Concept
Socio-economicstatisticsisadisciplinethatstudiesthelawsandmethodsofsocio-economicstatisticalactivities.Socio-economicstatisticsisaninvestigationandresearchactivityonsocio-economicphenomena.Itiscloselyrelatedtothequalitativeaspectsofthings,investigatesandstudiesthequantitativeaspectsofsocio-economicphenomena,andexpressesthemasaccuratelyaspossibleindigitallanguage.Socioeconomicstatisticsisasocialsciencethatstudieshowtoconductsuchinvestigationsandresearchactivities.
Theformationofstatisticsandtheschoolofstatistics
Intheendofprimitivesocietyandtheformationofslavesociety,thebuddingofstatisticshasappeared.Afterthecountrywasborn,therulingclassneededtounderstandthenumberofpopulation,land,food,andlivestockinordertorecruit,labor,andtax.Theearlieststatisticsbeganwiththemeasurementofpopulationandland.Infeudalsociety,statisticshavetakenshape,butgenerallyspeaking,theirdevelopmenthasbeenslow.Intheperiodofrisingcapitalism,withthedevelopmentofeconomyandcultureandthegradualsocializationofproduction,statisticsgraduallyexpandedtoindustry,agriculture,andcommerce.Whenthiskindofstatisticalactivitydevelopedtoacertainstage,peoplebegantosummarizetheexperienceofstatisticalpractice,graduallyformedarelativelysystematicknowledgeofstatisticaltheory,andproducedstatistics.Theearlieststatisticalworkgenerallyrecognizedis"PoliticalArithmetic"byW.Pei,Englandin1676.Thereisalsothe"OnNationalConditions"byGermanH.KangLing(1606-1681)thatappearedalmostatthesametime.Sincethen,the"PoliticalArithmeticSchool"andthe"NationalPowerSchool"coexistingforalongtimehavebeenformedinthehistoryofstatistics.Thecommonpointofthetwouniversityschoolsisthattheybothusesocialeconomyastheresearchobject;thedifferenceiswhethertoregardquantitativeresearchasthebasicfeatureofthisdiscipline.Aftertwohundredyearsofcontroversy,itwasnotuntilthemiddleofthe19thcenturythatstatistics,asascienceofquantitativeanalysisofsocio-economicphenomena,wasrecognizedbythesociety.Beforethedisputebetweenthepoliticalarithmeticschoolandthenationalpowerschoolwascompletelyresolved,theBelgianLAKeitel(1796～1874)inhis"SocialPhysics:OrontheDevelopmentofHumanTalent"(1869)andotherworks,Probabilitytheoryintroducedstatistics,openedupanewfieldofstatistics,andgraduallyformedanindependentsubject,namelymathematicalstatistics.Therearemanystatisticalschoolsintheworld.Theschoolofmathematicalstatisticsbelievesthatstatisticsismathematicalstatistics,abranchofmodernappliedmathematics,andamethodsystemcommonlyusedtostudythequantitativecharacteristicsofrandomnaturalphenomenaandsocialphenomena.Mathematicalstatisticshasmadegreatprogressintheory,methodandapplicationinrecentdecades.Thesocialstatisticsschoolbelievesthattheresearchobjectofstatisticsissocialphenomena,andthepurposeistostudytheinternalconnectionsandinterrelationshipsofsocialphenomena.K.MarxandF.Engelsarethefoundersofsocialistsocioeconomicstatisticaltheory.InleadingtherevolutionarymovementoftheFirstInternational,theyproposedthattheproletariatmustestablishitsownstatisticsasabasisforunderstandingthestatusoftheworkingclassinvariouscountries,exposingthenatureofthecapitalistsystem,andformulatingstrategiesandstrategiesfortheinternationallabormovement.Leninoncepointedoutthatsocio-economicstatisticsisoneofthepowerfulweaponsforunderstandingsocietyandoneoftheimportanttoolsforstatesupervision.Helaidthefoundationforthetheoreticalconstruction,systemconstruction,andorganizationconstructionofstatisticsintheworld'sfirstsocialistcountry.MaoZedongemphasizedseekingtruthfromfacts,investigationandresearch,andregarded"payingattentiontobasicstatistics"asoneoftheworkingmethodsofthepartycommittee.
Featuresanddivisions
Themainfeaturesofsocioeconomicstatisticsare:①Quantity.Includingthenumberofsocio-economicphenomena,thequantitativerelationshipbetweenphenomena,andthequantitativelimitofthemutualchangeofquality.Socio-economicstatisticsreflectthestatusquoofthesequantitativeaspectsandtheirdevelopmentandchangeprocessinaqualitativeconnection.②Totality.Thatis,theoverallquantitativeunderstandingofsocialandeconomicphenomena.③Specificity.Referstothequantitativeaspectofspecificthings.Itstudiesthequantitativeperformanceofspecificthingsatacertaintime,place,andcondition.Therefore,itisalwayscloselyrelatedtothenatureofthephenomenon.④Sociality.Socio-economicphenomenaaretheconditions,processesandresultsofhumansocialactivities.Theyareallconscioussocialactivitiesofhumanbeings,andtheyareallrelatedtopeople'sinterests.Thesubjectofsocioeconomicstatisticsisalsosocial.
Theresultsofsocialandeconomicstatisticalactivitiesinclude:①Statistics;②Statisticalmethods.Duringthedevelopmentofsocioeconomicstatistics,heonceincludedtheresultsofthesetwoaspectsinhisresearchscope.Theactualdevelopmentsituationshowsthattheresearchfieldofsocio-economicstatisticsisgraduallydevelopingtowardsthelatter.Ithasbecomeamethodologicaldisciplineforunderstandingthequantitativeaspectsofsocio-economicphenomena.Socio-economicstatisticsisamultidisciplinarysubject.Itsbasicsub-disciplinesare:PrinciplesofSocialEconomicStatistics,EconomicStatistics,SocialStatistics,DepartmentalStatisticsandStatisticalHistory.Indepartmentalstatistics,itisdividedintodemographicstatistics,agriculturalstatistics,industrialstatistics,educationalstatistics,culturalstatistics,andhealthstatistics.
Relationswithotherdisciplines
Inadditiontotheclosetiesbetweenstatisticsineachdepartmentandthecorrespondingdepartmentdisciplines,socioeconomicstatisticsasawholeiscloselyrelatedtophilosophy,politicaleconomy,andmathematics.Therelationshipistheclosest.Theprinciplethatmatteristhefirstinphilosophy,thelawoftheunityofoppositesofthings,theuniversalconnectionofthingsandtheviewofcontinuousdevelopment,etc.,arethebasisformanymethodsdiscussedinsocioeconomicstatistics.Socio-economicstatisticsalsotakestheeconomicrelationsandeconomiclawsrevealedbythesocio-economictheoreticalsciencesasitstheoreticalguidance.Forexample,specificstatisticalindicatorssuchastotaloutputvalue,netoutputvalue,wages,profits,andlaborproductivityallreflectcertaineconomiccategories.Whendeterminingtheirconceptsandscopeofcalculation,theyarealsobasedontherelevantprinciplesexpoundedbypoliticaleconomy.Socio-economicstatisticsalsousesmathematicalmethods,includingmathematicalstatistics,tocarryoutrigorousquantitativedescriptionandquantitativeanalysis.Insocialeconomicphenomena,manyquantitativerelationshipscanbestudiedusingcertainmathematicalmodels.Therefore,socioeconomicstatisticscontinuestoabsorbandusethelatestresultsofmodernmathematicalmethods.