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First-generation computer



Background

The1950swasthefirstclimaxofcomputerdevelopment.Atthattime,themaincomponentsincomputerswereallmadeofelectrontubes,andlatergenerationswilluseelectrontubes.Thecomputeriscalledthefirst-generationcomputer.Thedevelopmentofcomputersinthisperiodhasthreecharacteristics:thatis,ithasexpandedfrommilitaryusetocivilianuse,fromlaboratorydevelopmenttoindustrialproduction,andatthesametime,ithasexpandedfromscientificcomputingtodataandtransactionprocessing.

Representedby"Agnac",abatchofcomputerswerequicklyintroducedtothemarket,formingthefirstgenerationofcomputerfamilies.Duringthisperiod,theAmericanHungarianscientistvonNeumannproposedtheconceptof"programstorage".Thebasicideawastomakesomecommonbasicoperationsintocircuits,andeachsuchoperationwasrepresentedbyanumber,soThisnumbercaninstructthecomputertoperformacertainoperation.Theprogrammerusesthesenumberstocompileaprogramaccordingtotherequirementsofsolvingtheproblem,andputstheprogramtogetherwiththedataintheinternalmemoryofthecomputer.Whenthecomputerisrunning,itcansequentiallyfetcheachinstructionintheprogramfromthememoryataveryhighspeedandexecutethemonebyonetocompleteallcalculationoperations.Itautomaticallyadvancesfromoneprograminstructiontothenext.Thejobsequenceisautomaticallycompletedbythe"conditionaltransfer"instruction."Programstorage"makesallcalculationsatrulyautomaticprocess.Itsappearanceishailedasamilestoneinthehistoryofelectroniccomputers,andthistypeofcomputeriscalled"vonNeumannmachine".

Features

Themainfeaturesofthefirstgenerationofcomputersare:

  • Usingelectrontubesasbasiccomponents;

  • Usingmercurydelaylinesasstoragedevices,andthengraduallytransitioningtousingmagneticcorememory;

  • Theinputandoutputdevicesaremainlypunchedcards,andusersuseItisveryinconvenient;

  • Thesystemsoftwareisstillveryprimitive,andtheusermustmasterthemethodofprogramminginabinarymachinelanguage.

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