Productioncharacteristics
Itcombinesthecharacteristicsofdiscreteproductionandprocessproduction,facestheglobalmarket,includesalltheleadingandsupportingcapabilitiesinthesupplychain,andcoordinatesthevariousmanagementdepartmentsofthecompanyaroundMarket-oriented,conductbusinessactivitiesmoreflexiblyor"flexibly"andrespondtomarketdemandsinrealtime.Tothisend,redefinethebusinessrelationshipbetweensuppliers,distributorsandmanufacturers,rebuildthebusinessandinformationprocessesandorganizationalstructureoftheenterprise,sothattheenterprisehasgreaterinitiativeinmarketcompetition.
ERPisanenterpriseinformationmanagementsystemmainlyfortheintegratedmanagementofmaterialresources,financialresourcesandinformationresourcesforthemanufacturingindustry.ERPisanenterprisemanagementsoftwarewithmanagementaccountingasitscorethatcanprovidecross-regional,cross-departmental,andevencross-companyintegrationofreal-timeinformation.Integratedenterprisemanagementsoftwareformaterialresourcemanagement(logistics),humanresourcemanagement(peopleflow),financialresourcemanagement(financialflow),andinformationresourcemanagement(informationflow).
TheproposalofERPisinseparablefromthehighdevelopmentofcomputertechnology.Usershavegreaterinitiativeinthesystem,andthefunctionsinvolvedincomputer-assistedmanagementhavefarexceededthescopeofMRPII.ThefunctionsofERPincludeinadditiontoMRPII(manufacturing,supplyandmarketing,finance),butalsomulti-factorymanagement,qualitymanagement,laboratorymanagement,equipmentmaintenancemanagement,warehousemanagement,transportationmanagement,processcontrolinterface,dataacquisitioninterface,electroniccommunication,E-mail,regulationsandstandards,projectmanagement,financialinvestmentmanagement,marketinformationmanagement,etc.Itwillredefinevariousbusinessesandtheirinterrelationships,adoptamoreflexibleapproachinmanagementandorganization,andrespondtochangesinthesupplychain(includingchangescausedbyregulations,standards,andtechnologicaldevelopments)inasynchronized,agile,andreal-timemanner.Respond;onthebasisofgraspingaccurate,timelyandcompleteinformation,makecorrectdecisionsandactivelytakemeasures.ComparedwithMRPII,ERPnotonlyexpandsmanagementfunctions,butalsoadoptsthelatestachievementsofcomputertechnology,suchasexpandinguser-definedscope,object-orientedtechnology,client/serverarchitecture,multipledatabaseplatforms,SQLstructuredqueryLanguage,graphicaluserinterface,4GL/CASE,windowtechnology,artificialintelligence,simulationtechnology,etc.
Developmentstage
Theapplicationofinformationtechnologyinbusinessmanagementcanbedividedintothefollowingdevelopmentstages:
A.MISsystemstage(ManagementInformationSystem)
Theenterprise'sinformationmanagementsystemismainlytorecordalargeamountoforiginaldata,supportinquiries,summary,andotheraspects.
B,MRPstage(MaterialRequirePlanning)
Theenterprise'sinformationmanagementsystemmanagestheproductcomposition,andusesthecomputingpowerofthecomputerandthesystemtodealwithcustomerorders,inventorymaterials,andproducts.Themanagementcapabilityofthestructurecanberealizedbasedoncustomerordersandtheproductstructurelisttoexpandandcalculatethematerialrequirementplan.Realizethemanagementgoalofreducinginventoryandoptimizinginventory.
C,MRPIIstage(ManufactureResourcePlanning)
OnthebasisoftheMRPmanagementsystem,thesystemhasincreasedthemanagementofthecompany’sproductioncenter,processinghours,productioncapacity,etc.,Inordertorealizethefunctionsofcomputerforproductionandscheduling,andatthesametimeincludefinancialfunctions,aclosed-loopmanagementsystemwithcomputersasthecoreisformedintheenterprise.Thismanagementsystemhasbeenabletodynamicallymonitorallproduction,supply,andsales.process.
D,ERPstage(EnterpriseResourcePlanning)
AfterenteringtheERPstage,thecomputer-centricenterprise-levelmanagementsystemismoremature,andthesystemincludesfinancialforecasting,productionCapability,adjustmentofresourceschedulingandotherfunctions.CooperatewithenterprisestorealizethefunctionsofcomprehensiveJITmanagement,qualitymanagement,productionresourceschedulingmanagementanddecision-makingassistance.Becomeaplatformtoolforenterprisestocarryoutproductionmanagementanddecision-making.
E.ERPinthee-commerceera
ThematurityofInternettechnologyincreasestheabilityofenterpriseinformationmanagementsystemstorealizeinformationsharinganddirectdataexchangewithcustomersorsuppliers,therebystrengtheningThelinksbetweenenterprisesformasurvivalchainofcommondevelopment,whichembodiesthesupplychainmanagementideasofenterprisestoachievesurvivalandcompetition.TheERPsystemimplementsthisfunctionaccordingly,enablingdecisionmakersandbusinessdepartmentstoachievecross-enterprisejointoperations.
Functionalmodules
TheERPsystemincludesthefollowingmainfunctions:supplychainmanagement(SCM),salesandmarketing,distribution,customerservice,financialmanagement,manufacturingmanagement,inventorymanagement,factoryandEquipmentmaintenance,humanresources,reporting,manufacturingexecutionsystem(ManufacturingExecutiveSystem,MES),workflowserviceandenterpriseinformationsystemWait.Inaddition,italsoincludessupplementaryfunctionssuchasfinancialinvestmentmanagement,qualitymanagement,transportationmanagement,projectmanagement,regulationsandstandards,andprocesscontrol.
ERPisamanagementinformationsystemthatintegratesalltheresourcesofanenterprise.Simplyput,itisamanagementinformationsystemthatintegratesthethreemajorstreamsoftheenterprise:logistics,capitalflow,andinformationflow.ItsfunctionalmodulesaredifferentfromthepreviousMRPorMRPIImodules.Itcannotonlybeusedforthemanagementofproductionenterprises,butalsoinmanyothertypesofenterprises,suchassomenon-productionandpublicwelfareenterprises,itcanalsoimporttheERPsystemforresourceplanningandmanagement..
Inenterprises,generalmanagementmainlyincludesthreeaspects:productioncontrol(planning,manufacturing),logisticsmanagement(distribution,purchasing,inventorymanagement)andfinancialmanagement(accounting,financialmanagement).Thesethreesystemsthemselvesareintegratedbodies,andtheyhavecorrespondinginterfaceswitheachother,whichcanbewellintegratedtomanagetheenterprise.Inaddition,itisworthmentioningthat,ascompaniespaymoreattentiontohumanresourcemanagement,moreandmoreERPvendorshaveincorporatedhumanresourcemanagementintoanimportantpartoftheERPsystem.
SupplyChainManagement
isthemanagementoftheenterprisesupplychain,thatis,themanagementofthemarket,demand,orders,rawmaterialprocurement,production,inventory,supply,distributionanddelivery,includingItcoverseverylinkfromproductiontodelivery,fromsupplierstocustomers.Thesupplychainisthebusinesscyclesystemonwhichanenterprisedepends,anditisthemostimportantsubjectinthemanagementofenterprisee-commerce.Statisticsshowthatacompany'ssupplychaincancostupto25%ofthecompany'soperatingcosts.SCMcanbringthefollowingbenefitstoenterprises:(1)Increasetheaccuracyofforecasting.(2)Reduceinventoryandimprovedeliveryandsupplycapacity.(3)Reduceworkflowcycles,increaseproductivity,andreducesupplychaincosts.(4)Reduceoverallprocurementcosts,shortenproductioncycles,andspeedupmarketresponse.
WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,moreandmorecompaniesarebeginningtousetheInternettoimplementSCM.Thatis,theInternetisusedtointegratetheupstreamanddownstreamenterprisesoftheenterprise,withthecentralmanufacturerasthecore,theupstreamrawmaterialandsparepartssuppliers,thedownstreamdistributorsoftheindustry,thelogisticstransportersandtheproductserviceproviders,andthecorrespondentbanksareintegratedtoformawholeCompletee-commercesupplychainforendcustomers.Thepurposeistoreduceprocurementcostsandlogisticscosts,improvetheresponsespeedoftheenterprisetothemarketandfinalcustomerneeds,therebyimprovingthemarketcompetitivenessofthecompany'sproducts.
SalesandMarket
Themarketistheproductofthecommodityeconomy,anditdevelopsalongwiththedevelopmentofthecommodityeconomy.Aslongasthereiscommodityproductionandcommodityexchange,theremustbeamarket.Therefore,thereisanobjectiveandnecessaryconnectionbetweencommoditysalesandthemarket.Commodityproductionandcommodityexchangebyindividualandprivateenterprisesarenotrestrictedbynationalplans.Theyareproducedanddevelopedentirelyinamarketenvironment.Tothisend,individualandprivateenterprisesmustestablishacorrectmarketconcept,especiallyfocusingonmarketresearch.Thisisaprerequisiteforgoodproductionandsalesofcommoditiesandaguaranteeforanenterprisetoremaininvincibleinthefiercemarketcompetition.
Themarketconceptisthebusinessguidingideologythatalltheproductionandoperationactivitiesofanenterprisearebasedontomeettheneedsofusers.Thespecificcontentofthemodernmarketconceptmainlyincludes:(1)Theuseristhecenterofcorporateactivities,andthecompanydeterminesitsownproductionandoperationdirectionaccordingtotheneedsofusers;(2)Themarketingactivitiesofthecompanyshouldbeformedasawhole,coordinatedandcarriedoutactivitiesaroundmeetingtheneedsofusers;(3)Whilemeetingtheneedsofusers,realizetheprofitsoftheenterprise.Intheprofitstrategy,itdoesnotfocusonthesizeoftheprofitofeachtransaction,butconsidersthelong-termdevelopmentofthecompany.profit.
Marketresearch,alsoknownasmarketingresearch,istheuseofcertainmethodsandprocedurestocollect,sortandanalyzethemarketingmaterialsofgoodsandservicesrelatedtoconsumerneeds,andconductmarketanalysisandplanningtodeterminethemarketMarketingstrategy.Todoagoodjobincorporatefinancialmanagement,wemustalsofocusonthemarketandstrengthenmarketingresearch.Thisisbecause:First,themarketisanintermediarythatlinksproductionandconsumption.Itcansensitivelyreflectchangesinsocialneedsandtheirconditions.Ifcompanieswanttobeinafavorablepositionincompetition,theyshouldkeepabreastofmarkettrends;second,companiesmustToobtainthegreatestfinancialbenefitswiththeleastcost,itisnecessarytoconductmarketresearchtoproduceandoperateproductsthataresuitableformarketneedsandmarketable.Third,thepurchaseandsaleofenterprisesmustrelyentirelyonmarketingmechanisms.Determinedbythecharacteristicsoftheproductionandoperationofindividualprivateenterprises.Themaincontentofmarketresearchincludesmarketresearch,marketforecastingandsalesstrategyformulation.
FinancialManagementModule
Inenterprises,clearanddistinctfinancialmanagementisextremelyimportant.Therefore,itisanindispensablepartoftheentireERPprogram.ThefinancialmoduleinERPisdifferentfromgeneralfinancialsoftware.AsapartoftheERPsystem,ithascorrespondinginterfaceswithothermodulesofthesystemandcanbeintegratedwitheachother.Forexample,itcanautomaticallyincludetheinformationenteredbyproductionactivitiesandpurchasingactivities.Thefinancialmodulegeneratesgeneralledgerandaccountingstatements,eliminatingthetediousprocessofenteringvouchers,andalmostcompletelyreplacingthetraditionalmanualoperationsinthepast.ThefinancialpartofgeneralERPsoftwareisdividedintotwoparts:accountingandfinancialmanagement.
1.Accounting
Accountingismainlytorecord,calculate,reflectandanalyzetheprocessandresultsofchangesincapitalintheeconomicactivitiesofenterprises.Itconsistsofgeneralledger,accountsreceivable,accountspayable,cash,fixedassets,multi-currencyandotherparts.
1.Generalledgermodule:Itsfunctionistoprocesstheentryandregistrationofaccountingvouchers,outputjournals,generalsubsidiaryledgersandgeneralledger,andpreparemainaccountingstatements.Itisthecoreoftheentireaccounting,accountsreceivable,accountspayable,fixedassetaccounting,cashmanagement,salaryaccounting,multi-currencyandothermodulesareallcenteredonittotransferinformationtoeachother.
2.Accountsreceivablemodule:referstothenormalcustomerarrearsaccountsreceivablebytheenterpriseduetocommoditycredit.Itincludesfunctionssuchasinvoicemanagement,customermanagement,paymentmanagement,andaginganalysis.Itisconnectedwithcustomerorderandinvoiceprocessingbusiness,andatthesametime,itautomaticallygeneratesaccountingvouchersforvariouseventsandimportsthemintothegeneralledger.
3.Accountspayablemodule:Accountspayableinaccountingreferstotheaccountspayablebyenterprisesforpurchases,includinginvoicemanagement,suppliermanagement,checkmanagement,aginganalysis,etc.Itcanbefullyintegratedwiththepurchasingmoduleandinventorymoduletoreplacethetediousmanualoperationinthepast.
4.Cashmanagementmodule:Itmainlycontrolstheinflowandoutflowofcash,aswellastheaccountingofpettycashandbankdeposits.Itincludesthemanagementofcoins,banknotes,checks,moneyordersandbankdeposits.ERPprovidesfunctionsrelatedtocashsuchasbillmaintenance,billprinting,paymentmaintenance,banklistprinting,paymentinquiry,bankinquiryandcheckinquiry.Inaddition,itisalsointegratedwithaccountsreceivable,accountspayable,generalledgerandothermodulestoautomaticallygeneratevouchersandpostthemtothegeneralledger.
5.Fixedassetaccountingmodule:itcompletestheaccountingoftheincreaseanddecreaseoffixedassetsandthedepreciationrelatedfundprovisionanddistribution.Itcanhelpmanagersunderstandthestatusquooffixedassets,andcanmanageassetsthroughvariousmethodsprovidedbythismodule,andperformcorrespondingaccountingtreatments.Itsspecificfunctionsare:loginfixedassetcardsandsubsidiaryaccounts,calculatedepreciation,preparestatements,andautomaticallypreparetransfervouchers,andtransferthemtothegeneralledger.Itisintegratedwithaccountspayable,cost,andgeneralledgermodules.
6.Multi-currencymodule:Thisistoadapttotheinternationaloperationoftoday'senterprises,andthedemandforforeigncurrencysettlementbusinessincreases.Themulti-currencysystemexpressesandsettlesthefunctionsoftheentirefinancialsystemoftheenterpriseinvariouscurrencies,andcustomerorders,inventorymanagement,andprocurementmanagementcanalsousemulti-currencyfortransactionmanagement.Multi-currencyandaccountsreceivable,accountspayable,generalledger,customerorders,purchasesandothermoduleshaveinterfaces,whichcanautomaticallygeneraterequireddata.
7.Salaryaccountingmodule:automaticallycarryoutthesalarysettlement,distribution,accountingandvariousrelatedexpensesofenterpriseemployees.Itcanloginsalary,printsalarylistsandvarioussummaryreports,calculateandwithdrawvarioussalary-relatedexpenses,automaticallygeneratevouchers,andimportthemintothegeneralledger.Thismoduleisintegratedwithgeneralledgerandcostmodule.
8.Costmodule:Itwillcalculatethevariouscostsoftheproductbasedontheproductstructure,workcenter,process,purchaseandotherinformationforcostanalysisandplanning.Youcanalsousestandardcostoraveragecostmethodtomaintaincostsbylocation.
Second,financialmanagement
Thefunctionoffinancialmanagementismainlybasedonaccountingdataandthenanalyzedtocarryoutcorrespondingforecasting,managementandcontrolactivities.Itfocusesonfinancialplanning,control,analysisandforecasting:
Financialplanning:Makethenextfinancialplan,budget,etc.basedonthepreviousfinancialanalysis.
Financialanalysis:Providequeryfunctionandgraphicaldisplayofuser-defineddifferencedataforfinancialperformanceevaluation,accountanalysis,etc.
Financialdecision-making:Thecorepartoffinancialmanagement,thecentralcontentistomakedecisionsaboutfunds,includingfundraising,investmentandfundmanagement.Productioncontrolmanagementmodule.
ThispartisthecoreoftheERPsystem.Itorganicallyintegratestheentireproductionprocessofthecompany,enablingthecompanytoeffectivelyreduceinventoryandimproveefficiency.Atthesametime,theautomaticconnectionoftheoriginallydispersedproductionprocessalsoenablestheproductionprocesstoproceedinacontinuousmannerwithoutproductiondisconnectionanddelayinproductiondeliverytime.
Productioncontrolmanagement
isaplan-orientedadvancedproductionandmanagementmethod.First,thecompanydeterminesitsoverallproductionplan,andthenafterthesystemissubdivided,itissenttoeachdepartmentforexecution.Thatis,theproductiondepartmentproducesaccordingtothis,thepurchasingdepartmentpurchasesaccordingtothis,andsoon.
1.Themainproductionplan:Itarrangesthetypesandquantitiesofproductstobeprovidedineachcycleinthefutureaccordingtotheproductionplan,forecastandcustomerorderinput.ItconvertstheproductionplanintoaproductplanandbalancesAfterthematerialandcapacityneedsaremet,adetailedschedulethatisaccuratetothetimeandquantity.Itisthearrangementofthetotalactivitiesoftheenterpriseoveraperiodoftime.Itisastableplan,whichisgeneratedfromtheproductionplan,actualorders,andforecastsderivedfromhistoricalsalesanalysis.
2.Materialrequirementplanning:Afterthemasterproductionplandeterminesthenumberoffinalproductstobeproduced,accordingtothebillofmaterials,thenumberofproductstobeproducedbytheentireenterpriseistransformedintothenumberofpartstobeproduced,andComparedwiththeexistinginventory,wecangetthefinalquantityofhowmuchstillneedstobeprocessedandhowmuchtopurchase.Thisistheplanthattheentiredepartmentreallyfollows.
3.Capacityrequirementplan:Afterthepreliminarymaterialrequirementplanisobtained,thetotalworkloadofallworkcentersisbalancedwiththecapacityoftheworkcentertoproduceadetailedworkplan.Determinewhetherthegeneratedmaterialrequirementplanisafeasiblerequirementplanontheproductioncapacityoftheenterprise.Thecapacityrequirementplanisashort-term,currentlypracticalplan.
4.Workshopcontrol:Thisisadynamicjobplanthatchangesovertime.Itassignsjobstospecificworkshops,andthenperformsjobsequencing,jobmanagement,andjobmonitoring.
5.Manufacturingstandards:Alotofbasicproductioninformationisneededinthepreparationoftheplan.Thisbasicinformationisthemanufacturingstandard,includingparts,productstructure,processesandworkcenters,allidentifiedinthecomputerwithauniquecode.
aPartcode,managementofmaterialresources,uniquecodeidentificationforeachmaterial.
bBillofmaterials,atechnicaldocumentthatdefinestheproductstructure,usedtopreparevariousplans.
cProcess,describingtheprocessingstepsandthesequenceofoperationsformanufacturingandassemblingproducts.Itcontainsthesequenceofprocessingprocedures,specifyingtheprocessingequipmentofeachprocedureandtherequiredratedworkinghoursandwagelevels.
dWorkcenter,thebasicunitthatusesthesameorsimilarprocessequipmentandlaborforce,isengagedinproductionschedulearrangement,accountingability,andcostcalculation.
Mainfeatures
ERPintegratescustomerneedswiththeinternalmanufacturingactivitiesoftheenterpriseandthemanufacturingresourcesofthesupplierstoformacompletesupplychainoftheenterprise.ItscoremanagementideasmainlyreflectInthefollowingthreeaspects:1.Itreflectstheideaofmanagingtheentiresupplychainresources;2.Itreflectstheideasofleanproduction,agilemanufacturingandsynchronousengineering;3.Itreflectstheideasofadvanceplanningandcontrol.
ThesignsofthesuccessfulapplicationofERPare:1.Integratedsystemoperationandsoftwareoperationacrossmultipledepartments;2.Rationalizationofbusinessprocesses.Businessdepartmentsatalllevelsarerebuiltaccordingtofullyoptimizedprocesses;3.Performancemonitoringisdynamic,andtheperformancesystemcanprovideimmediatefeedbacktocorrectproblemsinmanagement;fourth,managementimprovementiscontinuous,andthecompanyestablishesamechanismthatcancontinuouslyself-evaluateandcontinuouslyimprovemanagement.
ERPhasnotablefeaturessuchasintegration,system,flexibility,andreal-timecontrol.ThesupplychainmanagementthoughtofERPsystemputsforwardhigherrequirementsforenterprises,anditisthecoremanagementmodelforenterprisestoprosperintheinformationsocietyandtheeraofknowledgeeconomy.
(1)Sales-oriented,abletorespondquicklytothemarket.Itincludessupplychainmanagementfunctions,emphasizesthenewpartnershipbetweensuppliers,manufacturersanddistributors,andsupportsenterpriselogisticsmanagement.
(2)Moreemphasisisplacedonenterpriseprocessesandworkflows,throughwhichtheintegrationofpersonnel,finance,manufacturinganddistributionoftheenterpriseisrealized,andtheprocessofenterprisereorganizationissupported.
(3)IncorporatesthefunctionofproductdatamanagementPDM,increasesthemanagementofdesigndataandprocess,andfurtherstrengthenstheintegrationoftheproductionmanagementsystemwithCADandCAMsystems.
(4)Moreemphasisonfinancialmanagement,witharelativelycompletecorporatefinancialmanagementsystem,whichenablestheimplementationoftheconceptofvaluemanagementandamoreorganiccombinationofcapitalflow,logisticsandinformationflow.
(5)Humanfactorsaremoreconsideredastheroleofresourcesinproductionandoperationplanning,andhumantrainingcostsarealsoconsidered.
(6)Inthemanufacturingplanning,ERPsupportsthemixedmanagementmodeofMRPandJIT,andalsosupportsthemanagementmodeofmultipleproductionmethods(discretemanufacturing,continuousprocessmanufacturing,etc.).
(7)Adoptthelatestcomputertechnology,suchasclient/serverdistributedstructure,object-orientedtechnology,WEB-basedelectronicdatainterchange(EDI),multi-databaseintegration,datawarehouse,graphicaluserinterface,Thefourth-generationlanguageandauxiliarytools,etc.
AdvantagesandDisadvantages
TheadvantagesofERParemainlyreflectedinthefollowingaspects:shortentheturnaroundtime;theintegrationoflogisticsandcapitalflow;strengthenthematerialandproductionplan;simulatedifferentmarketconditionsfortheproductionplan,Theimpactofcapacitydemandplanning,materialprocurementplanning,storageandtransportation,etc.;enhancethecompany'sabilitytorespondquicklytochangesinthebusinessenvironment;realizereal-timeandonlineinformationinquiriesbymanagement;providemoreaccurateandtimelyfinancialreportsforcorporatedecision-making;Providevariousmanagementreportsandanalysisdataintime;thesystemitselfhasstrictinternalcontrolfunctions.
TherearestillsomeproblemsintheimplementationofERPsystemsinChineseenterprises,whicharemainlymanifestedas:(1)AlargenumberofforeignwordssetahighERPpsychologicalthreshold.TheERPsystemhasgatheredhugenewtermsandforeignvocabularysuchasBPR,JIT,CIMS,virtualenterprise,collaborativebusiness,etc.,settingapsychologicalthresholdforthemajorityofenterprisemanagers,anditisverydifficulttograsptheERPimplementationprocess.(2)ForeignERPsoftwarevendorshaveverystandardizedERPimplementationmethods,buttheydon'tknowmuchabouttheactualneedsandcustomizationprocessofChineseenterprises.(3)ManydomesticERPenterprisemanagementsoftwarevendorshaverichERPimplementationexperience,buttheyhavenoscientificandstandardizedimplementationmethods.(4)ERPsoftwarevendors,consultingcompaniesthatprovidebusinessprocessrestructuring,ERPservicesprovidedbygovernmentdepartments,andsupervisorswhoadvocatethird-partysupervisionmostlyprovideERPimplementationsuggestionsandexperiencefromtheirownperspectives,butcompaniescannotfullyseethespecificimplementation.Cyclesmakeitimpossibleforcompaniestohaveanin-depthunderstandingofspecificERPimplementationmethodsandspecificimplementationactivities.
Therefore,choosingasuitablesupplieristhekeytothesuccessfulimplementationofERP.
Payattentiontotheproblem
Accordingtorelevantstatistics,thesuccessrateofERPimplementationisonly10%-20%.
TheERPbasedonthesupplychainmanagementideaneedstobecarriedoutfromthefollowingaspectsintheimplementationprocess:
EstablishthedecisionmakerfortheimplementationoftheERPsystem
Thedecision-makerisapersonwhohasamorecomprehensivegraspofallaspectsofthecompany,aclearervisionofthecompany’soveralldevelopment,andacertaindegreeofinfluenceandappeal.IfheistheleaderintheimplementationofERPprojects,hewilltakeeverystepandplayagoodgameofchessthroughoverallplanning.Setupacompletethree-levelorganizationalstructurewithintheenterprise:theleadinggroup,theprojectimplementationgroupandthefunctionalgroup.Throughscientificdecision-makingbydecisionmakersandorganizations,determinetheERPimplementationplansteps,implementationrules,anddivisionoflabor.
Doagoodjobofpreliminaryconsultationandresearch
ConsultationistousemanagementconsultingexpertstoexaminetheweaklinksandcoreproblemsinthecurrentdevelopmentandmanagementoftheenterpriseCarryoutdiagnosisandanalysis,redesignbusinessprocesses,adjustorganizationanddistribution;researchistoknowoneselfandtheenemy,tounderstandtheproductionandbusinesscomposition,servicerequirements,ERPsupplierdevelopmentcapabilitiesandsoftwareproductcharacteristicsandunderstandingofitssuccessfulcases,andtheunderstandingofthesupplychainComponentlinks,marketsupply-demandrelationshipandfuturechangecharacteristics,etc.Ensuretheaccuracy,timeliness,reliabilityandconsistencyofthebasicdatabeforeandafter,andprovideareferenceforscientificdecision-makingandmanagement.
ChoosetheERPmanagementsoftwarethatsuitsthecharacteristicsoftheenterprise
TherearemanyERPproducts,andthescale,productstructure,marketstrategy,andmanagementmodeofdifferententerprisesalsoexistBigdifference.Therefore,whencompanieschooseERPsoftware,theyshouldfocusonbusinessneeds,softwarefunctionexpansionandopenness,secondarydevelopmenttoolsandtheireaseofuse,completesoftwaredocumentation,goodafter-salesserviceandtechnicalsupport,andsystemstability.Comprehensiveconsiderationwillbegiventotheaspectssuchasperformance,thestrengthandreputationofthesupplier,andtheappropriateprice.Inaddition,itisnecessarytoanalyzetheinvestmentbenefits,includingthecapitalprofitrate,investmentpaybackperiod,implementationcycleanddifficulty,soastoavoidcausingimplementationtime,secondarydevelopmentorcustomizationtimetobetoolongandaffecttherealizationofbenefits.
Effectivelydowellinthetrainingofemployees
Respectivelygivetheworkshopanddepartmentheads,accountingpersonnel,productionplanners,purchaseandsalespersonnel,productionstatisticians,WarehousemanagersandothersconducttrainingthroughouttheentireprocessofERPsystemimplementation.BecausetheuseoftheERPsystemwillchangetheexistingoperatingmethodsoroperatingproceduresofemployeestoalargeextent.Intermsofsophisticatedproduction,just-in-timeproduction,andtotalqualitymanagement,thepersonnelinvolvedintheERPprojectshouldbetrainedintheuseofsoftwarefunctionsatdifferentlevelsandlevels.
Establishandimprovetheprojectmanagementsystemandoperationmechanism
ERPsystemisanenterprisewiththecharacteristicsoflargeinvestment,longcycle,complexsystemandhighrisk.Managementsystemengineering.Therefore,intheprocessofERPapplication,enterprisesmustproceedfromtheperspectiveofsystemengineeringandscientificmanagementtoensurethesuccessfulimplementationofERPprojects.
RealizingtheintegrationofERPande-commerce
E-commerceisamainstreambusinessmodelforcompaniestoparticipateinfutureinternationalcompetitionandoptimizetheiroperations.TheERPsysteminthee-commerceerawillmakefulluseofInternettechnologyandinformationintegrationtechnologytofullyintegrateandoptimizefunctionssuchassupplychainmanagement,customerrelationshipmanagement,andenterpriseofficeautomationtosupportbusinessmanagementmodelssuchasproductcollaborativecommerce.IfERPstickstoitsoriginalmanagementideasandonlystaysatthemanagementoftheinternalprocessesoftheenterprise,itwillnotbeabletoadapttotheneedsofresourceoptimizationandcoordinateddevelopmentbetweenenterprisesinthee-commerceera.CompaniesplanningtoimplementERPmuststrivetoachieveaseamlessconnectionbetweenERPande-commerce,andprovidenewdevelopmentopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofthecompanyinthee-commerceera.
DevelopmentinChina
1.Marketstructurereflectsoligarchs
From2003to2008,inChina,thefourleadingERPcompaniesofUFIDA,Kingdee,SAP,andInspurThetotalsalesaccountedforabouthalfoftheentireERPindustry.AndwiththerapidgrowthoftheERPmarketcapacity,thecampofseveralleadingvendorsintheERPmarkethasremainedstableforalongtime.Basedontheaboveanalysis,itcanbeseenthatthemarketconcentrationofChina'sERPsoftwareindustryhasbeenmaintainedatarelativelyhighlevel,showingapatternsimilartooligopoly.
2.LeadingChineseandforeignmanufacturersworktogethertodominatetheChinesemarket
ThemanufacturersthatdominatetheERPmarketinmycountryincludedomesticbrandssuchasUFIDAandKingdee,aswellasinternationalbrandssuchasSAP,Oracle,Infor,andMicrosoft.Foralongtime,UFIDAandKingdee-Zhihavedominateddomesticbrands,whileinternationalbrandssuchasSAPhavealsotakentheleadinmycountry'sERPmarket.
3.ThereareindustrybarriersintheERPmarket
M&AandbrandinfluenceareimportantfactorsintheformationofERPindustrybarriers.ERPgiantsrelyontheirstrongfinancialstrengthtoachievetheirownscaleupgradesthroughcorporatemergersandacquisitions,therebyforminghighermarketbarriers.IntheERPmarket,mergersandacquisitionshavebecometheonlywaytoincreasethescaleandmarketshareofenterprises,acceleratetherealizationofindustrialtransformationofenterprises,andpromoteenterprisestobecomebiggerandstronger.Smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesinthemarket,facedwiththestrongfinancialstrengthandR&Dstrengthoftheindustrygiants,aredifficulttocompetewithandfacedifficultiesinsurvival.Therefore,thegiantsformedthroughmergersandacquisitionsintheERPmarketdirectlyraisethebarrierstoentryfortheERPindustry.2009wasayearoffiercecompetitionbetweenlocalERPvendorsandinternationalbrands.Thisyear,afrenziedwaveofmergersandacquisitionswassetoffinthedomesticERPmarket.LargecompaniessuchasUFIDAandKingdeecontinuedtoacceleratetheirmergersandacquisitionsofsmallandmediumsoftwarecompaniesintheERPindustry.Sofar,manymergersandacquisitionshavebeencompletedinmycountry'sERPmarket.
Secondly,thebrandreputation,customers,andprofessionalexperienceaccumulatedoveralongperiodoftimeintheERPindustryhavealsobecomebarrierstomarketentry.HighbrandreputationmakesitdifficultformanySMEstoentertheERPmarket,thuscreatingmarketentrybarriers.
4.Leadingmanufacturershavetheinitiativeinpricing
ERPleadingcompanieshaverealizedthemonopolyoftheindustrybyacceleratingmergersandacquisitions,therebymonopolizingprices,leadingmanufacturersintheERPmarketthereforehavetheinitiativePricingpower,soERPleadingcompaniescanmaintaintheirownoperationsatahighlevelofprofitforalongtime.AscorporatecustomersrelymoreandmoreontheleadingcompaniesintheERPmarket,theycanonlyadapttothemonopolyoftheERPindustry.SAPexpectsthatby2014,thecompany'ssoftwareandrelatedoperatingincomewilldouble,anditsoperatingprofitmarginwillreachatleast35%.
5.Thestrongwillalwaysbestrong
Inthefuture,thedifferentiationbetweensuperiorandinferiorcompaniesintheERPmarketwillfurtherintensify,andindustryconcentrationwillfurtherincrease.AstheinternationalERPgiantsacceleratetheirlocalizationdevelopmentinChina,localleadingmanufacturershavealsobecomeincreasinglyoutstandingandtheirexpansionspeedshavebeenaccelerating.InChina,thefutureERPmarketwillshowapatternofstrongplayers.Fiercecompetitionismainlyconcentratedonfirst-tiermanufacturers,whilesecond-andthird-tiermanufacturerswillfacedifficultiesinsurvival.
6.Newentrantshavealotofadvantages
Manynewindustrieshavetechnologiesthatarenotinferiortomarketmonopolists,usingtheSaaSmodelplatformtobringthecompany'sproductstothetop.Onlybyseizingtheopportunityreasonablycanwesurviveinthecracksandoccupyawidersky.
Systemoptimization
ERPglobalization
IntheinformatizationconstructionofSMEs,themostobviousdevelopmenttrendis:enterpriseGlobalization,globalizationofmarkets,andglobalizationofcompetition.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofe-commerce,policybarriershavedisappearedinthepastfewyears.Enterprisee-commercehasexistedinsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesforalongtime,andthescopeofoperationshasgraduallyexpandedtotheworld.Therefore,withthecontinuousstrengtheningoftheinformatizationofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.ItisboundtorequireoptimizationofERPsystemfunctionstoprovideservicesforglobalizedenterprises.
ERPhasalreadysupportedtheobviousandrelativelyeasyfunctionsofenterpriseinformatization,suchasallowingtransactionsandtelegramstousemultiplecurrencyunits,andreportingbusinessresultsbycountry.but.Otherfunctions,suchasapplicabletothelocalpolicystructureorlocalculturalexpectations,willbeverycomplicatedtodesignintheERPsystem,anditismoredifficulttoimplementwithprogramming.therefore.TheglobalizationofERPshouldbeginwiththestandardizationofERPprocesses,andintegrateglobaldatasuchasproductivity,productionandtransportationcosts,tariffs,anddemandinrelatedregions.
Withtheglobalizationofthemarket,smallandmedium-sizedcompaniesalsotendtomergetobetterdealwithexcessproductioncapacityinthemarket.Inaddition,thesimilaritybetweentheinformationenvironmentandtheprocessenvironmentwillalsocausebusinessintegration.Thecontinuousgrowthofmergersandacquisitionshasbroughtanotherdemand-tointegratethepreviouslyseparatedERPs.Therefore,whenoptimizingtheERPsystem,itisnecessarytoconsidertheenergyinvestedbytheenterpriseintheoriginalERPsystem,sothataslightupgradeoftheenterpriseundertheoriginalERPsystemenvironmentcanmeettheneedsoftheinformationconstructionofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesinthecurrenteconomicsituation.
RapidERP
Inahighlycompetitivebusinessenvironment,inordertosurviveanddevelop,SMEsmustquicklyunderstandthatasinglecustomerisWhattimewantstoget,andreactthroughERPsoftware.Therefore,ERPsoftwareisrequiredtohaverapidperceptionandrapidresponsecapabilities.TheoptimizedERPmustmeettheneedsoftheinformatizationconstructionofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesintermsoftechnology.Improvethespeedandflexibilityofenterprisestorespondtocustomers.
ERPreorganization
Economicglobalizationhaspromotedthemergerbetweenenterprises.However,becauseenterprisesandmanagementinstitutionsrequirelowermanagementcosts,itwillpromptCompaniesareregroupingwithintheindustry.Afterthereorganization,thecompanyshouldalsobeabletocarryoutERPreorganizationwiththehelpofoptimizedERPsoftware,sothattheERPsoftwarecanadapttotherequirementsofthecurrententerprisereorganization.
ERPvirtualization
Becausethevirtualorganizationisthejointcollaborationofenterprisesinordertoachieveawin-winsituation.Thescopeoftherelationshipisverywide.Inordertocoverthisrange,theoptimizedERPsoftwaretechnicallyneedstosupporttheunionofdifferentlevelsofdataandprocesses.Fromsimplemarkettransactionsbetweenorganizationstocompleteunionandsharing,alllevelsofunionmustbesuitabletoformavirtualThetypeofrelationshipbetweenthetwo(ormore)organizationsoftheorganization.TomakeERPsoftwarevirtual.Onewayistoexpandthevaluechainandintegrateinformationfrommultipledatasystems.