Definition
Qualityassurancesystemisasystematictechnicalandmanagementmethodwithinanenterprise.Itreferstoanenterprisethatproducesproductsthatmeetcontractrequirementsandmeetstherequirementsofqualitysupervisionandcertification.,Theestablishmentofallthenecessaryplannedandsystematiccorporateactivities.Itincludesprovidinguserswithnecessaryqualityassurancetechnicalandmanagement“evidence”.Althoughthisevidenceisoftenprovidedintheformofwrittenqualityassurancedocuments,itisbackedbyactualinternalqualityassuranceactivities.Itmeansthattheproductorserviceiscompletedinstrictqualitymanagementandhassufficientmanagementandtechnicalassurancecapabilities.
Inthecontractenvironment,thequalityassurancesystemisameansfortheconstructionunittogainthetrustoftheconstructionunit,sothatpeoplecanbesurethatacertainproductorservicecanmeetthegivenqualityrequirements
Practicalusecases
Smallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswillencountervariousproblemsintheactualoperationofestablishingaqualityassurancesystem.However,aslongastheleadersoftheenterprisecanpayattentiontothecompulsorycertificationwork,organizethecorrespondingleadershipteamandtakethefollowingaspectsStarting,itshouldbesaidthataneffectivequalityassurancesystemcanbeestablishedandmaintained.
QualityAssuranceLeader
Choosingagoodqualityassuranceleaderisthekeytoestablishingaqualityassurancesystem.Generallyspeaking,smallandmedium-sizedenterpriseshavesimpleorganizationsandfewpeoplewithexperience,managementandtechnology.Therefore,inordertomeettherequirementsofnationalcompulsoryproductcertificationandtoestablishaneffectivequalityassurancesystem,thekeyistoclarifytheresponsibilitiesofthepersoninchargeofqualityassuranceandselectsuitablecandidates,soastoensurethenormaloperationofvariousfunctionsofthecompany.Organizationalbasis.
Firstofall,theauthorityofthepersoninthecompanyshouldbeconsidered.Withoutcertainauthorityandstatus,itisimpossibleforthepersoninchargeofqualityassurancetoeffectivelyimplementthisimportantfunction.Andthisauthority,ontheonehand,reliesontheformalauthorizationofthecompany’sleadership,ontheotherhand,itreliesonitspersonalleadershipandcharisma.
Secondly,selectthepersoninchargeofqualityassurancewhoshouldunderstandtherelevantnationallaws,regulationsandproceduresforcompulsorycertificationofproducts,aswellasthesafetycertificationstandardsapplicabletothecompany'sproducts.Inthisway,thepersoninchargeofqualityassurancecanorganizerelevantpersonnelofthecompanytostudysafetystandards,independentlyandfairlyimplementthesafetystandardsadoptedbyCCCcertification,andexerciseeffectivesupervision.
Productionprocesscontrol
Strengtheningtheprocesscontrolintheproductionprocessisthebasisforimplementingthequalityassurancesystem.Forsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,becausetheproductstheymanufacturearerelativelysimpleandthetechnologyisrelativelymature,theymaydirectlyadoptforeignpatterndesigns.Therefore,itisnecessarytostrengthenthecontroloftheprocessintheproductionprocess,identifythemainprocessofproductproduction,understandthesafetyinspectionpointsandsafetyqualitycontrolpointsstipulatedbythecompulsorycertification,andclearlyidentifythem.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytoclarifythespecificoperationrequirementsofthesekeypoints,andcompileworkinstructionsinaccordancewithrelevantnationalorindustrystandards.Theworkinstructionsshouldbedetailed,clear,andoperable.Whennecessary,skillsassessmentscanbeaddedtorelevantpositions.Guidelines,suchasprintedcircuitboardplug-inpositions,aprintedcircuitboardcanbeplacedonthepositiontomarkthepositiontobeinserted,whichisconvenientforemployeestooperate,andrequiresemployeestostrictlyfollowtheworkinstructions.
Stafftraining
Strengtheningthetrainingofemployeesisaprerequisitefortherealizationofthequalityassurancesystem,withspecialemphasisonthepracticalskillsoftheoperators.Insmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,mostemployeesarenotwell-educatedandhavealittleknowledgeofthecompany'sproducts.Therefore,trainingisparticularlyimportant.Thetopmanagementoftheenterprise,mainlythepersoninchargeofqualityassurance,shouldclarifytheknowledgeandskillrequirementsofdifferentpositions,especiallytherequirementsofinspectionandexperimentalpositions,anddeterminethetrainingofdifferentemployeesanddifferentpositionsbasedonacomprehensiveinvestigationofthequalityofemployees.Contentandlevel,developacomprehensivetrainingplanandimplementit.Whatneedstobeemphasizedisthatmanagersmustensuretheeffectivenessoftrainingsothatemployeescanacceptthecontentoftheirtrainingandbeabletooperateinaccordancewithoperationalrequirementsinactualoperations.
Strengtheningprocessinspection
Strengtheningthemanagementofinspectionmethodsandequipmentisasignoftheconstructionofaqualityassurancesystem.Generallyspeaking,smallandmedium-sizedenterpriseshavefewornoinspectionandexperimentequipment,ortherangeoraccuracycannotmeettheinspectionorexperimentrequirements,ortheyareuseddirectlywithoutmeasurementatall,makingtheinspectionresultsunreliable.Itisaformality,soitisimpossibletocontrolandjudgethequalityofeachprocessproduct.Forproductssubjecttocompulsorycertification,thestatehasstipulatedtheinstrumentsandequipmentthatthemanufacturermusthave,aswellastheinspectionandexperimentalitemsthatthecompanymustcarryout.Therefore,enterprisesshouldpurchasenecessaryinstrumentsandequipmentinaccordancewiththerequirements,andregularlymeasuretheinstrumentsusedtomeasureproductquality.Moreover,ifthereisameasurementstandard,itmustbemeasuredaccordingtothemeasurementstandard,andthetoolingandfixtureshouldalsobeincluded.Normalmanagement.
Equipmentsupplyselection
Attachimportancetotheselectionandevaluationofsuppliers,andimprovethequalityofkeysafetycomponentsandrawmaterials,whichareexternalfactorsforbuildingaqualityassurancesystem.Thequalityofkeycomponentsandrawmaterialsdirectlyaffectsthesafetyofproducts(includingcompletemachinesandcomponents).Therefore,SMEsshouldpaygreatattentiontotheselectionofkeycomponentsandrawmaterials.
Performanceparameters
Whenselectingcomponentsandrawmaterials,youshouldalsoconfirmthatthetypes,specificationsandcharacteristicsofthecomponentsandrawmaterialsmeettherequirementsofyourownproductdesign.Require.
Certification
Fortheselectedkeycomponentsandrawmaterials,iftheyhavebeenincludedinthenationalcompulsorycertificationcatalog,theyshouldchoosetohaveobtainedthecompulsorycertificationcertificateComponentsandrawmaterials.
Forthepurchasedsafetycomponentsandrawmaterials,smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesgenerallydonothavethetestingconditionsforvariousperformances.Mostofthistestingshouldbecarriedoutbythecomponentorrawmaterialmanufacturer,aslongasthemanufacturercanprovideQualificationcertificatesorinspectionrecordsthatprovethatthebatchofproductsmeetthespecifiedrequirements,smallandmedium-sizedenterprisescanadoptverificationmethodstoconfirmthattheprovidedcomponentsorrawmaterialsmeettherequirements.
Inspectioninthefactory
Evenifthesupplierprovidesacertificateofconformity,SMEscannotbeexemptedfromtheresponsibilitythatcomponentsorrawmaterialsmeettherelevantstandards.Forcomponentsorrawmaterialsthatdonothaveacertificate,smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesmustsendthemtothequalityandtechnicalsupervisiondepartmenttotesttheirimportantperformanceaccordingtothespecifiedlevel(includingsamplingmethod,inspectionlevelandqualifiedqualitylevel).
Overallevaluation
Whenchoosing,youshouldalsopayattentiontocomprehensiveevaluationofthesupplier’squalitysystem,deliveryperiod,serviceattitude,price,etc.,Sothatsupplierscanprovidethemselveswithproductsthatcanmeetvariousrequirementsinalong-termandstablemanner.
Operationprinciple
Asthefocus,followthePDCAcycle,andexpandthecontrolthroughthemanagementcyclestepsofPlan-Implementation(Do)-Inspection(Check)-Processing(Action)toimprovethelevelofassurance.ThePDCAcyclehasthecharacteristicsoflargeloops,smallloops,interconnection,mutualpromotion,spiralupwards,formingacompleteloopandcontinuousadvancement.
Planningstage(P)
Plan(Plan)istodeterminethepoliciesandobjectivesofqualitymanagement,aswellasmeasuresandactionplanstoachievethepoliciesandobjectives;themaincontentofthequalityassurancesystemistoformulateQualityobjectives,activityplans,managementprojectsandactionplans.Steps:
1.Analyzethecurrentsituationandfindouttheexistingqualityproblems;
2.Analyzethevariouscausesandinfluencingfactorsofthequalityproblems;
3.Findthemaincauseofqualityproblemsfromvariousreasons;
4.Aimingatthemaincausesofqualityproblems,formulatetechnicalmeasures,proposesolutionsformeasuresandpredicttheexpectedeffects,andthenimplementthemindetailPerformers,timeschedule,location,andcompletionmethods.
Implementationstage(D)
Implementation(Do)includestheclarificationoftheplannedactionplanandtheconstructionoperationtechnicalactivitiescarriedoutaccordingtothemethodandrequirementsspecifiedintheplan;itistocombinethedesignatedplanandMeasures,specificorganizationandimplementation,thisisthesecondstepofthequalitymanagementcycle.
Checkstage(C)
Checkistochecktheexecutionandeffectoftheplanagainsttheplan,includingcheckingwhethertheplannedactionplanisstrictlyimplementedandtheresultoftheplanexecution;Mainlyduringoraftertheexecutionoftheplan,checktheexecutionandwhetheritmeetstheexpectedresultsoftheplan.Itisalsothethirdstepofthequalitymanagementcycle.
Processingstage(A)
Theprocessing(Action)isbasedontheinspectionresults,analyzestheinspectionresults,summarizesexperience,andlearnslessons.
Includingtwosteps:1.Summarizeexperienceandlessons,consolidateachievements,anddealwitherrors;2.Turnunresolvedproblemsintothenextcycleastheplangoalofthenextcycle.
Features
TheorganizationalstructureofthequalityassurancesystemforSMEsissimple,thetechnicalcontentoftheproductsislow,andthescaleofproductionisrelativelysmall,mostlylabor-intensive.
Theproductionprocessissimple,theproductionprocessisfew,andtheprocessequipment,inspectionequipment,instruments,andmeasuringtoolsarerelativelysimpleandimperfect.
Employeesarehighlymobileandgenerallylowinquality.Exceptforafewexperiencedtechnicians,mostoftheemployeeshavelowacademicqualificationsandhavenotundergoneprofessionaltraining.Theinductiontrainingistoosimple.
Content
1.Projectconstructionqualitytarget.Mustbeclearandmeettherequirementsoftheoverallqualitygoal.Thedecompositionofprojectqualityobjectivesismainlycarriedoutfromtheperspectiveoftimeandspace.
2.Projectconstructionqualityplan.Itshouldbecompiledaccordingtothecompany'squalitymanualandprojectqualityobjectives.Theprojectqualityplancanbedividedintoconstructionqualityworkplanandconstructionqualitycostplanaccordingtothecontent.
3.Ideologicalassurancesystem.Withthethoughts,viewpointsandmethodsoftotalqualitymanagement,allstaffcantrulyestablishastrongsenseofquality.
4.Organizationalassurancesystem.Establishandimproveorganizationsatalllevels,dividelaborandresponsibility,focusonprevention,combinepreventionandinspection,andformanorganicwholewithcleartasks,responsibilities,powers,mutualcoordinationandmutualpromotion.
5.Workguaranteesystem.Qualitycontroliscarriedoutthroughtheconstructionpreparationphase,theconstructionphase,andthecompletionacceptancephase.
Mattersneedingattention
Qualityassurancemethodsshouldadheretothecombinationofmanagementandtechnology,thatis,torepeatedlycheckwhetherthecompanyhassufficienttechnicalassurancecapabilitiesandmanagementassurancecapabilities,bothareindispensable.
Qualityassurancesystemisnotsynonymouswithinstitutionalizationandstandardization,andshouldneverbecomeawrittenanddocumentedqualityassurancesystem.
Qualityinformationmanagementisthedrivingforceforthenormaloperationofthequalityassurancesystem.Withoutqualityinformation,thesystemisstatic,justaformalsystem.
Thedepthandbreadthofthequalityassurancesystemdependsonthequalitygoal.Thereisnofixedqualityassurancesystemthatadaptstodifferentqualitylevels.
Qualityassurancesystemismainlyestablishedforproductsorservicesprovided,andsometimesitcanalsobeestablishedforprocesses(orprocesses).