Nanotechnology
Overview
Theso-callednanotechnologyreferstothestudyofthelawsandcharacteristicsofthemovementofelectrons,atomsandmoleculesonthescaleof0.1to100nanometersAbrand-newtechnology.Intheprocessofstudyingthecompositionofmatter,scientistsdiscoveredthatseveralordozensofcountableatomsormoleculesisolatedatthenanometerscaleexhibitedmanynewcharacteristics,andtechnologiesthatusethesecharacteristicstomakedeviceswithspecificfunctions,Itiscallednanotechnology..Themaindifferencebetweennanotechnologyandmicroelectronicstechnologyis:nanotechnologyistocontrolindividualatomsandmoleculestoachievespecificfunctionsofthedevice,anditusesthevolatilityofelectronstowork;whilemicroelectronicstechnologymainlycontrolselectronicgroupsToachieveitsfunction,itusestheparticlenatureofelectronstowork.Thepurposeofpeople'sresearchanddevelopmentofnanotechnologyistoachieveeffectivecontroloftheentiremicroscopicworld.
Summary
Nanotechnologyisahighlyintersectingcomprehensivediscipline,andtheresearchcontentinvolvesawiderangeofmodernscienceandtechnology.In1993,theInternationalNanotechnologySteeringCommitteedividednanotechnologyintosixsub-disciplines:nanoelectronics,nanophysics,nanochemistry,nanobiology,nanoprocessing,andnanometrics.Amongthem,nanophysicsandnanochemistryarethetheoreticalbasisofnanotechnology,andnanoelectronicsisthemostimportantcontentofnanotechnology.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology)
Nanotechnologyisactuallyatechnologythatusessingleatomsandmoleculestomakesubstances.
Fromtheresearchstatussofar,therearethreeconceptsaboutnanotechnology.ThefirstisthemolecularnanotechnologyproposedbytheAmericanscientistDr.Drexlerinthebook"TheMachineofCreation"in1986.Accordingtothisconcept,themachinethatcombinesmoleculescanbeputintopracticaluse,sothatallkindsofmoleculescanbecombinedarbitrarily,andanykindofmolecularstructurecanbeproduced.Thisconceptofnanotechnologyhasnotmadesignificantprogress.
Thesecondconceptpositionsnanotechnologyasthelimitofmicromachiningtechnology.Thatis,thetechnologyofartificiallyformingnano-sizedstructuresthroughnano-precision"processing".Thisnano-levelprocessingtechnologyalsomakessemiconductorminiaturizationabouttoreachitslimit.Eveniftheexistingtechnologycontinuestodevelop,theoreticallyspeaking,itwilleventuallyreachitslimit.Thisisbecauseifthelinewidthofthecircuitisreduced,theinsulatingfilmconstitutingthecircuitwillbeextremelythin,whichwilldestroytheinsulatingeffect.Inaddition,thereareproblemssuchasheatgenerationandshaking.Inordertosolvetheseproblems,researchersarestudyingnewtypesofnanotechnology.
Thethirdconceptisproposedfromtheperspectiveofbiology.Originally,organismshavenano-scalestructuresincellsandbiofilms.
Nanotechnologyincludesnanobiology,nanoelectronics,nanomaterials,nanomechanics,nanochemistryandotherdisciplines.Frommicro-technology,includingmicroelectronics,tonano-technology,humanbeingsaregettingdeeperanddeeperintothemicro-world,andthelevelofpeople'sunderstandingandtransformationofthemicro-worldhasreachedanunprecedentedlevel.ThefamousChinesescientistQianXuesenalsopointedoutthatstructuresaroundnanometersandbelownanometersareafocusofthenextstageofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment,whichwillbeatechnologicalrevolution,whichwillcauseanotherindustrialrevolutioninthe21stcentury.
Althoughthereisstillalongwaytogobeforetheapplicationstage,duetotheextremelybroadapplicationprospectsbredbynanotechnology,developedcountriessuchastheUnitedStates,Japan,andtheUnitedKingdomhaveallattachedgreatimportancetonanotechnology.Developaresearchplanandconductrelatedresearch