Explanationofterms
1.Printpublicationsorelectronicpublicationsthatareregularlyissuedtothepublicmainlyforpublishingnewsandcurrentaffairsreviews.Itisanimportantcarrierofmasscommunicationandhasthefunctionofreflectingandguidingpublicopinion.
2.Sometimesnewspaperalsoreferstoakindofpaperusedtoprintnewspapersorgeneralbooks,namelynewsprint(whitenewspaper).
Developmenthistory
Earlydays
Asearlyas2000yearsago,similarmanuscriptsappearedinChina.Itwasusedbythegovernmentatthattimetocopytheemperor'sdecreeandtheofficialmemorialsandotherdocumentsandrelatedpoliticalpublications.Itwascalledthe"DiBao".Ithascertaincharacteristicsofnewspapers.Itcanberegardedastheearliestformof"governmentbulletin."TheTangdynasty"JinZouYuanZhuang",originallystoredinDunhuangMogaoGrottoes,istheearliestknownmanuscriptmanuscriptinChina,morethan1,000yearsago.
TheuseofprintingpressesappearedinEuropeinabout1450.ThenewspaperreportingonColumbus’sdiscoveryoftheNewWorldappearedin1493andwasthefirstnewspaperprintedinRomeatthattime.Thenewspapersatthattimewerenotpublishedeveryday,butonlytemporarilyprintedwhentherewasnewnews.
In1609,Thornepublishedthe"AvisuAffairs"inGermany,whichwaspublishedonceaweek.ThiswasthefirstnewspapertobepublishedregularlyintheWest.Soon,newspapersbecamepopularinEurope,andthesourcesofnewsreportsgenerallydependedonwell-connectedbusinessmen.
Thedailynewspaperwasfirstpublishedin1650andwaspublishedbyGermanTimothyRitz.Althoughithasonlybeenpublishedforabout3months,itisthefirstdailynewspaperintheworld.
ThefirstnewspaperinEuropewaspublishedinNorwayin1358.
In1907,theBritish"DailyMirror"publishedphotosforthefirsttimeinsteadofpictures.
TheancientChinesenewspaperindustry
Thepressandpublishingindustrybelievesthat"DiBao"istheearliestnewspaperinmycountry."Di"originallyreferstotheresidenceoftheofficialsoftheancientpilgrimagetothecapitalinBeijing.ItappearedasearlyastheWarringStatesPeriod.SomepeoplesaythatitbeganintheWesternHanDynasty.YanShigusaid:"Theresidenceoftheprefectureandthecountryistheresidenceofthemasterinthecapital.Theresidenceisthemostimportantthing,andthewordsgotothesame."Later,the"di"wasusedastheofficeofthelocalhigh-rankingofficialinBeijingtopassonthenews.Design,hencethename"DiBao"."Dibao"isalsoknownas"Dichao",anditisalsocalled"Dibao","Tiaobao"and"MiscellaneousNews."Andpoliticalintelligence,belongtonewscopy.
HanDynasty
TheprefecturesintheHanDynastyandthevassaltownsintheTangDynastyusedtosetup"residences"inthecapital.ItsfunctionisequivalenttothecurrentnewsagencyinBeijing,focusingonconveyingthenewsofthegovernment.Alltheemperor’sdecree,ministerialmemorials,appointment,dismissal,andtransferofrelevantofficialsareallthecontentthattheofficialsneedtocollectandtranscribe."DiBao"wasoriginallycopiedbytheimperialcourt,andthenpostedonthepalacegateandcopiedbyothers,soitwasalsocalled"GongmenChao"and"YuanmenChao".Thiswasactuallytheearliestnewsreleasemethod.
TangDynasty
The"KaiyuanZabao"oftheTangDynastywasaDibaoissuedduringtheKaiyuanperiod.Itwasprintedwithengravingandthequalitywasnotveryhigh.Originally,therewasnoregistration,becauseitwasissuedduringtheKaiyuanperiod,andlatergenerationscalledit"KaiyuanZabao"."MiscellaneousNews"isanothernameforDiBao.
SongDynasty
SongDynastynewspapershavemanytitles,suchas"Dibao","Zhaobao","Dichao","IntroductiontotheCourt","Report",etc."DiBao"isthemostcommontermamongthem.Thecontentsof"Dibao"mainlyincludetheedictsandordersoftheemperor,dailywordsanddeeds,lawsandregulationsofthecentralgovernment,bulletins,newsofofficialappointments,rewardsandpunishments,andministerialchapters.Thepublicationof"DiBao"isstrictlycontrolledbythecentralgovernment.Mostofthe"Dibao"oftheSongDynastywerecopiedbyhand,andthiswasdescribedinthebook"HailingCollection·LunbanTabloid"byZhouLinintheSongDynasty.
IntheSongDynasty,therewereprofit-makingmerchantswhospeciallycopiedDibaoforsale.Inordertosavetrouble,officialsarewillingtospendsomemoneytobuy.Probablylateritwasavailableforpurchasebecauseofmoney,sotherewasnoneedtocopyit.ThereleasetimeoftheSongDynasty"DiBao"tendedtobefixed.
AttheendoftheMingDynasty
IntheMingDynasty,theGeneralAdministrationDepartmentwasestablishedtopublishthe"DiBao"tomanagethepublicationanddistributionofthe"DiBao".AttheendoftheMingDynasty,movabletypeprintingbegantobeusedfor"DiBao"printing.IntheearlyQingDynasty,GuYanwusaid:"Recallingtheold'Dibao',itwasnotuntiltheeleventhyearofChongzhen(1638)thattherewasnoletterpress."
QingDynasty
"DiBao"wasrenamed"BeijingNews"andbecameanewspaperthatcanbereadbyofficials,scholars,andevencivilians.AttheendoftheQingDynasty,therewasa"BeijingNews"inadditiontoDichao,andthe"BeijingNews"hadaspecialnewspaperroomtomanageandoperate.Movabletypeprintingisgenerallyused.Becausetheprintingqualityispoor,somefontsareskewed,theinkcolorissloppy,theproofreadingisnotaccurateenough,andtherearemanytypos.However,duetoitsnovelcontent,saleswerequitegood.AftertheintroductionofWesternprinting,mycountryswitchedtotypeprinting.
HistoryofWesternNewspaperDevelopment
Newspapershavegonethroughalonghistorysincetheirbirth.In60BC,theancientRomanstatesmanCaesarconsideredeventsinRomeandthecountryWrittenonawhitewoodenboardtoinformthecitizens.ThisistheoldestnewspaperintheWest.TheearliestnewspaperinChinawastheDiBaooftheHanDynasty,whichappearedintheearlyWesternHanDynastyaroundthesecondcenturyBC,aboutacenturyearlierthanthe"MaijiWen"oftheRomanEmpire.
In1450,theGermanGutenberginEuropeinventedthemetalmovabletypeprintingtechnology,soprintednewspapersbegantobepublished.In1493,newspaperspublishedinRomepublishedthenewsofColumbus'svoyage.Newspapersofthetimewereonlypublishedwhenmajoreventsoccurred.
In1609,Germanytooktheleadinpublishingregularnewspapers.Althoughitwasaweeklynewspaper,itsoonspreadthroughoutEurope.Theworld'sfirstdailynewspaperwaspublishedinGermanyin1650.NewspapersdidnotappearinFranceuntil1631,butintheUnitedKingdom,thenewspaperswereonlydistributedduetopoliticaleventsatthattime.ThefirstnewspaperintheUnitedStateswasthe"BostonNewsletter"publishedbytheDirectoroftheBostonPostOfficein1704beforeindependence.HistorydevelopedtotheperiodoftheEuropeanbourgeoisrevolution.NewspapershavebeenpublishedinvariousEuropeancountriesoneafteranother,andarelovedandacceptedbymoreandmorepeople.
Fromtheendofthe19thcenturytothebeginningofthe20thcentury,newspapersrealizedtheprocessfrom"niche"to"mass",andexperiencedamajor"leap".Duringthisperiod,thecirculationofnewspapershasrisensharply,fromtensofthousandsofcopiesinthepasttohundredsofthousands,hundredsofthousandsorevenmillionsofcopies:thescopeofreadershasalsocontinuedtoexpand.Peopletomiddleandlower-levelpeople.Thisqualitativeleapresultingfromtheaccumulationofquantityannouncedanera—theeraofmasscommunication.This"leap"markedthepeakofthedevelopmentofcapitalism.
Comparedwiththe"nicheization"(aristocratization)offeudalsociety,thenewspapersandperiodicalsintheperiodofthebourgeoisrevolutionhavebecome"popular".TheIndustrialRevolutionpromotedtherapiddevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces,thusbringingthebourgeoisnewspaperindustryintoanewera-theperiodof"cheapnewspapers"(thatis,"popular"newspapers)aimedatordinarypeople.Duringthisperiod,asnewspapersgraduallycateredtothetastesofthelowerclassandweresoldatlowprices,thereadershipcontinuedtoexpand.However,the"popularization"inthisperiodonlyhadapreliminaryform,anditsdevelopmentwasalsoveryunstable,whichwasnotthesameasthelaterpopularizednewspapers.
Secondly,thisleappromotedtheprogressofbourgeoisdemocracy.Aftertheemergenceofpopularcheapnewspapersinthe19thcentury,especiallyafterthecompletionofthe"popularization"ofnewspapersattheendofthe19thcentury,newspapersnolongeracceptedpartisanallowancesandturnedtofreepublishingandindependentoperations.Thenewspaperalsonolongeracceptsanyformofnewscensorshipandenjoysarelativelysufficientpublishingcopyright,interviewrightsandpublishingrights.Intermsofcontent,newspapersfocusonvarioustypesofinformation,providereaderswithinformationaboutvariousmattersasmuchaspossible,andgivereaders,includingpeoplefromallwalksoflife,fullfreedomofexpression.Inthisprocess,newspapershaveplayedaroleofpublicopinionsupervisionasa"socialpublicinstrument",enablingtheprinciplesofopenness,justice,andfairnessadvocatedbythebourgeoisparliamentarydemocracytobeimplemented.Atthesametime,throughitsownpractice,thepresshassupplementedandrevisedtheprincipleofbourgeoisfreedomofspeech,givingitaricherconnotation.Thispromotedthedevelopmentofbourgeoisdemocracy.
Again,ithasalsopromotedsocialandeconomicdevelopment.NewspapersinthemodernsensecameintobeingwhenthecapitalisteconomydevelopedrapidlyaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Hestartedfromtheemergenceof"popular"newspapersinthe19thcenturyandimplementedcorporateoperations,reducingprices,advertising,andexpandingdistributionashiswayofsurvival.,Thusbecominganindependenteconomicentitythatisresponsibleforitsownprofitsandlosses.Attheturnofthecentury(theendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury),capitalistcompetitionbecameincreasinglyfierceandabuyer'smarketgraduallyformed.Inordertowinthecompetition,merchantsadoptvariousmethodstopromoteproductsandexpandsales.Inthisprocess,newspapers,asacarrierofpublicinformation,havebecomemoreandmorepopularamongthem.Asaresult,newspaperswithalargecirculationreceivedalargenumberofadvertisements,andadvertisementsstimulatednewspaperstolowertheirprices,expandtheirdistribution,andwinmorereaders.Thiscanattractmoreadvertisements,andasaresult,ahugeamountofadvertisingexpensescomefromasourceandbecomeamajorincomeofthenewspaper.Afterthe20thcentury,withthefurtherdevelopmentofthecapitalisteconomyandtheintensificationofproductionandcapitalconcentration,thereweremoreandmoreadvertisementsinnewspapers,andtheproportionofadvertisingrevenueinthetotalincomeofnewspapersalsoincreased.TakethefamousAmericannewspaper"TheNewYorkTimes"asanexample.Thenewspaperpublishesalargenumberofadvertisements,whichtogetheraccountfortwo-thirdsofthenewspaper'stotallength;30%ofitstotalrevenuecomesfromnewspaperdistributionand70%fromadvertisements.Advertisements"feed"thenewspaperandbecomeitseconomiclifeline;atthesametime,bypublishingadvertisementsandpromotingproducts,newspapersinturnbecomeadrivingforceforeconomicdevelopment.Itinitiatesconsumption,balancessupplyanddemand,andpromotesmarketprosperity,therebycontributingtosocialandeconomicdevelopment.
Finally,theleapofthenewspaperindustrypromotedtheindustrializationofnewsmedia.Aftertheindustrialrevolution,withthedevelopmentofthecommodityeconomy,thecommodityattributesofnewspapershavebecomeincreasinglyprominent,andthenewspaperindustryhasgraduallytransitionedfromsmall-scaleproductiontocorporatemanagement,andhasincreasinglybecomeaprofitableandlucrativecapitalistindustry.Attheendofthe19thcentury,withthetransitionfromliberalcapitalismtomonopolycapitalism,newspapercapitalquicklyconcentrated,andthenewspapermonopolyorganization"papergroup"emerged,whichformedthepatternofmediaindustrialization.Bytheendofthe20thcentury,thesenewspapergroupshavedevelopedintoamediaindustrygroupwithstrongfinancialresources,multi-angleextensions,andtransnationaloperations.Forexample,TimeWarner,theworld'slargestmediacompany,hasmadeafull-scaleattackinthefieldsofnewspapers,bookpublishing,music,movies,andcabletelevision,andhasstrongvitality.
China’smodernnewspaperindustry
Chinaprintedtheworld’sfirstnewspaper-Tianbao4thyear(AD745)in1582,abouttheendoftheMingDynastyandhaditsfirstprivatenewspaperinBeijing.Publishednewspapers;
Thefirstofficialnewspaper---"BeiyangOfficialNewspaper"(1902,TianjinestablishedtheGeneralAdministrationofthecountryissued)thefirstChinesebusinessnewspaper---"HongKongSino-foreignNews"(1858,HongKong);
Thefirstcommercialnewspaper——-"HongKongShipHeadPricePaper"(1857,HongKong);
ThefirstpublishedinChinaChinesenewspapersandperiodicals—“MonthlyGeneralRecordsofEasternandWesternTests”(1833,Guangzhou);
ThefirstEnglishnewspaper—GuangzhouRecord(GuangdongChronicle)(1827,Guangzhou)—English);
Thefirstdomesticmodernnewspaper(andalsothefirstforeign-languagenewspaper)—"BeeChineseNewspaper"(1822,Macau—Portuguese);
ThefirstmodernChinesenewspaper(alsothefirstreligiousnewspaper)---"MonthlyRecordsoftheChaseSecular"(1815,Singapore).
Publicationpositioning
Content
Newspaperreferstothepublicationofnewsandnewsreviewsasnormalloosepages,withoutbindingandwithoutcoverPaperpublications.Ithasafixednameandisissuedtothepubliconaregularandcontinuousbasis.Modernnewspapersarepublishedonceaday,calleddailyjournals;oronceaweek,calledweeklyjournals.Newspapersinthissenseonlyappearedinmodernsociety.The"newspapers"inancientsocietieswereeithernotpaper-based,orprinted,orissuedirregularlyandcontinuously,andinacertainsense,theywerenotopentothepublic.
Theimmediateoriginofmodernnewspapersistheprintednewsprint(singlepieceofnewsleaflet)thatbegantoappearinGermanyinthe15thcentury.The"FrankfurtNews",foundedin1615,isgenerallyregardedasthefirst"real"newspaperbecauseithasafixednameandispublishedregularlyeveryweek.Eachpieceofpapercontainsseveralpiecesofnewsinsteadofasinglepieceofnews(butthenewspaperisSingle-sidedprinting).TheEnglishterm"newspaper"(Newspaper)firstappearedinthefirstBritishnewspaper"OxfordBulletin"in1665.Theearliestdailynewspaper"NewArrivalNews"appearedinLeipzig,Germanyin1650,butthedailynewspaperbecametheprotagonistofthenewspaperafterthe18thcentury.Thepopularityofdailynewspapersmarksthematurityofthejournalismindustryinacountryorregion.Becauseofthecontinuouspublicationofdailynewspapers,higherrequirementsaresetforthecollectionanddistributionofinformation,printingtechnology,thequalityofjournalists,andthelevelofmanagementpersonnel.
Regardlessofthesizeofanewspaper,itiscomposedofaheader,newsletter,layout,andcolumns.Themastheadisalwaysplacedinthemostprominentposition,mostlyintheupperleftcornerofapage,andsomeinthemiddleofthetopofthepage.Themostimportantthingonthemastheadistheregistration,whichisusuallyinscribedincalligraphybycelebrities,andsomearewritteninbold.Theeditorandpublicationdepartment,publicationregistrationnumber,totalissuenumber,publicationdate,etc.areoftenindicatedinsmallprintbelowtheheader.ThepublicationregistrationnumberindicatesthatthisnewspaperhasbeenregisteredwiththeNationalPressandPublicationAdministration,andthatunregisterednewspapersandperiodicalscannotbepubliclydistributedregardlessoftheircontent.Asmallsectionnexttothemastheadiscommonlyknownas"reporting."Therearenorulesonthecontentarrangementof"Reports".Someareusedtopostcontentsynopses,calendarsandweatherforecasts,someareusedtopostimportantnewsorpictures,andsomeareusedtopostadvertisements.Locatedinthe"newseye"position,advertisingcostsareparticularlyhigh.Thepagepositionofthenewspaperiscalledtheposition.Foranewspaper,thefirsteditionisthenewsedition,andthenewsonthiseditionismoreimportantthantheothereditions.Inthelayoutofahorizontalnewspaper,theupperleftcornerismoreimportantthantheupperrightcorner.Thesizeofthefontusedinanewspapernewsheadlinecanalsoindicatewhetheritisimportant.Theheadlineisthetitleofthenewsandarticlespublishedinthenewspaper,usedtosummarizeandremindthecontentofthesenewsandarticles,tohelpreadersunderstandtheirmeaningandessence.Therefore,readerscanunderstandthenewspaper'sposition,viewpoints,andattitudesfromthepositionandsizeoftheheadline,arousinggreaterinterestinreadingthenewspaper.Columnsareplaceswheresimilararticlesarepublishedinregularperiodicalsofnewspapers.The"ScienceandTechnologyWorld","InternationalOutlook",and"LettersfromReaders"areoftenseeninnewspapers.Inadditiontothecolumns,therearesomeirregularspecialeditionswithalargerscopethanthecolumns.Forexample,organizeabatchofspecialeditionsforessaysonwhatfestivalstocelebrate;organizesomespecialeditionsfordiscussiononissuesthatarousewidespreadinterestfromreaders.Thesespecialeditionshaveacertaintime,notasfixedasregularcolumns.Advertisementisacommonmeansofpropagandaincontemporarynewspapers.Herearemainlycommercialadvertisements,aswellassomeannouncements,notices,notices,andculturalandentertainmentadvertisements.Newspaperschargeacertainamountofadvertisingfeeforthebasicconstructionofthenewspaperoffice.
Publicationdevelopment
Intheearlydays,newspapersandmagazinesweremixed.Therewerenews,variousessaysandliteraryworks,andtheyweresimplyboundintoabook.Thenewspapersandmagazinesofthisperiodareusuallycalled"newspapers"ingeneral.Theearlyconceptsof"newspapers"inBritain,France,andChinaareusedinthissense.Fromthe18thcenturyinBritainandFrance,newspapersandmagazinesbegantobeclearlyseparated.Abouttwodecadesaftertheemergenceofmodern"newspapers"inChina,thedistinctionbetweennewspapersandmagazinesbecameclear.
Thenewspapercanbeusedasacommodityorasapropagandamaterialforpoliticalstruggles.Inhistory,mostnewspapersinWesterndevelopedcountrieshaveexperiencedthreedevelopmentperiods:theperiodofofficialnewspapers,theperiodofpartynewspapers,andtheperiodofcommercialnewspapers.Intheperiodofofficialnewspapers,forthefeudalkings,newspapersweremainlypropagandamaterialsforpoliticalstruggles,butforpublishersoffranchisednewspapers,itwasacommoditythatwasprofitablebyselling.Duringtheperiodofpartynewspapers,quiteafewnewspapersbelongedtovariouspoliticalpartiesorfactionstopromotetheirowninterests,buttherewerealsolargercommercialnewspaperswithobviouspoliticalinclination.Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,mostnewspapersinmajorcapitalistcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomweresocheapthatthepriceofeachnewspaperwasonlythesmallestunitofnationalcurrency(cents,pennies).Whennewspapersfacedthelowerclassofthepublic,theybegantostriveforthepublicasmuchaspossible,withprofitasthemainpurpose.Thus,thepartynewspaperperiodendedandenteredthecommercialnewspaperperiod.
Inordertomaximizecirculation,inadditiontopublishingnewsandstrengtheningthepopularizationofnews,newspapersareincreasinglyaddingentertainmentcontent.Inthecompetitionwithelectronicmedia,in-depthreportsofnewspapernewshavereceivedgreaterattention.
Popularnewspapershavegraduallyoccupiedalargeshareoftheoverallnewspaper.However,theso-called"high-endnewspapers"thattargetthemiddleandupperclassesofthepublichavegraduallystabilized,sopopularnewspapersand"high-endnewspapers"havebeenformed.Respectivelivingspace.Theformerhasahugecirculationandmakesmoreprofits,whilethelatterhasalimitedcirculation,butitoccupiesadominantpositionininfluencingpublicopinionandwinningreputation.Countrieswherethissituationismoreobvious,suchastheUnitedKingdomandGermany;whileinothercountries,thedivisionisnotveryclear,suchastheUnitedStates,France,andJapan.
Publicationintroduction
Classification
Publicationperiod:Dailynewspaper,weeklynewspaper,bi-weeklynewspaperorlongernewspaper;
Publicationtime:Daily,Morning,Morning,Evening;
Politics:LeftandRight;
Chargingornot:paidnewspapers,freenewspapers;
Mediaformat:printednewspapers,onlinenewspapers,e-newspapers,e-handsAccounteditionnewspaper;
Focusoncontent:Educationnewspaper,militarynewspaper,studentnewspaper,academicnewspaper,financialnewspaper,agriculturalnewspaper,tourismnewspaper,etc.
Organization
Thebasicorganizationalstructureinvolvedinmakinganewspaper:
1.Editor:Responsibleforarrangingtheplacementofeachpieceofnewsanddraftingthetitle,reviewingthecontent,Andevendeploytheworkofreporters;
2.Reporters:interview,shoot,writearticles;
3.Proofreading:checktypos;
4.Printandpublish.
Functions
Withregardtothefunctionsofnewspapers,differentviewscanbedrawnfromdifferentangles.Forexample,fromtheperspectiveofpoliticalpartyorgannewspapers,thefunctionsofnewspapersareasMaoZedongsaid:"Thenewspaper’sTheroleandstrengthliesinitsabilitytoenabletheparty’sprogramline,principles,policies,worktasksandworkingmethodstomeetwiththemassesmostquicklyandwidely.”ThegeneralizationofthefunctionsofnewspapersbytheFrenchjournalistBernardVaennecanbeAcceptedfromallaspects:themainreportingfunction,thesubsequentdebatefunction(thatis,thefunctionofdisseminatingopinions),andtheincidentalentertainmentfunction.
Advantages
1.Itcanbereadatanytime,withouttimelimit,andwillnotmisstheinformationreportedatthespecifiedtimelikeaTVorradioprogram;
2Tocirculatetoeachother,thenumberofreaderscanbeseveraltimesthenumberofprints;
3.Evenpeoplewithlowreadingorcomprehensionskillscanspendmoretimeandabsorbnewsfromnewspapers;
4.WiththeriseoftheInternet,thecirculationofonlinenewspapersisstrongerthanthatoftraditionalprintednewspapers.
Disadvantages
1.Duetodeadlinesandpublicationfactors,unabletoprovidethelatestinformationandreal-timecorrectioninformation;
2.ToomuchpaperbringscarryingandcirculationTheinconvenience;
3.ComparedwiththevideoclipsofTVandradio,theimpactandappealofpicturesandtextisrelativelylow;
4.Itiseasytobecontaminatedwithinkdirt.
Noun
[SatelliteNewspaper]
SatellitenewspaperisamodernnewspapermediainventedbytheDutchcompanySatlliteNewspapersWorldwide.Mode-SatelliteNewspaperSystem(KIOSKS).Throughthesatellitesystem,theoriginalnewspaperinformationofvariouscountriesiscollectedandsenttoeachpatentedterminaldevice.Readerspayforthepurchaseofnewspapersbymeansofcreditcardsorspecialcards.Itenablesreadersdistributedallovertheworldtoprintoutthenewspaperofthedaythatreaderswanttoreadinrealtimethroughlocalterminals,andrealizetheglobaldailydistributionandinstantreadingofnewspapermedia.
[InternetNewspaper]
Fromaglobalperspective,thepracticeofestablishingawebsiteontheInternettopublishonlinenewspapersbeganin1994andendedin1994.Attheendoftheyear,atotalof78newspaperspublishedonlineeditions.By1997,thenumberofonlinenewspapershadgrowntomorethan1,900.AtthebeginningofOctober1998,thedatapublishedonthewebsiteoftheAmericanNewsReviewshowedthatthenumberofonlinenewspapersintheworldhadincreasedto4,295,andattheendof1998to4,925.Today,thedevelopmentofonlinenewspapersisadvancingbyleapsandbounds.
Developmentstage:
(1)Theelectronicversionstage,thatis,allcontentontheInternetisacopyofapapernewspaper.
(2)Hyperlinkstage,thatis,throughhyperlinkswithspecificcolorsontheweb,readerscanjumpfromthiswebsitetoanotherwebsitethroughthelinkatanytimetoseektheinformationtheyneed.Atthesametime,BBS,mailinglistsandotherserviceshavebeenopenedonthewebsitesofvariousonlinenewspapersfortheaudiencetopublishinformationontheInternet.
(3)Inthemultimediastage,duetothelimitationsoftechnicallevelandequipmentperfection,itwilltaketimefornetworknewspaperstoreachthecompletemultimediastage.
[ElectronicNewspaper]
Electronicnewspaper,publishedbytheColumbusTelegraphintheUnitedStatesLaunchedin1981.Thereader'shomeisequippedwithacomputerterminalconnectedtothecomputercenter,andthecomputercanprovideavarietyofnewspapercontentatthesametime,whichcanbeselectedandreadbythereader.
[PopularNewspapers]
Popularnewspapersarealsocalledcheapnewspapers.Aftertheemergenceofmodernnewspapers,ithasexperiencedtheeraofpartynewspapersand"yellownewspapers".Inthe1830s,therewasa"newspaperthateveryonereads"-popularnewspapers.Thecharacteristicsofpopularnewspapersare:first,thecontentismainlytoreportnews,socialeventsandprovideentertainment;second,thecirculationislarge,generallyTensofthousands,hundredsofthousandsofcopies;third,readersarenotlimitedtospecificsocialgroups,butareorientedtoascattered,heterogeneous,andnon-quantitativemajorityofaudiences;fourth,advertisingrevenuehasbecomethemainsourceoffinancefornewspaperoperations.Theemergenceofmassnewspapersmarkedthebeginningoftheeraofmasscommunicationformankind.
[Newspapereditingwork]
Newspapereditingwork:referstoaseriesofworkcarriedoutbynewspapereditorsintheproductionprocessofnewspapers.Thebusinessscopeofnewspapereditingincludesthreeparts:planning,drafting,andpublishing.Planningreferstonewspaperplanningandreportplanning;manuscripteditingreferstoanalysisandselectionofrevisedmanuscriptsandproductionofheadlines;groupeditionreferstothecontentoftheconfigurationeditionandthedesignofthenewspaperlayout.
[NewspaperEditingPlanning]
Newspapereditingplanning:isthedecision-makinganddesignworkofnewspapereditorsinnewsgatheringandpublishingactivitiesItisanimportantpartofthenewspaperproductionsystem,andisthepositioninganddesignofthecommunicationcontentandformofthenewspaperasawholeanditscomponents.
[Newspaperstylecharacteristics]
Newspaperstylecharacteristicsrefertotheoverallstructureofthenewspaper,thecommunicationmethod,thecontentofthecommunicationandtheimageofthepage.Thestyleandcharacteristics.Itisdeterminedbythenatureofthenewspaper,thepurposeofrunningthenewspaper,andthetargetaudience.
Thelayoutofthenewspaperisalsodeterminedbythecontentofthenewspaper.Theimportantoneswillbedisplayedprominentlyinlargefonts,whiletherestwillbearrangedinsmallfonts,buttheimportantcontentcanalsobeseenbythetypesettingstaff.Understandingofcontentandnews.
Thereareoftenillustrationsinnewspapers.Suchillustrationscanalsotellthatthecharactersarenotinlinewiththecontentofthenewspaper.Thelayoutdesignhighlightsthecharacterofthenewspaperreporter.
[Newspaperlevel]
Thelevelofnewspaperreferstothelevelofthenewspaper’sideological,cultural,andprofessionalskills.ItspecificallydisseminatescontentthroughthenewspaperThedepth,breadth,language,layoutdesign,plateprintingandotherfactorsarecomprehensivelyexpressed.
Terminology
Media
NewsAgency
XinhuaNewsAgency
AssociatedPress(USA)AssociatedPressAP
AFP(France)AgencyFrancePressAFP
TASS(Russia)Tass
Reuters(UK)Reuter`sNewsAgencyReuter
Kyodo(Japan)KyodoNewsservicesKyodo
"Newspaper"(U.S.Newspaper)Press
"WallStreetJournal"(U.S.Newspaper)WallStreetJournal
"TheTimes"(Britishnewspaper)Times
"YomiuriShimbun"(Japanesenewspaper)MainichiDailyNews
"ChinaDaily"ChinaDaily
"People'sDaily"People`sDaily
"LiberationDaily"LiberationDaily
"Workers'Daily"Workers`Daily
"Farmers'Daily"Peasants`Daily
"GuangmingDaily"GuangmingDaily
"EconomicDaily"EconomicDaily
"ChinaYouthNews"ChinaYouthNews
ChinaEducationJournal
NewsCommunication
EditorialDepartment
Publisher
President
Editingdesk
Slotman;copyeditor
Managingeditor;editor-in-chief
Editor
Femaleeditoreditress
Cableeditor
Newseditor
Localeditor
TitleeditorHeadliner
Supplementeditor
Pictureeditor
Sportingeditor
Sportingeditor
Featureeditor
Proof-reader
InterviewDepartment
Chiefreporter
Reporter;newsman;newshawk;legman;
Reporternewspaperman;mewshound
InterviewreporterParagrapher
Warcorrespondent
Pressphotographer
Keyholereporter
Staffwriter
Specialcorrespondent
Correspondent
StaffwriterX-basedreporter
correspondentAcereporter;starreporter
Newswoman;newshen
Journalist
Columnist
p>Newsanalyst
Commentator
Editorialwriter
Advertisedepartment
Advertise;Advertizer
Advertisingagency
Mass-communicationcompany
NewscasterAnchorman;anchorwoman
NewspaperTerminology
newspaper
TheearliestmorningpaperBulldogedition
Morningpaper
Journal;Daily
Noonpaper
Eveningpaper;afternoonpaper
Express
Extra
NewsWeeklyWeekly
Organ
PartyOrgan
Gazette;communique
Semi-officialnewspaper
Tradepaper
Airedition
Internationaledition
p>Newssource
OfficialMouthpiece
Officialannouncement
Officiousannouncement
Hotnews
Backgroundnews
Wellinformed
Reliablesource
Authoritative
p>Extranumber
"Cihai"explainedtheextranumberofnewspapersas:"Thenewspapersandperiodicalsthatarepublishedregularlyhavebeenpublishedinthepreviousissueandthenextissuehasnotbeenpublishedforaperiodoftime.Newsandspecialevents,(newspapers)temporarilycompiledandprintedtoreporttoreadersquicklyandinatimelymanner,arenamedbecausetheyarenotincludedintheoriginalnumber."
Thereshouldbethreeelementsinthenewspaper'sextra:first,thecontentmustbeimportantnewsandspecialevents;second,thetimeshouldbetemporarilypublishedbetweenthetwoissues;third,noserialnumber.(Itdoesnotmatterwhetherthereisanissueornot.)
Newspaperextrashave2majorfeatures:1)Mostextrasarefreelypresented;2)Someare“majornews”,“goodnews”,“extraordinarynews”,“specialreports”,and“specialissues”Evenifthewords"extra"arenotmarked,theyshouldberegardedas"extra"newspapers.
Namesofnewspapersinvariouscountries
Asia
Japan
YomiuriShimbun
TheAsahiShimbun
MainichiShimbun
NihonKeizaiShimbun(NihonKeizaiShimbun)
ChunichiShimbun
SankeiShimbun
TokyoSportsNews(TokyoSports
NikkanSports
HokkaidoShimbun
SportsNippon
TheNikkanGendai
YukanFuji
ShizuokaShimbun
SankeiSports
HochiShimbun(HochiShimbun)
NishinipponShimbun
DailySports
TokyoShimbun(KyotoNews)Shimbun)
KobeShimbun
ChinaNews(ChugokuShimbun)
HebeiXinbao(KahokuShimpo)
SouthKorea
TheChosunIlbo(TheChosunIlbo)
JoongangIlbo(JoongangIlbo)
Dong-AIlbo(Dong-AIlbo)
Singapore
LianheZaobao
TheStraitsTimes
MainlandChina
ShijiazhuangDaily
YanzhaoEveningNews
NewMetropolisDaily
GaoyouDaily
LiaoshenEveningNews
NewBusinessNews
NewDailyNews
TonightNews
ChongqingMorningNews
ChongqingEveningNews
HarbinDaily
YangchengEveningNews
GuangzhouDaily
NewExpress
ShenyangEveningNews
ThePeninsulaMorningPost
TimesCommercialDaily
DalianCommercialDaily
SouthernMetropolisDaily
SouthernWeekend
PeopleDaily
ReferenceNews
GlobalTimes
ChinaYouthDaily
BeijingEveningNews
BeijingYouthDaily
p>BeijingMorningNews
BeijingTimes
BeijingEntertainmentNewspaper
ChinaTimes
NewsMorning
EveningNews
XinminEveningNews
ShenjiangServiceGuide
21stCenturyBusinessHerald
ShenzhenSpecialZoneNews
ShenzhenEveningNews
StraitMetropolisDaily
XiamenDaily
FujianDaily
StraitGuide
FuzhouDaily
FuzhouEveningNews
SoutheastExpress
YangtzeEveningNews
NanjingServiceHerald
JiangnanEveningNews
YanzhaoMetropolisDaily
DaheNews
CityMorningNews
ZhengzhouEveningNews
QiluEveningNews
JinanTimes
ThePeninsulaMetropolisDaily
ChengduCommercialDaily
WestChinaMetropolisDaily
ChengduEveningNews
QianjiangEveningNews
Today’sMorningNews
TianfuMorningNews
ChineseBusinessNews
SanqinMetropolisNews
Xi’anEveningNews
p>YangtzeRiverDaily
ChutianMetropolisDaily
WuhanMorningNews
WuhanEveningNews
XiaoxiangMorningNews
XiangShengNews
ChangshaEveningNews
ModernBusinessNews
HainanDaily
HaikouEveningNews
SpecialZoneTimes
ChongqingCommercialDaily
QuanzhouEveningNews
SoutheastMorningNews
ChinaBusinessTimes
FinancialTimes
p>AnshanDaily
BallNews
EconomicObserverNews
QianshanEveningNews
SportsWeekly
21stCenturyTalentNews
ChinaTaiwanRegion
LibertyTimes
AppleDaily
UnitedNews
ChinaTimes
EconomicDaily
BusinessTimes
People'sDaily
TaiwanTimes
CentralDailyNewspaper
ChinaDaily
YouthDaily
TaiwanXinshengDaily
p>WealthExpress
MandarinDaily
TaiwanLiPao
HongKong,China
EconomicDaily
MingPao
SingTaoDaily
OrientalDaily
TheEconomicDaily
WenWeiPao
TaKungPao
SouthChinaMorningPost
NewEveningNews
SingPao
AppleDaily
BusinessDaily
GongjiaoDaily(Catholic)
TheStandardNews
MetroDaily
HeadlineDaily
ExpressWeekly
SouthChinaMorningPost
Macao,China
(IncludingChinese,EnglishandPortugueseeditions.Daily,weekly,monthly,etc.)
PopularDaily
CitizenDaily
RegularReport
Star
ModernMacauDaily
OverseasChineseDaily
MacauDaily
NewChinaDaily
TheNewspaper
MacaoPulse
MacaoCulturalandEntertainmentNews
CurrentAffairsNews
SportsWeekly
MacaoObserver
MacaoLaborNews
p>ProductNews
ClarionNews
MacaoToday
MacaoTribune
PeriodReport
MacauPost
MacaoDailyTimes
Russia
MoskovskiyKomsomolets
LaborNews(Trud)
Notices
Pravda
MoscowTimes
MoscowNews
Philippines
BusinessDaily(Chinese)
StarNews
DailySurvey
Indonesia
JakartaPost
Malaysia
NanyangCommercialDaily
India
DainikJagran
TheTimesofIndia
DainikBhaskar
BeautifulMalayalam(MalayalaManorama)
GujaratSamachar
AnandaBazarPatrika
Eenadu
Hindustan
Mathrubhumi
TheHindu
PunjabLionKesari)
RajasthanPatrika
DailySakal
Today(AJ)
DailyThanthi
Sandesh
TheHindustanTimes
Thailand
ThaiRath
DailyNews
Seethebloodnewspaper(KomChadLuek)
Matichonnewspaper(Matichon)
NewNewspaper(KhaoSod)
Europe,America
UnitedStates
USAToday
TheWallStreetJournal
TheNewYorkTimes(TheNewYorkTimes)Times)
LosAngelesTimes
Al-Ahram
NewYorkDailyNews
p>TheWashingtonPost
NewYorkPost
ChicagoTribune
ChristScientologyMonitor
SanJoseMessenger
Cuba
Gramma
Argentina
TheBuenosAiresHerald
Brazil
BrazilDaily
UnitedKingdom
TheSun
TheDailyMail
TheDailyMirror(DailyMirror)
DailyExpress
DailyStar
TheTimes
SundayTimesNewspaper
FinancialTimes
TheObserver
TheDailyTelegraph
TheGuardian
TheEconomist
p>France
LeMonde
LePoint
LeFigaro(LeFigaro)
Libération
L'Express
LeNouvelObservateur
LesEchos
L'Humanité
L'Ouest-France
Germany
b>PictureReport(BILD)
WAZReport(WAZMediengruppe)
CologneReport(ZeitungsgruppeK?ln)
LeMonde
FrankfurtNewspaper
Mirror
Italy
Newspaper
EveningPost
CzechRepublic
PraguePost
Bulgaria
SofiaEchoes
Vatican
RomeObserver
Austria
KronenZeitung
Netherlands
DeTelegraaf
p>Ireland
TheIrishTimes
Pakistan
Jang(Jang)
DawnNews
Nepal
NepalNews
Israel
Haarez
Iraq
IraqNews
Jordan
TheJordanTimes
UnitedArabEmirates
KhaleejTimes
Palestine
TheJerusalemTimes
Oceania
AustraliaDaily
Africa
MiddleEastTimes(Egypt)
CommonSense
Opening:thesizeoftheentirenewspaper.Itiscalledaftertheopeningofthewhitepaper.Anewspaperthatisthesizeofahalf-blanknewspaperiscalledabignewspaper;anewspaperthatisthesizeofaquarterofablanknewspaperiscalledatabloid.Theformerinclude"People'sDaily","GuangmingDaily",and"MinxiDaily";thelatterincludes"ReferenceNews","XinminEveningNews"and"StraitMetropolisDaily".
Layout:referstotheoveralllayoutofvariousmanuscriptsontheplaneofeachpageofthenewspaper.Itcollectivelyreflectsthepropagandaandreportingintentionsofthenewspapereditorialdepartmentandiscalledthe"faceofthenewspaper."Newspapersinourcountryusuallyhavefourtoeightpages,andtherearealsomorethaneightpages.Thefirsteditionisthe"Newspaper",whichranksfirstinimportanceamongalleditions;theothereditionsare"divisionaleditions"(suchas"localedition","supplementedition","internationaledition",etc.),withnomajororsubordinate.
Position:Thepositionofthelayoutindicatesthedegreetowhichreadersvaluethesepositions.Accordingtothedirectionofthetextarrangement,people'svisualphysiology,andthehabitsofreadingnewspapers,thetopisusuallymoreimportantthanthebottom,andtheleftismoreimportantthantheright(inaverticalnewspaper,therightismoreimportantthantheleft).
Platecenter:Referstotheplacewheretextorpicturescanbearrangedinalayoutexceptforthewhitebordersaroundit,thatis,thecapacityofthelayout.Thesizeofapageisdeterminedbyfactorssuchastheopeningofthenewspaper,thestatusofitscolumns,andthesizeofthebasicfont.Thenewspapersarenotexactlythesame.
Masthead:Theplacewheretheregistrationisplacedonthefirstpageofthenewspaper,usuallyatthetopofthepage(Inadditiontotheregistration,theheaderofahorizontalnewspaperalsopublishesthedateofthenewspaper’sinauguration,thetotalnumberofissues,andthenumberofnewspaperpagesontheday.Andthepublicationdate,somealsoindicatethatitisanorganization’sofficialnewspaper,etc..
Reporter:Asmallsectionnexttotheregistration.Usuallypublishedsomeseparate,moreimportanttextsandPicturemanuscripts,aswellasthecontentsummary,weatherforecast,andcalendarofthenewspaperoftheday.
Middleseam:Thegapbetweentwoadjacentpagesofthenewspaper(suchasthefirstandfourthpages,andthesecondpage).Andthethirdedition),generallypublishknowledgeessays,TVshows,movieadvertisements,announcements,etc..
Headline:Positionreferstotheupperpartofeachpage.Placingnewspapersontherightisthemostimportant.
Themagicaluseofnewspapers
Manynewspapersboughtbypeoplefeeluselessafterreadingthem,andthrowthemeverywhere.Infact,wastenewspapersareusedformanypurposes:
1.Wipetheglass:firstspraysomewateronthenewspaper,thenwipeitcarefully,andfinallywipeitwithdrynewspaperoncetomaketheglassverybright.
2.Wipethebathtub:Thedirtdepositedonthebathtubisnoteasytocleanafterusingitforalongtime.Youcanspreadsomeoldnewspapersonthebathtubtoabsorbthemoistureandwipeitgently.Afteroneortwotimes,thebathtubwillnaturallybecomeclean.
3,Preservingvegetables:Ifthevegetablesyoujustbought,suchasgreenonions,radishes,carrots,etc.,arewashedwithwater,ifyouwanttokeepthemfreshforalongtime,theyshouldbewrappedinnewspaperandplacedinaventilatedplaceupright.
4.Simplepackaging:freshlybakedsweetpotatoeswillstainyourhands.Becausethetemperatureistoohightouseplasticbagsanditisunhealthy,manyvendorschoosetouseoldnewspaperstopacksweetpotatoes.
Thebestofnewspapers
China
TheBritishLibraryinLondon,UnitedKingdom,hasthe"IntroductiontotheCourt"fromDunhuangandTangGuiyifromChina,whichisconsideredtobetheearliestexistingnewspaperintheworld.
ThefirstChinese-languagedailypublishedinChinawasthe"WaizhongXinbao"foundedinHongKongin1858.LinZexu,somepeopleinmoderntimessaythathewasthefirstpersonintheQingDynastytoopenhiseyestotheworld.The"MacauNewsprint"hepublishedisTheearliesttranslatednewspapersinChina."MacaoNewsprint"and"MacaoMonthly"(WeiYuan'snameusedin"SeaStatePictorial")althoughtheyarecallednewspapers,theyarenotpublishedpublicly.
PublishedinGuangzhouin1872"NewRecordsofYangchengMining"isthefirstmodernnewspaperpublishedinmainlandChina.
"ZhaowenXinbao":Foundedin1873byAiXiaomeiandHankou,thefirstmodernnewspaperrunbytheChinese.
[ModernChineseNewspaper]TheTimesduringtheReformMovementof1898
TheMinbaoduringtheRevolutionof1911
May4thDuringthemovement,"NewYouth"becameaweapontoimproverevolutionandnewculture.
World
Thesmallestnewspaperintheworld
February16,2012,inPontaDelgada,Azores,Portugal,alocalweeklynewspaper
TerraNostrawasrecognizedasthesmallestnewspaperintheworldbytheGuinnessBookofRecords.Thewidthis32×22mm.Ithas24pages,andthecontentinvolvescurrentaffairs,entertainment,andpuzzles.Althoughthenewspaperissmall,thewordsarestillclearlyvisible.Price:4.50pounds(approximately70.2￥).Thisnewspaperisaminiversionofitsnormalversion,andonly1,000copiesareissuedworldwide.
Thisissueofthenewspapertitled"EmbracetheWorld"has32pagesandneedstobemagnified6to8timeswithamagnifyingglasstoreadit.
Theworld’slongestnewspaper
In1988,theFrench"MancheNews"publishedtheworld’slongestnewspapertocelebratetheNationalNewsFestival,Upto2.5kilometers.
Theworld’slargestnewspaper
TocelebratethelaunchoftheAsianeditionoftheBritish"FinancialTimes",thenewspaperrecentlyopeneditsheadquartersinHongKong,whereitsAsianeditionisheadquartered.Theworld’slargest"newspaper"ishungontheeastandnorthfacadesofPhase2oftheInternationalFinanceCenter.The415-meterbuildingisthetallestinHongKongandthethirdtallestintheworld.Theoutdooradvertisementofthisnewspaperis226metershighandcoversanareaofnearly20,000squaremeters.Ittook425litersofinktomake.
MainlandChina