Explanation
1.Strongandpowerfulbrushwork.2.Forexample,pens,ballpointpens,pencilsandotherwritingtoolswithhardmaterialsatthetip.
Summary
HistoricalpenhistoryandvalueTheintroductionanduseofWesternpensinthe19thcenturymadeChinesebrushpensthathavebeeninuseformorethan2,000yearsgraduallyrelegatedtothe"secondline",triggeringthehistoryofChinesecalligraphyTherevolutioninChinaproducedmodernhardpencalligraphy.Butforalongtime,ChinesepeopledidnotknowthathardpensareancientChineseobjects,andtheshapeandfunctionofsomehardpensareonlyonestepawayfrommodernfountainpens.ThelatestresearchresultsofChineseexpertsshowthatthereisarelationshipbetweenancientChinesehardpensandmodernfountainpens,althoughtherelationshipbetweenthetwoisstilldifficulttosortoutcompletely,andfurtherdemonstrationisneeded.However,expertsbelievethatfromthecommonalityoftheshapeandprincipleofthepentongue,itcanbeseenthattheancientChinesehardpeniscloselyrelatedtothemodernwesternpen,anditmaybeits"distantancestor."
History
Intheexpeditionsandarchaeologicalexcavationsinthelastcentury,WesternexplorersandChinesearchaeologistshavediscoveredmorethan10bamboopipes,reedpipes,andreedpipesinwesternChina.Hardpenmadeofbamboobatches,redwillowandothermaterials.In1906,theBritishSteindiscoveredareed-pipepenfromtheMilansiteinRuoqiangCounty,Xinjiang.In1972,Chinesearchaeologistsdiscoveredadouble-petalandpointedbamboopenattheZhangyibaositeinWuwei,Gansu.Intermsofshape,thesetwopensareverysimilar.Botharefinelypolishedwithwoodenmaterialsandhavesharpnibsandhorse-ear-shapedpentongues.Surprisingly,thereisagapinthemiddleofthetongueofthesetwopens,whichisdouble-petaledandpointed,whichissimilartothetongueoftoday'sfountainpens.In1991,attheHanDynastyGaowangsuisiteonthesoutheastbankofHarunaoerLakeinthenorthwestofDunhuangCity,aminerdiscoveredaHanDynastygoblet,twobronzearrowheads,andabambooartifact.ThisistheearliestbamboodiscoveredinChinasofar.Theconepenhasbeenaroundfornearlytwothousandyears.
LiZhengyusaidthattherearerecordsinChinesehistorybooksthat"mostancientpensaremadeofbamboo".TheHanDynastybambooconepenfoundattheGaowangsuisiteinDunhuangbelongstothiscategory.Thepenisflatinshape,oneendisflush,andtheotherissharpened.Judgingfromthelacquermarksremainingonthenib,ithasobviouslybeenusedforwriting,whichjustconfirmsthehistoricalfactthatancientChinese"bambooslabsaredippedinlacquer".
Calligraphy
Concept
Hardpencalligraphyisabrilliantandwonderfulflowerinthegardenofcalligraphyart.Itisakindofcalligraphy.Itswritingtoolsincludepen,ballpointpen,dippen,Pencil、Plasticpen、Bamboopen,Woodenpen,stylus,etc.,useinkasthemaincarriertoexpressthewritingskillsofChinesecharacters.Ithasthecharacteristicsofeasycarrying,quickwritingandwideuse.Thedifferencebetweenitandthebrushisthatthethickstipplingofthesoftbrushisturnedintoaslenderstippling,thefleshandtendonsareremovedandthebonesarepreserved.
Origin
Regardingtheoriginofhardpencalligraphy,manypeoplethinkthatitcanbetracedbacktotheancienttimeswhenpeopleusedstonesandknivestodepicttortoiseshellsandanimalbones,andthisprovesthathardpencalligraphyoriginatedfromwritingbrushes.Artformbeforecalligraphy.However,knivesandstonepiecesarefarfromthehardpenwritingtoolsweusenow.Thereisstillacertaindifferencebetweendepictionandwriting.Thisiswhycalligraphyandsealcuttingarealwaystwokindsofartalthoughtheyareinextricablylinked.Incontrast,wearemorewillingtotracethehistoryofsealcuttingbacktotheoracleboneera.
Features
Tolearnhardpencalligraphy,youmustnotonlypursueahighlevelofartisticlevel,butalsopayattentiontoitspracticalvalue.Toreflectitspracticalvalue,itmustbecorrect,standardized,andevenlywritten.
ChinesecharacterswrittenwithhardpensarestillChinesecharacterfontscreatedwithsoftpens,whichcannotbeviolated,otherwisetheywillnotberecognizedbyothers.Therefore,ChinesecharacterswrittenwithhardpenscanstillmoreorlessshowthetraditionalstyleofChinesecharacters.Softpenandhardpenhavetheirowncharacteristics.WhatarethecharacteristicsofChinesecharacterswrittenwithhardpen?Whenweusethe"fuzzy"wayofthinkingandregardthestrokeswrittenwithsoftpensas"faces",wecanalsoregardthestrokeswrittenwithhardpensas"lines".Weregardthewritingstrokesofhardpensas"lines"becauseitbasicallycannolongerexpresstheexpressivepowerofsoftpenstrokesinthecontrastoflinethicknesschanges(exceptforspecial-shapedhardpens).Hardpenstrokesareonlylines,andthetraditional"zhuan"techniquelosesitspracticalsignificance.Inthisway,theChinesecharacterswrittenwithhardpenarejustacombinationoflines,whichisabitofthe"steelseal"createdintheQingDynasty.
Masters
DengSanTianYuanXieFeimoXiePiquanShenHonggenLuZhongnanWangZhengliangCuiXueluPangZhonghuaTianYingzhangRenPingDingYongkangWangHuisongWuYushengHeChangguiSunGuangsong
QiuYinliYipingWuFangxiaQiXingZouMuBaiLiDelianPanXianZhangXiuWangDerongGuZhonganLuSheWuZhengMingyaoHeDongxiangQiYuxinPanFengCaiJianhaoTangGuoshengJinZeshanYuZhongyuanChenLixiongChenWenxuanWuYiqiaoZhuYongfangHuangWenquanXieJidongGaoYongchunNiJundongQuQingweiWangYongjingZhouYongjingXiaopengLiuChuanpei
Works
SixMethodsforPromotingPosting(LiuZhengyong)
FourMethodsforPromotingMentalAttitudeAdjustment(YangWenliu)
OnthePenPro"ShusuTie"(WuBangzhi)
Methodsofcopyingcopybooks(ShenHonggen)
HowtowriteOucharacterslively(KongYan)
Aguidetowritinghardpencalligraphy(XiangSen)
Proceduralguideforwriting"ConfuciusTempleStele"
Proceduralguidefor"TrueCaoganZiwen"realbook
FiveEssentialsofProposal(LuJincheng)
Talkaboutthepost(LiuAncheng)
Abouttherealmofpost(XiaoXin)
Threetypesofpostreading:appreciation,analysisandmemory(WangGuojin)
Step1:Pursue"likeness"(ChenGuoxiang)
Learning
Sitthecorrectposture
Situprightwithyourlegsflat,headandupperbodyslightlyfacingLeanforward,punchhischestoffthetable,andputhisarmsflatonthetable.Holdapenwithyourrighthandtowrite,andpressthepaperwithyourlefthand,keepingthepaperstraight.Tobeequippedwithtablesandchairsofappropriateheight.Whenwriting,firstpayattentiontothepostureandcorrectthewrongposture.Aslongasyoupersevere,youwillbeabletomasterthecorrectwritingmethodandwritingposture.
Holdthepencorrectly
Thecorrectwaytoholdthepenis:thethumb,indexfinger,andmiddlefingerrespectivelyusethefirstsectiontopinchthelowerendofthepeninthreedirections,thatis,thethumbandindexfingerarefromthepenshaft.Clampthepenholderleftandrightinthefront,extendtheindexfingerslightlyforward,andpresstheupperandbacksidesofthenailsagainstthebackandlowersidesofthepenholder.Itisaboutaninchawayfromthetipofthepen,andthetipofthepenislowerthanyourthumbandindexfinger.Theringfingerandthelittlefingernaturallybendtowardthepalmofthehandinturn,closetothebottomofthemiddlefinger,andcoordinatethemovementofthemiddlefingerwiththepen,andcannottouchthesurfaceofthepaper.Theupperendofthepenholderisleaningagainstthehighestboneofthethirdsectionoftheindexfinger,leaningtotherightback,atanangleofabout50degreeswiththepaper.To"pointtotherealandemptypalm"whenholdingapen,itmeanstoholdthepenfirmly,thepalmshouldbeempty,emptyasanegg.Inthisway,thepencanbeflexiblymovedwhenwriting,andthewritingeffectcanbeimproved.
Howtopractice
Aftertheproblemofcopybookandscriptissolved,theproblemfacingiscopyingandcopying.
Fragmentmeanstracing,thatis,youcantraceontheprintedredstamp,oryoucanuseathinpaperwithgoodtransparencytocoverthepost.Somepeopleusesmoothfilmorplasticfilminsteadofpapertocopy.Inthisway,itwillnotcauseinkstainstopassthroughthepaperandpollutethecopybook,anditcanbewashedandreused.Theprocessoftracingismainlytoallowbeginnerstofamiliarizethemselveswiththestructureofcharactersandchangesinstrokesthroughmoreaccuratedescriptions,soastofurthertransitiontotemporarywriting.Agoodwaytocopyandwritequickly.
Pro,itcanbesaidthateverypersonwholearnstowritemustgothrough.Therearesomewell-knownoldcalligraphers,althoughtheyhavegreataccomplishments,theystillworkhardeveryday.Thereisnoonewhoisborntowritewellwithoutmakingapost.Temporarypracticeistheonlywaytopracticecalligraphyandtoengageincalligraphycreation,andnoonecanfindanotherway.
Copybookselection
Copybookisasilentteacherforlearners.Beginnersshouldpayspecialattentiontothechoiceofcopybook,becausethequalityofthecopybookwillhaveagreatinfluenceonthebeginner'spracticeandfuturedevelopment.Wethinkitisbettertopracticepencalligraphy,especiallyforbeginners,usingbrushcalligraphytolearnpencalligraphyishalftheeffort.
Therearetwomainprinciplesforchoosingpencopybooks:(1)Chooseatemplateyoulike.Onlyifyoulikeit,willyouhavetheenthusiasmtopracticeit,whichwillbringsmoothprogresstobeginners;(2)Chooseanexcellentmodelrecognizedbyexperts.Atpresent,thereareindeedsomelow-qualitycopybookspopularinthesociety,whichisaninevitablephenomenoninthecommoditysociety.Ifabeginnerchoosesrandomly,hewillgoastrayandnotonlywastetimeandenergy,butmayalsobecontaminatedwithsomebadhabits.Therefore,youmustbecarefulwhenchoosingcopybooks,andyoucanaskexpertsforadvice.
Writingwithlove
Thenobleandbeautifulfeelingsthatarespontaneousintheheartareexpressedinfonts,andthewrittencharactersaremoreaestheticallyappealing.Thatistosay,whenwewrite,wemustlovecalligraphy,haveastronginterestincalligraphy,andbefocusedandpracticeforalongtimeinordertowritebeautifulcharacters.
Keypoints
(1)Posture
(1)Situprightandshouldersflat,Thebackshouldbestraight,thebodyandheadshouldnotbecrooked,letalonelow;theeyesshouldbeaboutonefootawayfromthetabletop,andthefrontchestshouldbeaboutthreeinchesawayfromtheedgeofthetable.
(2)Thepenshouldbestraight,thetipofthepenshouldbestraightforward,avoidinclination,(aslongasthepalmisflat,thetipofthepenwillnaturallymoveforward);Aboutaninch.Ifyouholdthepenincorrectlyorthetipofthepenistiltedinwards,youwillnotbeabletowritewell,youwillnotbeabletowritewell,youwillnotbeabletowritehorizontally,youwillnotbeabletowriteeasily,andyouwillevenhavetomoveyourrighthandeverytimeyouwriteastroke.Atthesametime,thewrittenlineshavenobackboneandnorhythm,andtheshapeofthefontisnoteasytobestretchedandgenerous.
(3)Fortheinclinationofthepenholder,holdthepenupforwritinglargecharacters,andtheangleofthepenholdershouldbeslightlylarger,whilewritingsmallcharactersdown,theinclinationofthepenholdershouldbeslightlysmaller.Thegeneralinclinationshouldbeinclinedattheindexfingerjoint,beyondthispart,thestrokeswrittenareeitherrigidorrigid.Thepenshaftisnotinclinedproperly,thespeedofthepenmustbelimited,anditisimpossibletowriteelegantandcharmingglyphs,sothe"tigermouth"shouldnotbetilted.
(4)Holdthepeneasilyandmovethepenfreely;ifyouholdthepentootightly,youcan’twritethewordsbroadlyandgenerously.Accordingtothelecturesinthemiddleschool,inaclassof50people,forty-fivepeopleholdthepenincorrectlyorthetipofthepenistiltedinward.Thisisalsothecaseincollege.Forthisreason,thecharacterswrittenbythesestudentsarenothooked.Itislikeahook,butnotlikeana,thestrokesareallflatandpiled.Asmentionedearlier,goodorbadwritingisabsolutelyrelatedtopostureandwriting.Justlikewoodworkingsawingwood,ifthepostureandthesawarenotright,evenifthe"line"isdrawnstraight,youwillhavetosawitcrookedly.Thisisthesameaswritinggoodwords.
1.Sittingposture:
(1)Headupright:theheadmustnotbeskewedleftandright.
(2)Straightenbody:Situpright.
(3)Chestcomfort:Keepapunchbetweenthechestandtheedgeofthetable.
(4)Flatarms:Placeyourarmsflatonthedesktopnaturally.
(5)Footsafety:Placeyourfeetflatonthegroundnaturally,withthesamewidthasyourshoulders.
2.Thepostureofholdingthepen:
Holdthepenwithyourrighthand,holdthelowerendofthepenholderfromthreedirectionswithyourthumb,indexfinger,andmiddlefinger,approximatelyawayfromthetipofthepen.Aboutaninch,theupperpartofthepenholderleansagainstthebaseoftheindexfinger.Theanglebetweenthepenholderandthepaperisabout45°.
(2)Essentialsofpenuse:
1.Stepsofpenmovement:Hardpencalligraphyalsopaysattentiontothethreestepsofstarting,runningandclosingthepen.
2.Thestrengthandspeedofpenstroke:Hardpencalligraphyshouldalsopayattentiontothebalanceofstrengthandspeedduringpenstroke.Generally,whenpressingthepen,theforceisheavy,andthestrokeisrelativelyslow;whilewhenthepenislifted,theforceislight,andthestrokeisrelativelyfast,andthewristishard.
3.Thestrokesmustbedoneinonego:Thestarting,moving,andclosingofthehardpencalligraphystrokesareverycontinuousmovementscompletedinaninstant,anditdoesnotallowtheslightesthesitationinthestrokes.
4.Thestrokesshouldbesmoothlyundulatingandexcessivelynatural:Thestrokesshouldpayattentiontochanges.Thechangeofhardpencalligraphyshouldberelativelystable,anditsexcessshouldalsobenatural.Suddenchangesandsuddenupsanddownscancauseproblems.
Postureandpsychology
Theprojectionofthepenholderis45degreesorhigherthantherightangleatthebottomrightofthepaper.Thisisthecorrectwritingposture.Thehorizontaldrawingmovesthewrist,andthewristmovesupwardswhenthehorizontaldrawingmoves.Whenthehorizontalpaintingisupward,theupwardpsychologicalcharacteristicsareshown(Figure1).Theprojectionofthepenbarrelissmallerthan45degreesattherightbottomrightofthepaper.Thisisoneofthewrongpenholdingpostures.Whenusingthepentowritehorizontally,youcannotmoveyourwrist,butonlypullthefingerholdingthepen,andthestrokeswrittenbyonefingerareeitherflatortotheright.Decline.Themoretheprojectionofthepenislessthan45degrees,themoreobliquethestrokeswillbe.Thisisaseriousphenomenoncommontobeginners(especiallypreschoolchildren)(seeFigure2).
(1)Horizontaldrawingandupwardelevationarethepersonalitycharacteristicsofupwardandaggressivepersonality.
(2)Horizontalpaintingisastableandconservativepersonalitycharacteristic.
(3)Thehorizontaldrawingisslanteddownwardtotheright,whichisnegativeforadults,andisapersonalitytraitthatiseasytodiscourageforminors.
InancientChina,therearemanysayingsthatreflectthepsychologyofthewriterthroughhandwriting,suchasLiuGongquan's"Bookasheartpainting",SunGuoting's"Heart-handcorrespondence",andLiuXizai's"Wordsareliketheperson".EuropeanpsychologistssuchasVygotsky,Leonjeev,GaryPelin,Paplov,etc.havealsoconductedfurtherscientificdemonstrationsonthe"internalizationtheory"and"conditionedreflex"andotherrelatedprinciples.
Appreciationofworks
MemberofChinaHardPenCalligraphyAssociation,TianjinSeniorCalligraphyAssociation,andtheelderlyXiePiquandevotedhimselftothestudyofhardpencalligraphy.Inrecentyears,hehascombinedthesoftnessofsoftpencalligraphywiththerigidityofhardpencalligraphy.Perfectcombination,createdalargenumberofuniquehardpencalligraphyworks.Hisworkswereincludedinthecompilationof"CollectionsoftheFirstShenzhouCupChinesePaintingandCalligraphyCompetition","AppreciationofChinesePaintingsandCalligraphy","60YearsofLiteratureandArtoftheRepublic"andotherbooksandwonthegoldmedal.