Developmentstage
Electronictechnologyisanemergingtechnologythatbegantodevelopfromtheendofthenineteenthcenturytothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.Itdevelopedthefastestandmostwidelyusedinthetwentiethcentury.Ithasbecomeamodernscienceandtechnologydevelopment.Animportantsign.Duringtheperiodbetweentheendoftheeighteenthcenturyandthebeginningofthenineteenthcentury,duetotheneedsofproductiondevelopment,theresearchworkonelectromagneticphenomenadevelopedrapidly.In1785,theFrenchscientistCoulombobtainedtheCoulomblawofelectricchargethroughexperiments.In1895,theDutchphysicistHendrikAntonLorenzassumedtheexistenceofelectrons.In1897,BritishphysicistJ.J.Thompsonusedexperimentstofindelectrons.In1904,theBritishJ.A.Fleminginventedthesimplestdiode(diodeorvalve)todetectweakradiosignals.In1906,L.D.Forestinstalledathirdelectrode(grid)inthediodeandinventedthetransistorwithamplification.Thiswasthemostimportantmilestoneintheearlyhistoryofelectronics.In1948,severalresearchersatBellLaboratoriesintheUnitedStatesinventedthetransistor.Thefirstsamplesofintegratedcircuitsappearedintheworldin1958.Theappearanceandapplicationofintegratedcircuitsmarkedanewstageinthedevelopmentofelectronictechnology.
Theresearchofelectronictechnologyistheapplicationofelectronicdevicesandcircuitscomposedofelectronicdevices.Semiconductordevicesarethemostbasiccomponentsthatconstitutevariousdiscreteandintegratedelectroniccircuits.Withtherapiddevelopmentofelectronictechnology,variousnewsemiconductordevicesemergeinendlessly.Thedevelopmentdirectionofmodernpowerelectronicstechnologyistotransformfromtraditionalpowerelectronics,whichfocusesonlow-frequencytechnologytodealwithproblems,tomodernpowerelectronics,whichfocusesonhigh-frequencytechnology.Powerelectronicstechnologybeganwithsiliconrectifierdevicesinthelate1950sandearly1960s.Itsdevelopmenthassuccessivelyexperiencedtherectifierera,theinvertereraandthefrequencyconverterera,andhaspromotedtheapplicationofpowerelectronicstechnologyinmanynewfields.ThepowersemiconductorcompositedevicesrepresentedbypowerMOSFETsandIGBTsdevelopedinthelate1980sandearly1990s,whichintegratehighfrequency,highvoltageandhighcurrent,indicatethattraditionalpowerelectronicstechnologyhasenteredthemodernpowerelectronicsera.
Theeraofrectifiers
High-powerindustrialelectricityisprovidedbypowerfrequency(50Hz)alternators,butabout20%oftheelectricityisconsumedintheformofdirectcurrent,themosttypicalofwhichItisthethreemajorareasofelectrolysis(non-ferrousmetalsandchemicalrawmaterialsrequiredirectcurrentelectrolysis),traction(electriclocomotives,electricdrivediesellocomotives,subwaylocomotives,urbantrolleybuses,etc.)andDCdrive(steelrolling,papermaking,etc.).High-powersiliconrectifierscanefficientlyconvertpowerfrequencyalternatingcurrentintodirectcurrent.Therefore,inthe1960sand1970s,thedevelopmentandapplicationofhigh-powersiliconrectifiersandthyristorshavebeengreatlydeveloped.Theupsurgeofbuildingasiliconrectifierfactory.Thenation'slargeandsmallsemiconductormanufacturersmanufacturingsiliconrectifiersweretheproductsofthattime.
Inverterera
Therewasaworldwideenergycrisisinthe1970s,andACmotorvariablefrequencyspeedregulationdevelopedrapidlyduetoitsremarkableenergy-savingeffect.Thekeytechnologyofvariablefrequencyspeedregulationistoinvertdirectcurrenttoalternatingcurrentof0~100Hz.Inthe1970sand1980s,withthepopularizationofvariablefrequencyspeedregulationdevices,thyristors,giantpowertransistors(GTR)andgateturn-offthyristors(GT0)forhigh-powerinvertersbecametheprotagonistsofpowerelectronicdevicesatthattime.Similarapplicationsincludehigh-voltageDCoutput,staticreactivepowerdynamiccompensationandsoon.Atthistime,thepowerelectronicstechnologyhasbeenabletoachieverectificationandinversion,buttheoperatingfrequencyislow,onlylimitedtothelow-frequencyrange.
Inverterera
Inthe1980s,therapiddevelopmentoflarge-scaleandverylarge-scaleintegratedcircuittechnologylaidthefoundationforthedevelopmentofmodernpowerelectronicstechnology.Combiningthefineprocessingtechnologyofintegratedcircuittechnologywithhigh-voltageandhigh-currenttechnology,anewbatchoffully-controlledpowerdevicesappeared,firstofall,theadventofpowerMOSFETs,whichledtothedevelopmentofsmallandmediumpowersuppliestohighfrequency,andtheninsulatedgates.Theemergenceofbipolartransistors(IGBT)hasbroughtopportunitiesforthedevelopmentoflargeandmedium-sizedpowersuppliestohighfrequencies.ThesuccessiveappearanceofMOSFETandIGBTisasignofthetransformationfromtraditionalpowerelectronicstomodernpowerelectronics.Accordingtostatistics,bytheendof1995,powerMOSFETsandGTRshadreachedanequalshareinthepowersemiconductordevicemarket,andtheuseofIGBTstoreplaceGTRsinthefieldofpowerelectronicshasreachedaconclusion.ThedevelopmentofnewdevicesnotonlyprovidesahigherfrequencyforACmotorfrequencyconversionspeedregulation,makingitsperformancemorecompleteandreliable,butalsoenablesmodernelectronictechnologytodeveloptowardshighfrequency,whichcansavematerialsandsaveenergyforhigh-efficiencyandlight-weightelectricalequipment.Quantification,mechatronicsandintelligenceprovideanimportanttechnicalfoundation.
Applicationfield
Powersupplyandpowersystem
Computerhigh-efficiencygreenpowersupply
High-speeddevelopmentcomputerTechnologyhasledmankindintotheinformationsocietyandatthesametimepromotedtherapiddevelopmentofpowertechnology.Inthe1980s,computersfullyadoptedswitchingpowersupplies,andwerethefirsttocompletethereplacementofcomputerpowersupplies.Thenswitchingpowersupplytechnologyhasenteredthefieldofelectronicsandelectricalequipmentoneafteranother.
Thedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyhasproposedgreencomputersandgreenpowersupplies.Greencomputersgenerallyrefertopersonalcomputersandrelatedproductsthatareharmlesstotheenvironment.Greenpowersuppliesrefertohigh-efficiencypower-savingpowersuppliesrelatedtogreencomputers.Ifthepowerconsumptionofatypedpersonalcomputerorrelatedperipheralequipmentinsleepmodeislessthan30watts,itmeetstherequirementsofagreencomputer.Improvingpowerefficiencyisthefundamentalwaytoreducepowerconsumption.Asfarasthecurrent200-wattswitchingpowersupplywithanefficiencyof75%isconcerned,thepowersupplyitselfconsumes50wattsofenergy.
High-frequencyswitchingpowersupplyforcommunication
Therapiddevelopmentofthecommunicationindustryhasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofcommunicationpowersupply.High-frequencyminiaturizedswitchingpowersupplyanditstechnologyhavebecomethemainstreamofmoderncommunicationpowersupplysystems.Inthecommunicationfield,therectifierisusuallycalledtheprimarypowersupply,andthedirectcurrent-directcurrent(DC/DC)converteriscalledthesecondarypowersupply.Thefunctionoftheprimarypowersupplyistotransformasingle-phaseorthree-phaseACpowergridintoaDCpowersupplywithanominalvalueof48V.Atpresent,intheprimarypowersupplyusedinprogram-controlledswitches,thetraditionalphase-controlledregulatedpowersupplyhasbeenreplacedbyahigh-frequencyswitchingpowersupply.Itisgenerallycontrolledwithintherangeof50-100kHztoachievehighefficiencyandminiaturization.Inrecentyears,thepowercapacityofswitchingrectifiershascontinuedtoexpand,andthecapacityofasingleunithasexpandedfrom48V/12.5A,48V/20Ato48V/200A,48V/400A.
Duetothevarioustypesofintegratedcircuitsusedincommunicationequipment,andtheirpowersupplyvoltagesarealsodifferent,high-powerdensityhigh-frequencyDC-DCisolatedpowersupplymodulesareusedinthecommunicationpowersupplysystem,fromtheintermediatebusvoltage(Usually48VDC)isconvertedintovariousDCvoltagesrequired,whichcangreatlyreduceloss,facilitatemaintenance,andisveryconvenienttoinstallandincrease.Generally,itcanbedirectlyinstalledonthestandardcontrolboard,andtherequirementforthesecondarypowersupplyishighpowerdensity.Asthecommunicationcapacitycontinuestoincrease,thecommunicationpowersupplycapacitywillalsocontinuetoincrease.
DC-DC(DC/DC)converter
TheDC/DCconverterconvertsafixedDCvoltageintoavariableDCvoltage,Thistechnologyiswidelyusedinthesteplessspeedchangeandcontroloftrolleybuses,subwaytrains,andelectricvehicles.Atthesametime,theabove-mentionedcontrolcanachievesmoothaccelerationandrapidresponseperformance,andatthesametimereceivetheeffectofsavingelectricenergy.ReplacingthevaristorwithaDCchoppercansavepower(20-30)%.TheDCchoppercannotonlyregulatethevoltage(switchingpowersupply),butalsoeffectivelysuppresstheharmoniccurrentnoiseonthegridside.
ThesecondarypowersupplyDC/DCconverterofthecommunicationpowersupplyhasbeencommercialized.Themoduleadoptshigh-frequencyPWMtechnology,theswitchingfrequencyisabout500kHz,andthepowerdensityis5W~20W/in3.Withthedevelopmentoflarge-scaleintegratedcircuits,powersupplymodulesarerequiredtobeminiaturized.Therefore,itisnecessarytocontinuouslyincreasetheswitchingfrequencyandadoptnewcircuittopologies.Atpresent,somecompanieshavedevelopedandproducedtwodevicesthatusezero-currentswitchingandzero-voltageswitchingtechnologies.Thepowerdensityofthesecondarypowersupplymodulehasbeengreatlyimproved.
Uninterruptiblepowersupply(UPS)
Uninterruptiblepowersupply(UPS)isacomputer,communicationsystemandrequirementsthatcannotbeinterruptedAhigh-reliability,high-performancepowersupplynecessaryforoccasions.TheACmainsinputisconvertedintoDCbytherectifier,partoftheenergyischargedtothebatterypack,andtheotherpartoftheenergyisconvertedintoACbytheinverter,andsenttotheloadthroughthetransferswitch.Inordertostillprovideenergytotheloadwhentheinverterfails,anotherbackuppowersourceisimplementedthroughapowertransferswitch.
ModernUPSgenerallyadoptspulsewidthmodulationtechnologyandmodernpowerelectronicdevicessuchaspowerMOSFETsandIGBTs.Thenoiseofthepowersupplycanbereduced,andtheefficiencyandreliabilitycanbeimproved.TheintroductionofmicroprocessorsoftwareandhardwaretechnologycanrealizetheintelligentmanagementofUPS,remotemaintenanceandremotediagnosis.
Currently,themaximumcapacityofonlineUPScanreach600kVA.Thedevelopmentofultra-smallUPSisalsoveryrapid,andtherearealreadyproductswithvariousspecificationssuchas0.5kVA,1kVA,2kVA,and3kVA.
Inverterpowersupply
InverterpowersupplyismainlyusedforvariablefrequencyspeedregulationofACmotors,anditspositionintheelectricdrivesystemisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Obtainahugeenergysavingeffect.ThemaincircuitoftheinverterpowersupplyadoptsAC-DC-ACscheme.TheindustrialfrequencypowersupplyisconvertedintoafixedDCvoltagethrougharectifier,andthenaPWMhigh-frequencyconvertercomposedofhigh-powertransistorsorIGBTsinvertstheDCvoltageintoavoltageandfrequencyvariableACoutput.Theoutputwaveformofthepowersupplyissimilartoasinewave.UsedtodriveACasynchronousmotorstoachievesteplessspeedregulation.
Theinverterpowersupplyseriesproductsbelow400kVAhavecomeoutinternationally.Intheearly1980s,ToshibaofJapanfirstappliedACfrequencyconversionspeedregulationtechnologytoairconditioners.By1997,itssharehasreachedmorethan70%ofJapanesehouseholdairconditioners.Inverterairconditionershavetheadvantagesofcomfortandenergysaving.Domesticresearchoninverterairconditionersbeganintheearly1990s.In1996,aproductionlinewasintroducedtoproduceinverterairconditioners,whichgraduallyformedahotspotforthedevelopmentandproductionofinverterairconditioners.Itisexpectedthattheclimaxwillbeformedaround2000.Inadditiontotheinverterpowersupply,theinverterairconditioneralsorequiresacompressormotorsuitableforinverterspeedregulation.Optimizingthecontrolstrategyandselectingfunctionalcomponentsarethefurtherdevelopmentdirectionoftheresearchanddevelopmentoftheairconditionerinverterpowersupply.
Highfrequencyinverterrectifierweldingmachinepowersupply
Highfrequencyinverterrectificationweldingmachinepowersupplyisahigh-performance,efficientandmaterial-savingThenewtypeofweldingmachinepowersupplyrepresentsthedevelopmentdirectionoftoday'sweldingmachinepowersupply.DuetothecommercializationofIGBThigh-capacitymodules,thiskindofpowersupplyhasbroaderapplicationprospects.
InverterweldingmachinepowersuppliesmostlyadoptAC-DC-AC-DC(AC-DC-AC-DC)conversionmethod.The50Hzalternatingcurrentisconvertedintodirectcurrentthroughfullbridgerectification,andthePWMhigh-frequencyconversionpartcomposedofIGBTsinvertsthedirectcurrentintoahigh-frequencyrectangularwaveof20kHz,coupledwithahigh-frequencytransformer,rectifiedandfiltered,andbecomesastabledirectcurrent,whichisusedasapowersupplyarc.
Duetothepoorworkingconditionsoftheweldingmachinepowersupply,andfrequentshortcircuit,arcing,andopencircuitchanges,thereliabilityofthehigh-frequencyinverterrectifierweldingmachinepowersupplyhasbecomethemostcriticalissue,Isalsothemostconcernedissueofusers.Usingamicroprocessorastherelevantcontrollerofpulsewidthmodulation(PWM),throughtheextractionandanalysisofmulti-parametersandmulti-information,thepurposeofpredictingthevariousworkingconditionsofthesystemisachieved,andthesystemcanbeadjustedandprocessedinadvancetosolvetheproblem.Improvethereliabilityofthecurrenthigh-powerIGBTinverterpowersupply.
Foreigninverterweldingmachinescanachievearatedweldingcurrentof300A,aloaddurationof60%,afullloadvoltageof60~75V,acurrentadjustmentrangeof5~300A,andaweightof29kg.
High-powerswitchinghigh-voltageDCpowersupplies
High-powerswitchinghigh-voltageDCpowersuppliesarewidelyusedinelectrostaticdustremoval,waterqualityimprovement,medicalX-raymachinesandCTMachinesandotherlargeequipment.Thevoltageisashighas50~159kV,thecurrentisabove0.5A,andthepowerisupto100kW.
Sincethe1970s,somecompaniesinJapanhaveadoptedinvertertechnology,whichconvertsthemainspowertoanintermediatefrequencyofabout3kHzafterrectification,andthenboostsit.Inthe1980s,high-frequencyswitchingpowersupplytechnologydevelopedrapidly.Germany'sSiemensusespowertransistorsasthemainswitchingelementtoincreasetheswitchingfrequencyofthepowersupplytomorethan20kHz.Thedry-typetransformertechnologywassuccessfullyappliedtohigh-frequencyandhigh-voltagepowersupplies,andthehigh-voltagetransformeroiltankwaseliminated,whichfurtherreducedthevolumeofthetransformersystem.
InChina,theelectrostaticprecipitatorhigh-voltageDCpowersupplyhasbeendeveloped.ThemainspowerisrectifiedintoDC,andthefull-bridgezero-currentswitchingseriesresonantinvertercircuitisusedtoinverttheDCvoltageintohigh-frequencyvoltage.Frequencytransformerboosts,andfinallyrectifiestoDChighvoltage.Underresistiveloadconditions,theoutputDCvoltagereaches55kV,thecurrentreaches15mA,andtheoperatingfrequencyis25.6kHz.
PowerActiveFilter
WhenthetraditionalAC-DC(AC-DC)converterisputintooperation,itwillinjectalargeamountofharmonicsintothepowergrid.Wavecurrentscauseharmoniclossandinterference.Atthesametime,thereisalsoaphenomenonofdeteriorationofthepowerfactorofthedeviceonthegridside,whichistheso-called"powerpollution".80)%,thepowerfactorofthenetworksideisonly0.5~0.6.
Poweractivefilterisanewtypeofpowerelectronicdevicethatcandynamicallysuppressharmonics.ItcanovercometheshortcomingsoftraditionalLCfiltersandisapromisingharmonicsuppressionmethod.Thefilteriscomposedofabridgeswitchingpowerconverterandaspecificcontrolcircuit.Thedifferencewiththetraditionalswitchingpowersupplyis:(1)Notonlytheoutputvoltageisfedback,butalsotheinputaveragecurrent;(2)Thecurrentloopreferencesignalistheproductofthevoltagelooperrorsignalandthefull-waverectifiedvoltagesamplingsignal.
Distributedswitchingpowersupplysystem
Thedistributedpowersupplysystemuseslow-powermodulesandlarge-scalecontrolintegratedcircuitsasbasiccomponents,usingthelatesttheoriesandThetechnicalachievementsformabuildingblocktype,intelligenthigh-powerpowersupply,sothatthestrongcurrentandtheweakcurrentaretightlycombined,thepressureonthedevelopmentofhigh-powercomponentsandhigh-powerdevices(centralized)isreduced,andtheproductionefficiencyisimproved.
Intheearly1980s,theresearchondistributedhighfrequencyswitchingpowersupplysystemsbasicallyfocusedontheresearchonconverterparalleltechnology.Inthemiddleandlate1980s,withtherapiddevelopmentofhigh-frequencypowerconversiontechnology,variousconvertertopologiesappearedoneafteranother.Combininglarge-scaleintegratedcircuitandpowercomponenttechnology,theintegrationofsmallandmediumpowerdevicesbecamepossible,therebyrapidlyPromotethedevelopmentofdistributedhigh-frequencyswitchingpowersupplysystemresearch.Sincethelate1980s,thisdirectionhasbecomearesearchhotspotintheinternationalpowerelectronicscircle.Thenumberofpapershasbeenincreasingyearbyyear,andthefieldofapplicationhascontinuedtoexpand.
Distributedpowersupplyhastheadvantagesofenergysaving,reliability,highefficiency,economyandconvenientmaintenance.Ithasbeengraduallyadoptedbylarge-scalecomputers,communicationequipment,aerospace,industrialcontrolandothersystems.Itisalsothemostidealpowersupplymethodforlow-voltagepower(3.3V)ofultra-high-speedintegratedcircuits.Inhigh-powerapplications,suchaselectroplating,electrolysispowersupply,electriclocomotivetractionpowersupply,intermediatefrequencyinductionheatingpowersupply,motordrivepowersupplyandotherfieldsalsohavebroadapplicationprospects.
Applicationintheindustrialfield
Inthetraditionalindustrialfield,ACandDCmotorsarewidelyused.TheDCmotorhasastrongspeedregulationfunction,andmostofthecontrollablerectifierpowersupplyorDCpowersupplyusedforitspowersupplyisapowerelectronicdevice.Withthecontinuousadvancementofscienceandtechnology,powerelectronicfrequencyconversiontechnologyhasdevelopedrapidlyandmatured.IthasgreatlyimprovedthespeedregulationperformanceofACmotors,andgraduallyreplacedDCmotorstooccupythemainmarketposition.
Inindustrialproduction,ACmotorsarewidelyusedinrollingmillsandCNCmachinetoolswithdifferentloads,playinganimportantroleandgoodperformance.Inordertoavoidthecurrentimpactcausedduringequipmentstartup,someequipmentthatdoesnotneedtousepowerelectronicdeviceshasalsobeguntowidelyadoptthisdevice.Atthesametime,arectifierpowersupplyisalsoinstalledintheelectroplatingdevice,andthehigh-frequencyandmedium-frequencyinductionheatingpowersuppliesinthemetallurgicalindustryalsowidelyusepowerelectronictechnology.Theapplicationscopeandscaleofpowerelectronictechnologyareexpandingdaybyday.
Applicationinthefieldoftransportation
Theapplicationofelectronictechnologyinthefieldoftransportationismainlytheapplicationoftransportationsystem.ElectriclocomotivesarecurrentlychangingfromtraditionalDCmotordrivestoACmotors,mainlyusingGTOcontroldevices,andPWMcontrolforrectificationandinverter,sotheinputcurrentcanbesinewave.Atpresent,manycountriesaredevelopingmaglevtrainsdrivenbylinearsynchronousmotors.Oncethetechnologyismatureandsuccessfullyapplied,itwillbringaboutarevolutionintransportation,whichwillnotonlyshortenthetimebutalsomakeanimportantcontributiontoenergysavingandemissionreduction.
Motortechnologycanalsobeusedinautomobileengines.Inmodernautomobiles,mechanicalorelectromechanicalhybridfuelinjectionsystemshavebecomeobsolete,andelectronicallycontrolledfuelinjectiondevicesarewidelyusedbecauseoftheirexcellentperformance.Theelectronicfuelinjectiondevicecanautomaticallyensurethattheengineisalwaysinthebestworkingcondition,sothatitsoutputpowercansavefuelandpurifytheairtothemaximumundercertainconditions.Atthesametime,thebestworkingconditionsareobtainedthroughexperimentsandinputintothememory.Whentheenginestartstowork,accordingtotheairflowmeasuredbythesensor,theoxygencontentintheexhaustpipeandotherparameters,runaccordingtothepre-numberedcalculationprogram,andthencontrolTheengineisinthebestworkingcondition.
Atpresent,theautomotiveelectronicstechnologyhasdevelopedtothefourthgeneration,thatis,asmallsystemthatincludesintegratedtechnologiessuchaselectronictechnology(includingmicrocomputertechnology),optimizedcontroltechnology,sensortechnology,networktechnology,andelectromechanicalintegrationcouplingandcrosstechnology.,Andhasalreadyenteredthematurestageofcommercialproductionfromthescientificresearchstage(suchascentralizedcontrolofbraking,steeringandsuspension,andcentralizedcontrolofengineandtransmission).Atthesametime,intelligentintegratedsensorsandintelligentactuatorswillbeputintopracticaluse,anddigitalsignalprocessingmethodswillbeappliedtovoicerecognition,safecollisions,timelydiagnosisandnavigationsystems.
Applicationsinmedicine
Theapplicationsofelectronictechnologyinmedicinemainlyincludeelectronicmedicalrecords,biochips,portablemedicalelectronicdetectors,andremotediagnosisandtreatmentsystems.Theelectronicmedicalrecordisacombinationofelectronictechnologyandnetworktechnology.Itcanprovidemedicalinstitutionswithtimelymedicalinformation,asystematicresidenthealthrecord,andcanalsoprovideevidenceformedicalresponsibility;theuseofsensorbiochipscandetecthumanbodyDNA,Rapidprocessingofrelevantinformation,paternityidentification,etc.;electronictechnologyisappliedtoportablemedicalelectronicdetectors,whichcanbeconnectedtothemedicalinstitutionnetworkthroughamicrocontrollertorealizethedoctor’slaterdiagnosisandtreatmentofpatients,whichisconducivetothedevelopmentofmedicaleffects;atthesametime,useMedicine,networktechnology,microelectronicstechnology,etc.,canachievemedicalremotediagnosisandtreatment,andrealizethesharingofmedicalresources,whichisconducivetomedicaldiagnosisandtreatmentinremoteareas.
Thefieldofradioandtelevision
Thefieldofradioandtelevisionisatechnology-intensiveindustry.Itisproducedwiththeemergenceofmodernelectronictechnologyanddevelopswiththedevelopmentofmodernelectronictechnology.Inthepast10years,newtechnologiesrepresentedbydigitaltechnology,satellitetechnology,opticaltransmissiontechnologyandnetworktechnologyarebringingrevolutionarychangestothedevelopmentofradioandtelevision.Thedevelopmentoftechnologydeterminestheproductionquality,transmissionqualityandcoverageofradioandtelevisionprograms.Thesefactorsareallmeansforthedevelopmentofcompetitionintheradioandtelevisionindustry.Therefore,foreignbroadcastandtelevisiongroupshaveadoptedorareplanninglarge-scaleapplicationsofnewtechnologies.Ifmycountry'sradioandtelevisionindustrywantstoparticipateincompetition,itmustalsotakethepathofindustrializationandimplementlarge-scaletechnologicaltransformationinfullaccordancewiththewaytheindustryoperates.
Thefieldofnationaldefense
Thedevelopmentofnationaldefenseindustrydependstoalargeextentonthedevelopmentofdefenseelectronicscompanies,andthedevelopmentofdefenseelectronicscompaniesreliesontheadvancementofelectronictechnology.Thewaveofmergersandreorganizationsoftheglobalmilitaryindustryhascreatedanumberofultra-large-scaledefenseelectronicscompanies.Thesecompanieshavecateredtotheneedsofthenewmilitaryrevolutionwiththeiradvantagesinelectronicsandinformationtechnology,andhavealsochangedthelayoutoftheentiredefenseelectronicsindustry.Atpresent,airborne,spaceborne,shipborne,andland-basedsensors(includingradiofrequencyandphotoelectricsensors)arethemainmeansformanycountriestoobtainintelligenceadvantages.Communicationnetworktechnologyandweaponsystemintegratedtechnologyarethebasisandbasisforjointoperationsandmilitarytransformation.Necessaryconditions.Theinformationnetworkwillconnectandsupportvariousweaponplatforms.Itisthefoundationandcoreof"network-centricwarfare",andthepenetrationofelectronicinformationequipmentinvariousweaponsandequipmentbasicallyrealizestheinformatizationofweaponsandequipment,andthedevelopmentofwarfareintoasystemContestwiththesystem,theconfrontationbetweenthesystemandthesystem.Fordefenseelectronicscompanies,makingadjustmentsinaccordancewiththischangingmilitaryenvironmentandmarketdemandisamustfortheirsurvival.Networkingandinformationtechnologywillalsobekeytechnologiesforfuturemilitaryequipment.
Thefieldofnewspapersandperiodicals
Thedevelopmentofelectronictechnologyhasgivennewspapersanewform—theemergenceofelectronicnewspapers.Newspapersareoneofthemainsourcesofinformationintoday’shumansociety.ReadingnewspapershasbecomealotofThehabitthatpeopleneverchangeintheirlifetime,andtheemergenceofonlinenewspaperswillchangethishabitofreadingnewspapers.Electronicnewspapersandperiodicalsaretheproductofthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology.Theynotonlydisplaythelayoutofnewspapersandmagazinesonthecomputerscreen,butalsosupplementexistingnewspapersandperiodicals.Readerscanlookuprelevantbackgroundmaterialsandpreviouslypublishedarticlesinelectronicnewspapers;inaddition,theycanalsousecomputerstocontacttheauthor,editor,andeventherelevantpersonsinvolvedinthearticle.Electronicnewspapersandperiodicalscanprovidereaderswithalargeamountofinformation,whilethelayoutofgeneralnewspapersandperiodicalshasgreatlimitations,anditisimpossibletoachievethisgoal.Electronicnewspaperscanprovideallthecontentsofthenewspapersoftheday,aswellascomputergames,articlespublishedinthenewspapersandperiodicalsinthepast,variousadvertisements,readersandnewsfigures,anddialoguesbetweenreadersandreaders.Thedevelopmentprospectsofemergingelectronicnewspapersareveryattractive.
Developmenttrend
Intheapplicationofpowerelectronictechnologyandvariouspowersupplysystems,switchingpowersupplytechnologyisatthecore.Forlargeelectrolyticplatingpowersupplies,thetraditionalcircuitsareverybulkyandheavy.IftheGordonswitchingpowersupplytechnologyisadopted,itsvolumeandweightwillbegreatlyreduced,andthepowerutilizationefficiencycanbegreatlyimproved,savingmaterials,andreducingcosts.Inelectricvehiclesandvariablefrequencydrives,switchingpowersupplytechnologyisinseparable.Theswitchingpowersupplychangesthepowerfrequencytoachievenear-idealloadmatchinganddrivecontrol.High-frequencyswitchingpowersupplytechnologyisthecoretechnologyofvarioushigh-powerswitchingpowersupplies(inverterweldingmachine,communicationpowersupply,high-frequencyheatingpowersupply,laserpowersupply,poweroperationpowersupply,etc.).
Highfrequency
Theoreticalanalysisandpracticalexperienceshowthatthevolumetricweightoftransformers,inductorsandcapacitorsofelectricalproductsisinverselyproportionaltothesquarerootofthepowersupplyfrequency.Therefore,whenweincreasethefrequencyfrom50Hzto20kHz,400times,thevolumeandweightoftheelectricalequipmentwillberoughlyreducedto5-10%ofthepowerfrequencydesign.Whetheritisaninverterrectifierweldingmachineoraswitchingrectifierforcommunicationpowersupplies,theyareallbasedonthisprinciple.Similarly,variousDCpowersuppliessuchaselectroplating,electrolysis,electricalprocessing,charging,floatingcharging,andpowerclosinginthetraditional"rectifierindustry"canalsobetransformedaccordingtothisprincipletobecomea"switchingconversionpowersupply"whosemainmaterialscanbeItcansave90%ormore,andcansaveelectricityby30%ormore.Duetothegradualincreaseintheupperlimitoftheworkingfrequencyofpowerelectronicdevices,manytraditionalhigh-frequencyequipmentthatoriginallyusedelectronictubesaresolidified,whichbringssignificanteconomicbenefitsofenergysaving,watersaving,andmaterialsaving,andcanalsoreflectthevalueoftechnicalcontent.
Modularization
Modularizationhastwomeanings,oneisthemodularizationofpowerdevices,andtheotheristhemodularizationofpowersupplyunits.Ourcommondevicemodules,includingoneunit,twounits,sixunitstosevenelements,includingswitchingdevicesandfreewheelingdiodesinanti-parallelwiththem,areessentially"standard"powermodules(SPM).Inrecentyears,somecompanieshaveinstalledthedriveprotectioncircuitoftheswitchingdeviceintothepowermoduletoforman"intelligent"powermodule(IPM),whichnotonlyreducesthesizeofthewholemachine,butalsofacilitatesthedesignandmanufactureofthewholemachine.Infact,duetothecontinuousincreaseoffrequency,theinfluenceofleadparasiticinductanceandparasiticcapacitancehasbecomemoreserious,causinggreaterelectricalstress(intheformofovervoltageandovercurrentburrs)tothedevice.Inordertoimprovethereliabilityofthesystem,somemanufacturershavedevelopeda"user-specific"powermodule(ASPM),whichinstallsalmostallthehardwareofacompletemachineintoamoduleintheformofachip,sothatthereisnolongeragapbetweenthecomponents.Withtraditionalleadconnections,suchmoduleshaveundergonestrictandreasonablethermal,electrical,andmechanicaldesigntoachieveaperfectstateofoptimization.Itissimilartotheuser-specificintegratedcircuit(ASIC)inmicroelectronics.Aslongasthecontrolsoftwareiswrittenintothemicroprocessorchipinthemodule,andthentheentiremoduleisfixedonthecorrespondingradiator,anewtypeofswitchingpowersupplydeviceisformed.Itcanbeseenthatthepurposeofmodularizationisnotonlytofacilitateuseandreducethesizeofthewholemachine,butmoreimportantly,tocancelthetraditionalconnectionandminimizetheparasiticparameters,therebyminimizingtheelectricalstressonthedeviceandimprovingthereliabilityofthesystem..Inaddition,high-powerswitchingpowersupplies,duetodevicecapacitylimitationsandincreasedredundancytoimprovereliability,generallyusemultipleindependentmoduleunitstoworkinparallel,usingcurrentsharingtechnology,andallmodulessharetheloadcurrent.Ifonemodulefails,theothermodulessharetheloadcurrentequally.Inthisway,notonlythepowercapacityisincreased,butthelargecurrentoutputrequirementismetunderthelimiteddevicecapacity,andthesystemreliabilityisgreatlyimprovedbyaddingredundantpowermoduleswithlowpowercomparedtotheentiresystem.Intheeventofasinglemodulefailure,itwillnotaffectthenormaloperationofthesystemandprovidesufficienttimeforrepair.
Digitalization
Intraditionalpowerelectronicstechnology,thecontrolpartisdesignedandoperatedaccordingtoanalogsignals.Inthe1960sand1970s,powerelectronicstechnologywasentirelybasedonanalogcircuits.However,nowdigitalsignalsanddigitalcircuitsarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant,anddigitalsignalprocessingtechnologyisbecomingmoreandmoremature,showingmoreandmoreadvantages:convenientforcomputerprocessingandcontrol,avoidingdistortionanddistortionofanalogsignals,andreducingspurioussignals.Interference(improvementofanti-interferenceability),easyforsoftwarepackagedebuggingandremotesensing,remotemeasurementandremoteadjustment,andeasyfortheimplantationofself-diagnosis,faulttoleranceandothertechnologies.Therefore,inthe1980sand1990s,analogtechnologywasstillusefulforthedesignofvariouscircuitsandsystems,especially:layoutofprintedplates,electromagneticcompatibility(EMC)issues,andpowerfactorcorrection(PFC)Thesolutiontootherproblemsisinseparablefromtheknowledgeofanalogtechnology,butwhentheintelligentswitchingpowersupplyneedstobecontrolledbyacomputer,digitaltechnologyisinseparable.
Greening
Thegreeningofthepowersupplysystemhastwomeanings:First,itissignificantpowersaving,whichmeansthesavingofpowergenerationcapacity,andpowergenerationisanimportantcauseofenvironmentalpollution.Therefore,powersavingcanreduceenvironmentalpollution;secondly,thesepowersourcescannot(orless)causepollutiontothepowergrid.TheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)hasformulatedaseriesofstandardsforthis,suchasIEC555,IEC917,IEC1000andsoon.Infact,manypowerelectronicenergy-savingdevicestendtobecomeasourceofpollutiontothegrid:injectserioushigh-orderharmoniccurrentsintothegrid,whichreducesthetotalpowerfactor,couplesthegridvoltagewithmanyburrsandspikes,andevenhasmissinganglesanddistortions..Attheendofthe20thcentury,variousactivefiltersandactivecompensatorsolutionswereborn,andtherewereavarietyofwaystocorrectthepowerfactor.Theselaidthefoundationformassproductionofvariousgreenswitchingpowersuppliesinthe21stcentury.
Modernpowerelectronictechnologyisthebasisforthedevelopmentofswitchingpowersupplytechnology.Withthecontinuousemergenceofnewpowerelectronicdevicesandcircuittopologiessuitableforhigherswitchingfrequencies,modernpowersupplytechnologywilldeveloprapidlyundertheimpetusofactualneeds.Underthetraditionalapplicationtechnology,theperformanceoftheswitchingpowersupplyisaffectedduetothelimitationoftheperformanceofthepowerdevice.Inordertomaximizethecharacteristicsofvariouspowerdevicesandminimizetheimpactofdeviceperformanceontheperformanceoftheswitchingpowersupply,thenewpowercircuittopologyandnewcontroltechnologycanmakethepowerswitchworkinazerovoltageorzerocurrentstate,whichcanbeGreatlyimprovetheoperatingfrequency,improvetheefficiencyoftheswitchingpowersupply,anddesignaswitchingpowersupplywithexcellentperformance.
Inshort,powerelectronicsandswitchingpowersupplytechnologiescontinuetoadvanceduetoapplicationrequirements,andtheemergenceofnewtechnologieswillupdatemanyapplicationproductsandopenupmoreupdatedapplicationfields.Therealizationofhigh-frequency,modular,digital,andgreenswitchingpowersupplieswillmarkthematurityofthesetechnologiesandrealizethecombinationofhigh-efficiencyandhigh-qualityelectricity.Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofthecommunicationindustry,theswitchingpowersupplyforcommunicationwithswitchingpowersupplytechnologyasthecorehasonlyadomesticmarketdemandofmorethan2billionyuan,whichhasattractedalargenumberofscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelathomeandabroadtoconductdevelopmentandresearch.Itisageneraltrendforswitchingpowersuppliestoreplacelinearpowersuppliesandphase-controlledpowersupplies.Therefore,thedomesticmarketforpower-operatedpowersupplysystemsthatalsohasademandforbillionsofoutputvalueisstartingandwillsoondevelop.Therearemanyotherspecialpowersuppliesandindustrialpowersupplieswithswitchingpowersupplytechnologyasthecorearewaitingforpeopletodevelop.
Developmentprospects
Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologymakesthewideapplicationandrapiddevelopmentofelectronictechnologypossible.Inthedaystocome,electronictechnologyhasitsbroadprospectsfordevelopment.
Intelligenceandhumanization
Theintelligenceofelectronictechnologyisthatelectronictechnologyhashuman-likeintelligence,whichcanmakeeffectivejudgmentsandmakedecisionsbasedoncertainprocedures.Withtherapiddevelopmentandpromotionofartificialintelligencetechnologiessuchasfuzzycontrolandnanotechnology,theintelligenceofelectronictechnologyproductswillbecomethemainfeature;thedevelopmentofintelligencemakeselectronictechnologymorehumane.Humanizationisacharacteristicofelectronictechnology,andpeopleareusersofelectronictechnologyproducts,sotheneedforelectronictechnologytomeettheneedsofhumanization.Therefore,electronictechnologyproductsmustnotonlyhaveoptimalperformance,butalsostrengthenpeople'sresearchoncolor,shape,comfort,etc.,tomeetpeople'shumanizedneedsforelectronictechnologyproducts.
Integration
Electronicsystemintegrationsystemshouldincludetwoparts:electronicsubsystemandpowerapplicationsystem.Amongthem,theintegrationofpowerelectronicsystemsliesintheestablishmentofaseriesofstandardchipsormodules,andintelligentapplicationsystemsthatmeettheneedsofusersthroughintegration.Throughtheintegrationofelectronictechnology,thestructureofelectronictechnologyproductsisoptimizedandtheperformanceismaximized.
Networking
Asthenetworkhasbecomeaverypopulartoolinpeople’sdailylife,remotecontrolandmonitoringtechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,sothatelectronictechnologyhasalsoadaptedtothedevelopmentofnetworkTrend,thenetworkcharacteristicsaremoreobvious.
Tosumup,therapiddevelopmentofnewtechnologieshasledtothecontinuousdevelopmentofelectronictechnology,whichhasalsoledtomoreapplicationsofelectronictechnologyinpeople’slives,meetingpeople’sneeds,andpromotingsocialconstructionandeconomicdevelopment.Itcanbeconcludedthatelectronictechnologywillbecomeanimportantlinkandbridgebetweentheinformationindustryandtraditionalindustries,andwillalsoprovideimportanttechnicalsupportforsubstantialsavings,reductionofmaterialloss,improvementofproductionefficiency,andaccelerationofeconomicdevelopment.