomicdevelopmentmodel,deep-levelinstitutionalreforms,andall-roundopeningtotheoutsideworldareacceleratingthissocialtransformation.Insuchaperiodofdrasticchange,notonlythedeep-seatedsocialproblemsaccumulatedforalongtimeinhistorywillbehighlighted,butalsosomenewsocialproblemsanduncertainfactorswillappear,whichareintertwinedwiththeoriginalsocialproblems,makingTheincreaseinsocialsystemicrisks,ortheincreaseinsocialvulnerability,impliespotentialdevelopmentrisks.
Fromasocialperspective,themajormovetobuildasocialistharmonioussocietymarksanewhistoricalstageinourcountry’sdevelopment.Developingsocialundertakings,promotingsocialjustice,strengtheningsocialmanagement,andimprovingsocialsystemsarethemaincontentofsocialconstructioninthenewhistoricalstage.Therequirementsforsocialmanagementtobuildaharmonioussocialistsocietyare:explorethebasiclawsofsocialmanagementintheprimarystageofsocialism;formulatebasicguidelines,laws,regulations,andpoliciesforsocialmanagement;clarifythemainbodyofsocialmanagement;rationallyallocatesocialdevelopmentresourcestorealizetheeconomyCoordinateddevelopmentwithsocietyandoverallimprovementofsocialquality.Inthiscontext,itisproposedthatsocialmanagementhasgreattheoreticalandpracticalsignificanceforpromotingthepracticeofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.However,weneedtofurtherresearchanddiscussvariousissuesrelatedtosocialmanagementintheory.
AfterWorldWarII,internationaldevelopmentcooperationhasbecomeanimportantforceintheworld.Ithasprofoundlyaffectedandchangedthesocialpoliciesandsocialmanagementofdevelopingcountriesinsomeaspects.Internationaldevelopmentcooperationmeansthatdevelopedcountries,internationalorganizations,andinternationalnon-governmentalorganizationsprovidevarioustechnicalandeconomicassistancetonon-governmentalorganizationsindevelopingcountriesanddevelopingcountries,includingprivateloansandothergrants.Generallyspeaking,internationaldevelopmentpartnersoftenappearasprovidersofsocialwelfareandsocialsafetynets.Sincethe1970s,internationaldevelopmentcooperationhasincreasinglyfocusedonpovertyalleviation,rightsprotection,basiceducation,health,andhumanitarianassistance.Traditionaldevelopmentassistancefocusesonindividualprojectassistance.Thenewideaofinternationaldevelopmentcooperationistoinfluencedepartmentsbyenhancingcapacityandsimplifyingprocedures,suchasreformingideasandrequiringtheparticipationofcitizensandsocialorganizations.Undersuchaninternationalbackground,howtoformulateasetofsocialmanagementpoliciesthatadapttotheinternationalenvironmentandhelpsafeguardnationalinterestshasbecomeamajorissuethatourcountrymustface.Internationaldevelopmentcooperationshouldbebasedontheprinciplesofreciprocity,equality,andmutualbenefit,andmanagementdepartmentsshouldstrengthenpre-reviewandpost-assessmentofinternationaldevelopmentcooperationprojects.
(2)Establishinganintegrateddecision-makingmechanism
Integrateddecision-makingisapolicymeanstoachieveoveralldevelopmentgoalsthroughtheparticipationofthegovernmentandthepublicindecision-making.Thepurposeofgovernmentandpublicparticipationinsocialmanagementdecision-makingistocoordinatetherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentgoals,socialdevelopmentgoalsandenvironmentalprotectiongoals.Thegoalofeconomicpolicyistousemarketmeanstomaximizeeconomicdevelopment,andthecoreofthegovernment'ssocialmanagementistocorrectmarketfailures.Thecoreofmutualcoordinationbetweeneconomicmanagementandsocialmanagementis:notbecausesocialpoliciescorrectmarketfailuresandaffectmarketefficiency;norbecauseeconomicbehaviorarbitrarilyfluctuateswiththemarketandletitgo,leadingtothedestructionofsocialfairnessandjusticeandthedestructionoftheenvironment.Socialmanagersmustconsidertheunificationofsocialgoals,economicgoals,andenvironmentalprotectiongoals.Therefore,thecomprehensivedecision-makingofsocialmanagementrequirestheparticipationofvariousinterestgroups.Fromtheperspectiveofdecision-makinggoals,itishowtofindabalanceandcoordinationamongsocialgoals,economicgoalsandenvironmentalprotectiongoals;fromtheperspectiveofdecision-makingbehavior,itishowtoreachacertaindegreeofcompromisebetweenvariousinterestgroups.
(3)Socialorganizationsandcommunitiesparticipateinsocialmanagement
Buildingaharmonioussocialistsocietyrequiresextensivepublicparticipation.Withthefurtherimprovementofmycountry’ssocialistmarketeconomicsystem,varioussocietiesTheorganizationwillparticipatemorewidelyinactivitiessuchasthedevelopmentofsocialundertakingsandtheprovisionofsocialpublicservices.Therefore,wemustimplementclassifiedmanagementofsocialorganizationsinresponsetotheproblemsfacedinthedevelopmentofsocialorganizationsinourcountry.Fordifferenttypesofsocialorganizations,thestateformulatesdifferentlawsandregulationsandimplementsdifferentmanagementmethods.Thegeneralideais:"Letgoofalargeareaandrestrictasmallpart.""Letgoofalargearea",thatis,openupservice-typesocialorganizations,letthemmaximizetheirenthusiasmandcreativitywithinthelegalframework,andcooperatewiththegovernmenttoprovidemoresocialservicestomeetthepeople'sgrowingdemandforsocialservices;"restrictions"Asmallpart"meanstorestrictthedevelopmentofsocialorganizationsthathavepoliticalintentormaycauseadversepoliticalinfluenceandmaintainsocialstability.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytofurthertransform,standardizeandimprovethegovernment'sadministrativemanagementfunctionsforsocialorganizations,fromthesoleproviderofpublicwelfareservicestotheguarantor,andfromdirectownershipandmanagementtotheformulationofrulesandsupervisionandevaluation.
Communityconstructionisanimportantwayformankindtorepairsocialorganismsandsolvesocialproblemsfoundinseverechallenges.Communitybuildingandcommunityservicesaremainlyaimedatspecificsocialproblemsandsocialgroupsandusingvariousmethodstohelpthosewhoneedhelp.Forexample,fromtheearlycommunitypublicservicesandblockconstructionintheUnitedStates,wemustknowthatcommunitiesarenotOmnipotent,thecharacteristicofcommunityserviceandcommunityconstructionisthatitusescommunityorganizationstoaddressproblemsinthecommunityandmobilizecommunityresidentstoparticipateintheproblem-solvingprocess,andintheprocess,realizemutualunderstanding,cooperation,andcooperationamongresidents.Recognizeandrealizethecommonbelongingofthecommunity.Inthisprocess,theimportanceofcommunityorganizationisself-evident.Onlywiththeparticipationofcommunityorganizations,thegovernment'spublicservicescanbedeliveredtotheresidentsinneedinatimelymanner.Ofcourse,theneedsofresidentsdonotnecessarilyhavetobepassedontothegovernmentbycommunityorganizations.Varioushotlinessetupbythegovernmentarealsochannelsforpassingonresidents’needs,butthetransmissionofcommunitypublicneedsmaynotbeeasytoachievewithoutcommunityorganizations.Atthesametime,encouragingresidentstoorganizethemselvesandformacertaingroupaccordingtotheirdifferentneedsandpreferencesisalsoindispensableforthehealthydevelopmentofthecommunity.
Policychoicesforestablishingandperfectingourcountry’ssocialmanagementsystem
(1)Establishingasocialmanagementsystemandmechanismcompatiblewiththemarketeconomy
First,in-depthstudyTheobjects,methods,goals,monitoringindicatorsofsocialmanagement,andcorrespondinglaws,regulations,andsocialpolicies,developsocialindicatorsthatmeettheneedsofsocialmanagementandregulation,andestablishandimprovedatacollectionsystems.
Secondly,wemustdeterminetheconnotationofsocialmanagementsystemreform.Whenthinkingabouttheestablishmentandimprovementofthesocialmanagementsystem,beforethereformofChina'ssocialmanagementsystem,wemustcarefullysortoutthecomplexinterestrelationships,andstrivetosolvesomesystemproblemsthataffectsocialdevelopment,mainlyinthefollowingaspects:Howtoestablishandimprovetheprocessofurban-ruralintegrationSocialmanagementandpublicservicesystemissues;thecoordinationissuesofefficiencyandfairnessinthereformoftheincomedistributionsystem;effectivesocialmanagementandregulationissuesofthegovernmentunderamixed-ownershipsocialstructure;socialundertakings(culture,education,health,culture,sports,etc.),incomedistribution,Socialsecurity,unifiedlabormarketandotherfieldsofinstitutionalobstacles.Theseproblemswillrestrictmycountry'ssocialdevelopmentandtheimprovementofsocialoperationefficiencyforalongtime.Thereformofsocialmanagementsysteminthesekeyareasmustachievenewbreakthroughsinthesystem.
Finally,wemustalsohandletheissueofcoordinationofinterestsamongrelevantgovernmentdepartmentsthatmanagesocialdevelopment.Fromtheperspectiveofthereformgoalsanddirectionsdeterminedbythecentralgovernment,thesesocialdevelopmentmanagementdepartmentsneedtoformulatepoliciesandallocatepublicresourcesinlinewiththebasicgoalofbuildingapublicservice-orientedgovernmentandtoimprovethelevelofbasicpublicservices,ratherthanworkingindependently.Tomaximizethebenefitsofthedepartmenttoallocatepublicresources.
Thesocialresourcesmanagedbythesocialdevelopmentmanagementdepartmentareactuallypublicfinancialrevenuesaftertheseconddistribution.Asweallknow,thepurposeofpublicfinanceistoimplementthecountry'ssocialwelfareandsocialsecurity,andpromotesocialequity.Theprerequisitefortheemergenceofpublicfinanceisthemarketfailure.Inthecaseofmarketfailure,theroleofgovernmentpowerorganization,basedonthepowerofthegovernment,takesthemarketfailureasthescope,performsthecountry'ssocialmanagerfunctions,andprovidespublicservicestothemarket.Publicfinancehastwobasiccharacteristics:publicandnon-profit.Itsrevenueandexpenditureactivitiesaremainlyrealizedthroughpublicbudgets,includingfundingbudgetsandpublicinvestmentbudgets.Thesocialdevelopmentmanagementdepartmentmustusepublicfinancialresourcesinlinewiththetwobasicprinciplesofpublicityandnon-profit.Withoutafundamentalunderstandingofthisproblem,wewillnotbeabletobetterservetheinterestsofthebroadmassesofpeople.Ifthisproblemisnotresolved,thesocialmanagementsystemreformwillnotbeabletoachieveafundamentalbreakthrough.
(2)Doagoodjobinthebasicworkofsocialmanagement
Lackofcoordinationandunity,therewillbegreatdifficultiesincomparingandsummarizingthecountryinthefuture.Therefore,thecountryshouldorganizeexpertsResearchtogetherwithprovincestoestablishasetofsocialmanagementindicatorsystemsthatcanbeusedthroughoutthecountryandalloverthecountrytoprovidetechnicalsupportfortheestablishmentofanationalsocialmacro-controlmechanism.Toachievethegoalsofsocialmanagement,thegovernmentmustmakeitsgoalsspecificandcompilethemintomeasurablesocialindicatorsthroughtechnicaldesign,justliketheGDP,consumerpriceindex,balanceofpayments,employmentrate,andresidents'incomeineconomicdevelopment.Waitthesame.Inhistory,mycountryhasestablishedandusedanumberofsocialdevelopmentindicatorsinpractice,andrelevantdepartmentsandregionshavealsodesignedanumberofsocialindicatorsaccordingtoworkneedsandthedevelopmentofthesituation.However,thesocialindicatorsthatcanuseseveralindicatorstopredictsocialdevelopmentlikeeconomicdevelopmentarerare.Forsocialmacromanagement,thisisundoubtedlyaworldwideproblem.
(3)Realizingthereasonableandeffectiveallocationofsocialresources
Accordingtothecharacteristicsofmycountry'scurrentstageandthedivisionoflabor,thesocialmanagementdepartmentscanbedividedintotwomajorcategoriesinprinciple,thefirstcategoryisresponsibleSocialjustice,themainmeansaretheprovisionofsocialpublicservicesandpublicgoods,includingeducation,culture,health,civilaffairs,sports,laborandsocialsecurity,etc.;thesecondcategoryisresponsibleforsocialsecurityandsocialstability,andthemainmeansareadministrationandjustice,includingpublicsecurityandjustice.,Safety,communitymanagement,safetyproduction,etc.Ofcourse,thedivisionoflaborbetweenthetwoisnotabsolute.Somedepartmentstakebothfunctionsintoaccount.Forexample,thecivilaffairsdepartment’scommunityconstructionandcivilorganizations,ontheonehand,undertakethesocialpublicservicefunction,ontheotherhand,italsoundertakesthetaskofsocialsecurityandstability.Socialjusticeandsocialstabilityarenotcompletelyseparate.Thetwoaremutualcauseandeffect.Ifsocialjusticeissuesarenothandledwellandthesocialgapwidenstoacertainextent,socialunrestmaybetriggered.Andsocialstabilitycancreatedevelopmentspaceandenvironmentforsocialjustice.Forexample,insocialmanagementdepartmentswithwelfareasthecore,non-profitorganizationsplayanimportantrole,butanycountryisveryconcernedaboutandguardingagainstnon-profitorganizationsparticipatinginpoliticalactivities,includingtheUnitedStates.Therefore,itisnecessarytoproperlyhandletherelationshipbetweenthetwotypesofdepartments,promotemechanismandsysteminnovation,andensurethereasonableallocationofsocialpublicserviceresources.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytohandletherelationshipbetweenthevariousdepartmentswithinthetwotypesofsystemstoensuretheeffectiverealizationofsocialgoals.
Tojudgewhetheracountryattachesimportancetosocialdevelopmentornot,isnottolookatwhatitsays,buttolookatwhatitdoes,especiallyhowmuchresourcesitusesforsocialdevelopment.Judgingfrominternationalexperience,mostcountriesthatattachimportancetosocialdevelopmentwillputsocialdevelopmentinanimportantpositioninpublicfinances.Forexample,governmentinvestmentinpublichealthinOECDcountriesaccountsformorethan70%oftheirtotalinvestmentinpublichealth.Foranotherexample,aftermorethanhalfacenturyofdevelopment,Americansocialmanagementhaschangedfromanearlyself-managementmodelofsocialorganizationstoamodelofjointgovernancebygovernment,socialorganizationsandenterprises.Themainfunctionofthegovernmentissocialmanagement.Allwelfareprogramsofthefederalgovernment(includingsocialsecurity,health,andvariouswelfareprograms)accountforalmost60%ofitsgovernmentfiscalexpenditures.Evenso,itstillcannotmeettheneedsofsociety.Americansinneedhavetoturntootherwelfareresources-private,charitableandvoluntaryorganizations.Inordertohelppoorfamiliesandindividuals,governmentsatalllevelsintheUnitedStatesalsodirectlyorindirectlysupportthesecharitableandvoluntaryorganizationstoprovidevarioussocialservices.Themainmethodsinclude:establishingandimprovingthelegalandregulatorysystem;encouragingprivateindividualsandcitizenstocontributetocharitythroughtaxexemptionortaxreduction.Donationsandvoluntaryorganizations;directlysupportcharitableandvoluntaryorganizationsthroughgovernmentfunds;provideindirectsupporttocharitableandvoluntaryorganizationsthroughsubsidiesandtaxrebatestoindividualswhousecharitableandvoluntaryorganizationstoprovideservices.
mycountry’ssocialmanagementsystemreforminvolvesalotofcontent.Oneofthefundamentalcontentistoreformthecurrentpublicfinancialstructureandincreasetheproportionofsocialdevelopmentinvestmentinthegovernment’sentirebudget.Toevaluateagovernment'ssocialmanagementsystem,toseeifitreallyturnstoapublicservicegovernment,thekeyistolookatthechangesinitsfiscalstructure.Ifweareapublicservicegovernment,butmostofourfiscalexpendituresarestillusedforproductiveinvestmentratherthanpublicserviceexpenditures,thenthedirectionoftheconstructionofthispublicservicegovernmentisworthyofseriousconsideration.Therefore,thereformofthesocialmanagementsystemmustfirstreformourpublicfinancesystem,especiallythepublicfinancerelatedtosocialdevelopment.Governmentfinancemustresolutelywithdrawfromthegeneralcompetitionfield,andtheexpenditurecontentofpublicfinanceforsocialdevelopmentmustbestrictlydefinedandregulatedstrictlybasedon"marketfailure"and"publicproductsandservices".
(4)Vigorouslysupportcivicaffairsinthesocialfield
TheFifthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaproposedthat“tobuildaharmonioussocialistsociety,itisnecessarytostrengthensocialconstructionandimprovethesocialmanagementsystem,Toimprovethesocialmanagementpatternofpartycommitteeleadership,governmentresponsibility,socialcoordination,andpublicparticipation".Governmentresponsibilitymeansthatthegovernmentformulatesrules,createstheenvironment,organizesoperationalactivities,providesservicesandbenefits,andentrustssocialorganizationstocarryoutsocialservicesthroughagreements.Thegovernment'sresponsibilitydoesnotmeanthatthegovernmentisresponsible.Thegovernmentshouldextensivelymobilizetheenthusiasmofsocialorganizationsandenterprisestoparticipateinsocialservicesthroughsysteminnovation.IntheUnitedStates,non-profitorganizationsreceivefundingfromthegovernmentthroughcontractsorapplyingforgovernmentfunds,accountingfor35%ofthetotalfundingofnon-profitorganizations(2005).InHongKong,mycountry,thisproportionisabout80%-100%.Inaddition,thegovernmentcanencouragethepublictocareaboutsocialaffairsinavarietyofways,donatemoneyandtime,andletthepublicmanagetheirownaffairs.Theindifferenceofsomeresidentsofourcountrytowardspublicaffairsisoneofthechallengeswefaceinestablishingandimprovingthesocialmanagementsystem.Thegovernmentshouldnotcompetewiththepeopleforprofitinthesocialfield.Onthecontrary,itshouldvigorouslysupportcivilaffairsinthesocialfield.Thegovernmentdoesnotcompetewiththepeopleforprofitisaprerequisiteforpublicparticipation.
Thereisnodoubtthatinthereformofthesocialmanagementsystem,thegovernmentmustplayaleadingrole.Butbesidesthat,doothersubjectsstillneedtoparticipate?Forexample,thesocialinstitutionsweusedtotalkaboutandthesocialorganizationsthathavegraduallydevelopedwiththedevelopmentofsociety.Ifwerecognizethatsocialinstitutionsandsocialorganizationsmustparticipateinthereformofthesocialmanagementsystem,howshouldtheyparticipateandhowtocooperatewiththegovernment'soverallreformstrategy?Theseissuesneedtobestudiedindepthandfurtherclarified.Inaddition,asfarasthegovernmentitselfisconcerned,therearemanygovernmentagenciesinchargeofsocialdevelopmentwithinthecurrentadministrativeframework,involvingmultipledepartmentssuchasculture,education,scienceandtechnology,sports,health,civilaffairs,developmentandreform,andwhichdepartmentisthereformofthesocialmanagementsystem.Mainly,orwhichdepartmentisresponsiblefortheoverallcoordinationandplanning?Becausesocialdevelopmentisawhole,thereformofthesocialmanagementsystemrequiresanoveralldesign.Thereformofsub-sectorsisnotconducivetoimprovingthesocialmanagementsystemasawhole,anditwillinevitablyformatrendofinterestsectorizationinthereformprocess.
Therefore,wemustthoroughlystudytheoverallpromotionofsocialmanagementsystemreform.Thesocialmanagementsystemreformduringthe"TenthFive-YearPlan"periodisthesameastheeconomicsystemreform.Alldepartmentsaredoingtheirownwork.Theactualresultsarenotconducivetothedeepeningofreformsinvariousfields,anditisnotconducivetodevelopment.Therearemanyreformstothesocialmanagementsystem,suchashealthservicereform,educationreform,culturalreform,employmentsystemreform,incomedistributionsystemreform,publicinstitutionreform,socialorganizationreform,communitymanagementsystemreform,etc.Takethereformofpublicinstitutions,thereformofassociations,andthereformofthecommunitymanagementsystemasexamples.Duringthe"TenthFive-YearPlan"period,variousdepartmentsarefocusingontheirreformsandpushingforwardseparately.Thereisnodoubtthatthereformofsocialinstitutionswillbeanothermajorstrategicreformtoestablishandimprovethesocialistmarketeconomicsystemafterthereformoftheruraleconomicsystem,thereformofstate-ownedenterprisesandthereformofgovernmentadministrativeinstitutions.Comprehensivelypromotethereformofsocialinstitutionsandthemanagementsystemofsocialundertakings,involvingbothsocialmanagementandpublicservices.Thegoalistoimprovethegovernment'sabilitytomanagesociallifeandimprovethequalityandefficiencyofpublicservices.Thisisnotonlyanimportantpartofthefurtherimprovementofthesocialistmarketeconomicsystem,butalsohasgreatstrategicsignificancethatcannotbeignoredforthecomprehensiveconstructionofawell-offsociety.However,thereformofpublicinstitutionsisinseparablefromthereformofassociationsandthereformofthecommunitymanagementsystem.Theyareinterrelatedandrestricteachother.Takingcommunityreformasanexample,howtoreformthecommunitymanagementsystem?Inthefieldofsocialmanagement,reformsthatseparateproblemscannotbepromotedasawhole.Therefore,thereformofthesocialmanagementsystemmustintegratevarioussystems,institutions,andvariousissuesrelatedtosocialdevelopment.Thisistheoveralldirectionofthesocialmanagementsystemreforminthefuture.
①LiXueju:"StrengtheningSocialConstructionandManagementtoPromoteSocialHarmonyandDevelopment","SeekingTruth",Issue6,2005.
Abouttheauthor:
DingYuanzhu,bornin1962,isaresearcherattheMacroeconomicResearchInstituteoftheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,andadirectorandprofessoroftheCenterforPublicServiceandSocialManagementofPekingUniversity.
Scientific
Socialmanagementisanessentialmanagementactivityforhumansociety.Inacountrylikeourswithapopulationof1.3billionandrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment,socialmanagementtasksareevenmorearduousandonerous.Ourfundamentalpurposeofstrengtheningandinnovatingsocialmanagementistomaintainsocialorder,promotesocialharmony,ensurethatthepeopleliveandworkinpeaceandcontentment,andcreateagoodsocialenvironmentforthedevelopmentofthepartyandthecountry.Doingagoodjobinsocialmanagementandpromotingsocialharmonyarethebasicconditionsforbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundwayandupholdinganddevelopingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.
SincethefoundingofNewChina,thepartyandthestatehavealwaysattachedgreatimportancetosocialmanagement.Theyhaveconductedlong-termexplorationandpracticefortheformationanddevelopmentofasocialmanagementsystemthatadaptstomycountry'snationalconditions,andhasachievedsignificantresultsandaccumulatedvaluableexperience.Especiallysincethereformandopeningup,inaccordancewiththedevelopmentandchangesofthedomesticandforeignsituation,wehavecontinuouslyformulatedguidelinesandpoliciesandmadeworkarrangementsforstrengtheningandimprovingsocialmanagement,whichhaseffectivelypromotedthereformandinnovationofsocialmanagement.Afterlong-termexplorationandpractice,mycountryhasestablishedasocialmanagementleadershipsystem,builtasocialmanagementorganizationnetwork,formulatedbasicsocialmanagementlawsandregulations,andinitiallyformedasocialmanagementpatternofpartycommitteeleadership,governmentresponsibility,socialcoordination,andpublicparticipation.Socialmanagementisgenerallyadaptedtomycountry'snationalconditionsandsocialistsystem.Theoverallsituationofoursocietyisstable,andthesocialsituationisgenerallygood.
Currently,mycountryisnotonlyinaperiodofimportantstrategicopportunitiesfordevelopment,butalsoinaperiodofprominentsocialcontradictions.Therearestillmanyproblemsinthefieldofsocialmanagement.Onthewhole,theexistingproblemsinthefieldofsocialmanagementinourcountryareaconcentratedreflectionofthelevelandphasedcharacteristicsofourcountry'seconomicandsocialdevelopment.Aftermorethan60yearsofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,especiallytheconstructionanddevelopmentofmorethan30yearsofreformandopeningup,mycountry’seconomicstrengthandoverallnationalstrengthhavebeensignificantlyenhanced.Thishaslaidanimportantroleforustocontinuouslymeetthepeople’sgrowingmaterialandculturalneedsandsolveproblemsinthefieldofsocialmanagement.Materialbasis.Atthesametime,thebasicnationalconditionsthatourcountryisstillinandwillbeintheprimarystageofsocialismforalongtimehavenotchanged.Themainsocialcontradictionbetweentheincreasingmaterialandculturalneedsofthepeopleandthebackwardsocialproductionhasnotchanged,andthedevelopmentisunevenanduncoordinated.,Unsustainableproblemsarestillprominent,andourmaterialfoundationforsolvingvarioussocialproblemsisstillrelativelyweak.Tosolvetheproblemsinthefieldofsocialmanagement,itisnecessarytoenhancethesenseofurgencyandlong-termefforts,strengthenpracticalexplorationandworkimplementation,deepenunderstanding,sumupexperience,graspthelaw,pioneerandinnovate,andcomprehensivelyimprovethescientificlevelofsocialmanagement.
Socialmanagement,inthefinalanalysis,isthemanagementandserviceofpeople.Itinvolvesthevitalinterestsofthepeople.Itmustalwaysadheretopeople-oriented,governingforthepeople,andearnestlyimplementtheparty'sfundamentalpurposeofservingthepeoplewholeheartedly,andcontinuetoachieveGood,safeguard,anddevelopthefundamentalinterestsoftheoverwhelmingmajorityofthepeople.Wemustadheretotheparty'smassline,upholdthepeople'sdominantposition,givefullplaytothepeople'spioneeringspirit,andfirmlyrelyonthepeopletoopenupanewsituationinsocialmanagementunderthenewsituation.Wemustpersistinrespectingthemassesideologically,beingclosetothemassesemotionally,relyingonthemassesinwork,andtakingmasssatisfactionordissatisfactionasthestartingpointandgoalofstrengtheningandinnovatingsocialmanagement.Wemustputtheinterestsofthepeopleasthemostimportantandtheexpectationsofthepeople,strivetosolvethemostdirectandpracticalinterestsofthepeople,andalwaysmaintaintheflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthepartyandthepeople.
Atpresent,wemustfocusontheworkandputforward8points.First,furtherstrengthenandimprovethesocialmanagementpattern,effectivelystrengthentheleadershipoftheparty,strengthenthegovernment'ssocialmanagementfunctions,strengthenthesocialmanagementandserviceresponsibilitiesofvariousenterprisesandinstitutions,andguidevarioussocialorganizationstostrengthentheirownconstruction,enhancetheirabilitytoservesociety,andsupportPeople'sorganizationsparticipateinsocialmanagementandpublicservices,andgiveplaytothebasicroleofthemassesinsocialmanagement.Second,tofurtherstrengthenandimprovethepartyandgovernment-ledmechanismforsafeguardingtherightsandinterestsofthemasses,formascientificandeffectiveinterestcoordinationmechanism,appealexpressionmechanism,contradictionmediationmechanism,andrightsprotectionmechanism,coordinateallaspectsofinterestrelationships,andstrengthenthegovernanceofthesourceofsocialcontradictions.Properlyhandlecontradictionsamongthepeople,resolutelycorrectunhealthypracticesthatharmtheinterestsofthepeople,andearnestlysafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofthepeople.Third,furtherstrengthenandimprovethemanagementandservicesofthefloatingpopulationandspecialpopulations,establishanationalpopulationbasicinformationdatabasecoveringtheentirepopulation,establishandimprovetheactualpopulationdynamicsmanagementmechanism,andimprovethemanagementandservicepoliciesforspecialpopulations.Fourth,furtherstrengthenandimprovethegrassrootssocialmanagementandservicesystem,investmorehuman,financial,andmaterialresourcesatthegrassrootslevel,strivetoconsolidategrassrootsorganizations,strengthengrassrootsforces,integrategrassrootsresources,strengthenbasicwork,andstrengthenurbanandruralcommunityautonomyandservicefunctions,Improvethenewcommunitymanagementandservicesystem.Fifth,furtherstrengthenandimprovethepublicsafetysystem,improvethefoodanddrugsafetysupervisionmechanism,establishasoundsafetyproductionsupervisionsystem,improvethesocialsecuritypreventionandcontrolsystem,andimprovetheemergencymanagementsystem.Sixth,furtherstrengthenandimprovethemanagementofnon-publiceconomicorganizationsandsocialorganizations,clarifythesocialresponsibilitiesofthemanagementofnon-publiceconomicorganizationsandserveemployees,andpromotethehealthyandorderlydevelopmentofsocialorganizations.Seventh,furtherstrengthenandimproveinformationnetworkmanagement,improvethemanagementlevelofthevirtualsociety,andimprovetheonlinepublicopinionguidancemechanism.Eighth,tofurtherstrengthenandimprovetheideologicalandmoralconstruction,persevereinstrengtheningtheconstructionofsocialistspiritualcivilization,strengthentheconstructionofthesocialistcorevaluesystem,enhancethelegalawarenessofthewholesociety,carryoutin-depthactivitiestocreatespiritualcivilization,andenhancesocialintegrity.
Inordertodoagoodjobinsocialmanagement,wemustacceleratethepromotionofsocialconstructionfocusingonensuringandimprovingpeople'slivelihood.Wemusttaketheprotectionandimprovementofpeople’slivelihoodasthefundamentalstartingpointandgoalofacceleratingthetransformationofeconomicdevelopment,unswervinglyfollowthepathofcommonprosperity,improvetheinstitutionalarrangementsforensuringandimprovingpeople’slivelihood,acceleratethedevelopmentofvarioussocialundertakings,insistongivingprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation,andfocusonGoodemploymentisthefoundationofpeople’slivelihood,rationallyadjusttherelationshipofincomedistribution,acceleratetheconstructionofasocialsecuritysystemcoveringurbanandruralresidents,acceleratethereformanddevelopmentofmedicalandhealthcare,acceleratetheconstructionofahousingsecuritysystem,continuetopromotepovertyalleviation,developwomenandchildren,andfostergrowthServicesandindustriesfortheelderly,andimprovetheservicesystemforthedisabled,sothattheresultsofdevelopmentcanbetterbenefitallpeople.
Partycommitteesandgovernmentsatalllevelsmustfullyunderstandthesignificanceofstrengtheningandinnovatingsocialmanagementunderthenewsituation,andcoordinateeconomicconstruction,politicalconstruction,culturalconstruction,socialconstruction,andecologicalcivilizationconstruction,andputsocialmanagementworkinMoreprominentposition,deepunderstandingandaccurategraspofthelawsofsocialmanagement,strengtheninvestigationandresearch,strengthenpolicyformulation,strengthenworkdeployment,strengthentaskimplementation,continuouslyimprovethescientificlevelofsocialmanagement,andcontinuouslypromotesocialharmonyandstability,andstrivetoachievethe"TwelfthFive-YearPlan""Economicandsocialdevelopmentduringtheperiodwillcreatemorefavorablesocialconditionsforachievingthegrandgoalofbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.