Basicinformation
Cause
Thereisamoregeneraldefinitionof"mentaldisorder",whichreferstotheinabilitytosocializeActinawaythatisconsideredappropriate,sothattheconsequencesoftheirbehaviorarenotsuitableforthemselvesorthesociety.This"inability"maybetheresultoforganicdamageorfunctionaldamage,orboth.Itcanbesummarizedas:①Psychologicaldysfunctionreferstotheimpairmentofcognitiveemotionorbehavioralfunction;②personalpainthediseasecausespainfortheindividual;③atypicalOrwhatisnotexpectedbycultureisnotatypicalcharacteristicofculturalbehaviorintheregion.
Clinicalmanifestations
Humanmentalactivitiesareorganic,coordinatedandunified.Fromacceptingexternalstimulitoresponding,itisaseriesofinterrelatedandinseparableactivities.Mentalactivitiesincludefeelings,perception,memory,thinking,emotions,attention,will,intelligence,personality,consciousness,etc.Changesinanyoneofthemcanbemanifestedasmentalactivitydisorders,thatis,variousaspectsofmentalactivityarenotcoordinatedwitheachotherormentalactivityInconsistencywiththeenvironmentcanbemanifestedasmentalabnormalities.
Themostcommonmentalactivitydisordersareanxiety,horror,hallucinations,delusions,excitement,depression,mentalretardation,conductdisorder,andinabilitytoadapttothesocialenvironment.
Themanifestationsofpsychologicalabnormalitiescanbesevereormild.
Themanifestationsofpsychologicalabnormalitiesarediverse.Atpresent,theyaregenerallyclassifiedaccordingtothefollowingsystem.
1.Severepsychologicalabnormalities
Includingschizophrenia,manic-depressivepsychosis,paranoidpsychosis,reactivepsychosis,pathologicalpersonalityandsexualityabnormal.
2.Mildpsychologicalabnormalities
Neurosisincludesneurasthenia,hysteria,anxiety,obsessive-compulsivedisorder,phobia,hypochondria,depressiondisease.
3.Psychosomaticdisorders
Mentaldisordersassociatedwithphysicaldiseasesincludeliver,lung,heart,kidney,bloodandothervisceraldiseases,endocrinediseases,collagenSexualdiseases,metabolicnutritiondiseases,postpartummentaldisordersandperiodicpsychosis.Psychologicalabnormalitiescausedbyvariouspsychosomaticdiseases(suchashypertension,coronaryheartdisease,ulcerdisease,bronchialasthma,etc.).
4.Mentalabnormalitiesinbraindisordersandphysicaldefects
includingtoxicpsychosis,infectiouspsychosis,brainorgansQualitativepsychosis,mentaldisordersassociatedwithintracranialinfections,mentaldisordersassociatedwithintracranialtumors,mentaldisordersassociatedwithcerebrovasculardiseases,mentaldisordersassociatedwithheadinjury,mentaldisordersassociatedwithepilepsy,psychiatricdisordersMentaldisorderssuchasexternalsystemdiseasesanddemyelinatingdiseases,senilepsychosis,mentalretardation,deafness,dumbness,blindness,claudicationandotherphysicaldefects.
5.Psychologicalabnormalitiesunderspecialconditions
Suchaspsychologicalabnormalitiescausedbycertaindrugsandhallucinogens;specialenvironments(aerospace,navigation,diving,Highmountains,etc.);psychologicalabnormalitiescausedbyhypnosisorsomespecialstatesofconsciousness,etc.
Check
1.Comparison
Individualscanfeeldifferentfromthepast,suchasexperiencingdepression,unhappinessordepression,Andfeelpain,soIneedtoseekhelpfromadoctor.Ortheobserverobservesthatthepatient'sbehaviorisdifferentfromthepastbasedonhisownexperience,whichcanalsoberegardedasabnormal.
2.Changesinthenatureofmentalactivity
Ifthereareobviousqualitativechangesinthepatient’smentalactivity,suchashallucinations,delusions,andobviousDisturbanceinlanguageorabnormalbehaviorindicatesapsychologicaldisorder.
3.Socialadaptationbarriers
Humanbehaviorisalwaysinharmonywiththeenvironment.Iftheindividualhassocialmaladjustment,itreflectsthathismentalactivitymaybeabnormal.However,people'ssocialadaptationbehaviorsandabilitiesareaffectedbytime,place,culture,customsandotherfactors,sosocialadaptationstandardsshouldbedeterminedaccordingtospecificcircumstances.
4.Statisticalstandards
Statisticsstandardsbelievethatpeople’spsychologicalmeasurementresultsareusuallynormallydistributed,andmostpeopleinthemiddlearementallynormalRange,bothendsareconsidered"abnormal".Therefore,todeterminewhetheraperson'smentalityisnormalornotdependsontheaveragelevelofdeviationfromthenormalperson'smentalcharacteristics.Inotherwords,akindofmentalactivityisnormalifitispossessedbymostpeopleunderthesameconditions;itisabnormalifitdeviatesfromthegenerallevelofmostpeople.Peoplehavedeviseddifferentpsychometrictechniquestomeasuredifferentpsychologicalcharacteristics.Accordingtothecomparisonofthemeasurementresultsofacertainindividualwiththemeasurementresultsofthenormalpopulation,thenormalandabnormalcriticalstatescanbedistinguished,suchasIQ:lessthan70isregardedasabnormal;70-90isregardedascritical;andabove90isnormal.Inaddition,somescalesusedinclinicalpracticearealsodesignedusingsimilarprinciples,andtheresultscanbeusedforclinicalreference.
5.Symptomsandetiologicalcriteria
Symptomsandetiologicalcriteriatreatmentaldisordersasphysicaldiseases.Ifapersonexhibitsacertainpsychologicalphenomenonorbehaviorandcanfindpathologicalanatomyorpathophysiologicalchanges,itisconsideredthatthepersonhasapsychologicaldisorderoradisease.Suchasthepsychologicaldisorderofdrugtoxicity,thejudgmentcanbebasedonwhetherthereisacertaindrug.Atthistime,physicalandchemicalexaminationsandpsychophysiologicaldeterminationsareofgreatsignificance.
Diagnosis
Thediagnosiscanbemadebasedontheetiology,clinicalmanifestationsandrelatedexaminations.
Differentialdiagnosis
Itisoftendifficulttocorrectlydistinguishbetweennormalandabnormalmentalactivity.Therearefourreasons:
1.Humanmentalactivityisinvisible,Canonlyinfertheprocessofhismentalactivitythroughhisspeechandbehavior.
2.Psychologicalactivitiesareaffectedbyavarietyoffactorssuchasenvironment,interpersonalandsocialandculturalrelations,aswellasspeakingandbehavior.
3.Individualdifferencesinmentalactivityaregreat.
4.Thereisnocleardistinctionbetweennormalandabnormalmentalactivities.
Therefore,onlyoneaspectofabnormalmentalactivitycannotbedeterminedasapsychologicaldisorder;thediagnosisofpsychologicaldisorderneedstomeetcertainstandards,andtheindividualfeelspainorobviouslyaffectshissocialcommunicationorprofessionalfunction.
Treatment
1.Faceyourownpsychologicalobstacles.
2.Followthescientificlawoftreatment.
3.Choosetherightpsychologist.
4.Seekprofessionalmedicaltreatment.
Prevention
1.Cultivateinterestandactivelyparticipateinoutdooractivities.
2.Learntocommunicateandhandleinterpersonalrelationshipswell.
3.Enhanceself-confidenceandputideasintoaction.
4.Stablementalityandfacedifficultiescalmly.
5.Becontentedandhappy,don'tpursueperfection.
6.Strengthenself-cultivationandavoidinferiorstimulation.
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