Yao Shu

Characterrelationship

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CharacterLife

GoingtoMongolia

YaoShu,namedGongmao,wasborninBenliucheng(nowChaoyang,Liaoning),andmovedtoLuoyang(nowLuoyang,Henan).HisancestorswenttoKhitanasanenvoyoftheLaterTangDynasty,andstayedthereforsomereason,sohesettledinLiucheng,Yingzhou(nowChaoyang,Liaoning).Morethanahundredyearslater,YaoShu'sgrandfatherandfatherservedsuccessivelyasmiddleandlowerofficialsintheJinDynasty,andhisfamilywasmovedbacktotheCentralPlains.YaoShugrewupinLuoyang.InthelastyearsoftheJinDynasty,hisfatherYaoYuanwastransferredtoXuzhou(nowXuchang,Henan)asthejudgeofrecordingaffairs,"ImovedmyfamilytoXu."

YaoShuhasbeenstudyinghardsincehewasachild,andhadahighexpectation.SongJiujia,acelebritywholivedinXuzhouatthattime,greatlyappreciatedhimandbelievedthathewas"WangZuolue."

Atthistime,underthefrequentwhipsoftheMongolianarmy,theJinDynastywasalreadyprecarious.In1232,theMongolianarmybrokeXuzhouandYaoShuwasforcedtoflee.Atthistime,SongJiujiahadtakenupaMongolianofficialposition,YaoShuwenttoYanjing(nowBeijing)tojoinhim,SongJiujiarecommendedhimtothefamousofficialYangWeizhong.

Theso-called"heroescherishheroes",atthattimeYaoShuwas32yearsoldandYangWeizhongwasonly27yearsold.Thetwoyoungtalentsappreciatedeachother.YangWeizhongquicklyrecommendedYaoShutogotoMobeiandseeWoKuotai.Atthattime,therewasnoHandoctorinMobei,andWoKuotai"hecamehereandpaidalotofattention"andstayedwithhimforafewyears,soYaoShubecamefamiliarwithMongoliancustomsandculture.

DisseminationofNeo-Confucianism

In1235,theprincewentouttoattacktheSongDynasty.YaoShuwasorderedtogowiththearmyfromYangWeizhongtovisitConfucianism,Taoism,Buddhism,medicine,andBuddhism.,Wineworkers,musicpeopleandothertalents.YaoShuknowsthesignificanceofhistrip.Inthebloodyanddisorderlywar,hefulfilledhismissionkeenlyandattentively.TheMongolianarmybrokeZaoyang,andthemaingeneralwantedtoslayallkindsoftalentscollectedbyYaoShu.Underhisfullprotection,thesepeopleescaped"intothebambooforest,avoidingdeath."

Soon,theMongolianarmycapturedDe'an(nowAnlu,Hubei),"theirpeoplewerehundredsofthousands,andtheywereallcaptured."Atthattime,YaoShuhadn'tbeenabletostoptheindiscriminatekilling,butheranaroundwiththeedictofWoKuotai,andsuccessfullysavedZhaoFuandotherConfucianscholars,andsupportedhislectures,whichplayedanimportantroleinthespreadofNeo-Confucianisminthenorth.

In1241,WoKuotaiappointedYaoShuasYanjingXingtaidoctor."YenjingXingtai"isalsocalled"ZhongzhouTroubleshooter".ItwastheofficialpositionoftheHandigovernmentaffairs,theprimeministeroftheMongolianKhanate.Atthattime,themanwhoheldthispositionwasYaluwachi,anativeofKhwarazim,whowasborninbusinessandhadasexInordernottooffendhim,officialsfromalloverthecountryandthe"Shihou"whoholdsmilitarypowerrushedtoYanjingtosendmoney.AbouttoblockYaoShu'smouth,Yaluwachioftengavehimthebribeinaportion.YaoShuisacleanandself-consciouspersonanddoesn’twantit,buthisbosscan’taffordtooffendhim.Hehasnowaytocleanhimself.Thespringisunderthemountain)toliveinseclusion.

AftercomingtoSumen,YaoShu’slifewassimple.WithouttheGaotanghuahutinYanjingCity,he"punishedthegrassasachurch",builtthatchedhuts,andtheninvestedinthecultivationofhundredsofdesertedfields.Mu,"repairingtwowaterwheels"forirrigation,givesone'slifeabasicgoal.Afterthat,hesetuphisfamilytempleandworshippedthetempleforfourgenerations."Don'tbelikeShifengConfuciusandSongConfucian,ZhouDunyi,etc."Atthattime,therewasalong-termwarinthenorth,andvariousbookswerequitescarce,andtheNeo-Confucianismclassicsthatjustcamefromthesouthwereevenscarce.AtthefootofSumenMountain,YaoShupersonallyengagedinthepublicationoftheelementaryschoolandtheFourBooks,andalsomobilizedfriendstofundthepublicationandengravingofthebooks,whichweredistributedtothefourplaces.

AfterZhaoFulivedinseclusion,YaoShubecameacentralfigureinthespreadofnorthernNeo-Confucianism.Therewerealargenumberofpeoplewhocametolearnandlearn.Amongthem,themostfamouswereXuHengandDouMo,wholaterbecamegreatscholars.WhenYaoShulivedinSumenMountaininseclusion,XuHeng,whowasover30yearsold,cametovisitandread"TheBookofYiluoChengandXin'anZhuFamily".Hesuddenlyrealizedthathisvisionwaswidenedandhewassoexcitedthathe"dancedwithoutknowingthehand,dancingwiththefoot".Thenherespectedandbelievedlikeagod.Afterreturning,hesaidtohisstudents:"WhatItaughtyouinthepastwasnotright,butnowIknowtheorderofenteringschool!"Soon,XuHengmovedtoSumenwithhisfamilyandstudents,andhewas"dependentonYaoShu."Tolive".

Anotherwell-learnedman,DouMo,alsocametoliveinseclusion,and"graciouslytakeTaoashisduty"withYaoShu,XuHengandothers.Theylivedveryclosely,oftengatheredtogether,andlecturedon"Fanjing,Zishi,ritualsandmusic,famousthings,astrologicalcalendar,militarypunishment,food,waterconservancy,etc.,alltalkabouteverything",fromscholars.,HuiCountywasshiningwithstarsforawhileandbecamethecenterofscientificresearchandteaching.Itwasveryfamousinthenorth.ThecelebrityWangPanwasrecruitedbyWoKuotaiandtransferredallhisstudentstoYaoShutostudy.

Thisperiodofstudylastedtenyears.YaoShu,XuHeng,andDouMolaterbecamethemasters,andtheywereallreusedbyKublaiKhan.

AssistShizu

WhenYaoShulivedinHuiCounty,hedidnotconsiderhiscareer.AtthefootofSumenMountain,he"studiedandplayedthepiano,ifhewillliveforever",hewasatease,andheseemedtobeinLinquanforever.

In1250,KublaiKhansentpeopletoconscript.The50-year-oldYaoShupromisedtowalkdownSumenMountain,outofBaiquan,andheadtoMobeiagain.

WhenhefirstarrivedinMobei,Kublai"callsthetimeandtalks".Thisisakindoftemptation.YaoShudidn'tmisstheopportunity.Hewrotethousandsofwordsintheletter,andthegeneralkeyistopersuadeKublaitousetheHanmethodtogoverntheHanland.

YaoShufirsttalkedaboutthemetaphysical,"Thetwoemperorsandthreekingsarethefoundationoflearning,theorderofgovernance,andthegreatclassicsofgoverningthecountryandtheworld.Respectthenature,lovethepeople,bekind,andfaraway”;thenitismetaphysical,talkingabouttheimportanttasksofthecurrentmalpracticeofreform,asmanyas30,includingtheestablishmentoftheprovince,theselectionofthelegacy,thecarefulselection,theeliminationofstaff,thesalaryoftheclass,Emphasizeagriculturalmulberry,repairschools,etc.Thevarioussuggestionsalltalkedaboutthespecificimplementationstrategy,"Shizhangzhifang,thefollowingisthesameastherootsandtheroots,andthedetailsarenotleftout."Kublaiwasamazed,"Wonderfultalent,hemustaskquestionswhenhemoves,andhewillteachthesonoftheworld."

KhublaiisthegrandsonofGenghisKhanandthesonofTuoLei.WhenYaoShuarrivedinMobei,hewasjustanordinaryfeudallord,butthispersonhadgreatambitions,andagroupofintelligentandstrategicpeoplehadgatheredaroundhim.ThiswasanimportantreasonwhyYaoShudidnothesitatetoenlisthim.Later,onthebigstageoftheMongolianKhanate,hereliedonhisoutstandinginsighttoletKublaiKhanavoiddisastersandembarkonasmoothjourneytimeandtimeagain.

Oneyearlater,inthepowerstruggleoftheMongolianroyalfamily,Kublai’sbrotherMengGewonthepositionoftheMongolianKhanate.InordertocontroltheworldinthehandsoftheTuoLeifamily,MengGeKhanentrustedthemilitaryandpoliticalaffairsoftheMonanHanareatoKublaiKhan.

ForKublaiKhan,whohaslongbeen"thinkinggreatandpromisingintheworld",thisisthetimewhenhisdreamsformanyyearshavecometrue.Hewasoverjoyedandcelebratedwithmanyadvisersandcelebritiesintheshogunate.FortheentireKublaiKhaninterestgroup,thisisagreatgoodthing,soeveryoneforgotaboutit,happily,"givingcongratulations",butYaoshusatinthetable,silent.

Whenthebanquetwasover,everyonecameout.KublailetsomeonekeepYaoShuandasked,"Everyonemadecongratulatoryspeechesduringthebanquet.Whydidyousitaloneandsitsilently?"YaoShuItwasthisquestionthathewaitedfor,andhesaidstraightforwardly:"Doesthevastnessoftheland,thewealthofthepeople,andthewealthoflandsurpassthatofHan?Thepowerofmilitaryandpoliticalpowerbelongstous,sowhatshouldIcareabout?"Now,itwasKublai'sturnto"silently".YaoShucontinued:"Inthefuture,peoplearoundDaKhanwilltakeadvantageoftheslander,andDaKhanwilldefinitelybesuspiciousandregretful,sohewillseizeyourpower.Itisbettertojusttakeoverthemilitarypowerandreturntheadministrativepower,andaskDaKhantosendrelevantagenciestotakecharge.Thisistheonlywaytogo."

ThesewordsprobablymadeKublaiacoldsweat.Herepliedsolemnly:"Thinkaboutwhatyoucan'tdo."Afterasuddenrealization,hefollowedYaoShu'ssuggestion.,ReturntheHandigovernmentaffairstoMengGe.Judgingfromthesubsequentdevelopments,thiskindofconcealmentisverynecessary.Sinceancienttimes,theexclusivityofthemonarchywillhavetragicconsequences,andtherearecountlessexamplesofcannibalism.AsKublaiestablishedhisfootholdinHanandhisreputationgrew,MengGeKhanalsoclearedawayhisdissidents,andhissuspicionforhisyoungerbrothersuddenlybecamestronger.ThisissomethingthatIwillnotmentionforthetimebeing.

InthesecondyearwhenKublaiwasinchargeofthemilitarypowerinMonan,MenggeKhangavehimthesamesurnameandorderedKublaitochooseaplaceinNanking(nowKaifeng)andGuanzhongasafief.Kublaiandthecounsellorsdiscussed,everyonewasuncertain,YaoShusaid:"TheKaifengareaisapproachingtheYellowRiver,thewaterwaysareimpermanent,thesoilisthinandshallow,therearesaline-alkalilandeverywhere,notifGuanzhongisdeepinthehinterland,itisdangerous,thelandisfertile,andtheancientnameisTianfu.Landandsea."Kublaiwishedtobeinthemiddleofthepass.

Afterawhile,MengGeKhansaidtoKublaiKhan:"AlthoughGuanzhongisgood,butthehouseholdsarefew,howcanyougetenoughwealth?IlookattheareaaroundHuaimeng,wherepeopleareverycrowded.Itisdense,andnowyouareincharge,soyoucanadjustthebalance."KublaiKhanrecruitedtalentsandmanagedmeticulously.Thesetwoplaceslaterbecamehisfoundation.

Thisyear,YaoShuwrotetoKublaiKhanagain,analyzingthevariousmistakesoftheMongolianarmysincetheconquestofSongDynastyin1235."Home",thelootedpeoplearenotslaves.ThisnotonlycreatedasituationinwhichthepeopleoftheSouthernSongDynastyswearedtoresist,butalsothelandunderwhichtheyhad"noinhabitants,andthewildswerereckless."Themilitaryresultscouldnotbeconsolidatedatall.Thisisbynomeansastrategyforthecountrytosettledown.Hesuggestedthatthemilitaryoperationsthatspecializeinplunderingfromspringtoautumnshouldbeusedasdecentralizedareas.Thelong-termcombatreadinessshouldbebasedondefenseandbattleandplough.Bigdeed.

Shortlyafterwards,KublaiKhanobtainedMongolianconsentto"tryout"HenanandShaanxi,implementingthisstrategyofYaoShu.Atthattime,theestablishmentoftheDepartmentofEconomicsinKaifeng,withBrotherMang,ShiTianze,YangWeizhong,andZhaoBi,stationedthearmy,combinedfarmingandwarfare,stationedTangTian,​​Dengandotherprefectures,inthewestfromXiangDeng,easttoChenBo,TaoyuanlinelayoutHeavysoldiersandfortificationswerebuilttogether,formingahornwithXiangyang,animportanttownontheborderoftheSouthernSongDynasty.Later,heacceptedYaoShu’ssuggestiontosetupthecapitaltotransportgrainandgrassthroughtheYellowRiver.Withinoneortwoyears,HenanbecameabaseareafortheMongolianarmytoattackXiangfaninthefutureandbecameanimportantfoundationforKublaiKhan.

KhublaiwasorderedtoconquerDali.Atanarmybanquet,YaoShutoldthestorythatthegeneralCaoBin,theEmperorofSongTaizu,ZhaoKuangyin,didnotkillanyoneafterhecapturedtheSouthernTangDynasty.Don'tkillKublaiKhanindiscriminately.Kublaididnotspeakatthetime.Whenhesetoffthenextday,heimmediatelysaidloudlytoYaoShuandalsotothewholearmy:"YousaidyesterdaythatCaoBinwouldnotkillanyone,Icandoit,Icandoit!"Changethe"OrderofMassacre"to"OrdertoStopKilling".

KublaiKhan’sseriesofactionsinHan,especiallywhenheledhisarmytoquellDali,whichnotonlyopenedtheroadtoNanshang,butalsoencircledtheSouthernSongDynasty,greatlyenhancinghispowerandreputation.Butinthisway,thereisasuspicionof"GongGaoZhenzhu"and"bigtailcan'tfall."

ThenoblesaroundMengGeKhangraduallyexpressedconcern,sayingthat"theroyalpalace(referringtoKublaiKhan)gottheheartoftheearth"andaccusingtheroyalstaffof"authorityisatreacherousthing."In1256,MengGefinishedsortingouthisunpleasantcousins,aunts,andcousins.Hearingmoreandmoregossip,hebegantohavesuspicionforhisyoungerbrother.HeassignedhiscloseassociateAlanDa'ertothefiefofKublaiKhanandsetupaspecialagency"HookExamBureau"tostarttalkingabouteconomicissues.RelyingontheprestigeofMengGeKhan,AlanDa'erthreatenedtokillShiTianzeandLiuHeima(thetwowerethefamousHanShihou)againstofficialsinGuanzhongandHenanappointedbyotherHanvassalsandKublaiKhan..

AllthisisobviouslydirectedatKublai.TherelationshipbetweenKublaiKhanandMengGewasimmediatelyspeculative.YaoShuwatchedthisinsightandknewthatitwassinister.Atthecriticalmoment,heanalyzedKublaiKhan’sarticles:"TheLordKhan,brother;thebrother,theminister.Youcan’tcareaboutit.It’seasytostayawayfromthecourt.Sufferinginjustice.Thetoppriorityistocompletelyeliminatethesuspicionofprofusesweat.Thisisthewaytodrawasalaryfromthebottomofthetank."

HesuggestedtoKublaithatheshouldsendhiswifeandsontothecapitalandLin,SenttoMengGeKhan’snose,andsettledthereforalongtimetoshowhisloyalty.Inthisway,MengGeKhan’sdoubtswouldnaturallybelifted.

Khublaihesitated.Thenextday,YaoShurepeatedlyurgedKublaitoreturntoMobeiandbacktoDaKhan,completelydispellinghissuspicion.Kublaithoughtrepeatedly,andfinallyrepliedcategorically:"Congru,Congru."

InNovemberofthisyear,KublaisentenvoystoseeMengGetwice,confessingthathewaswillingto"gobacktopastoralism."AfterMobei'sthoughts,KublaireturnedtoHelinafterreceivingtheedictfromMengGe.Whenthebrothersmet,Kublaistoodwithaglassofwineandstoodtoofferhisbrother,respectfullysalutedandreturnedtohisseat,thenofferedaglassofwineagain,andthenretired.Whenhewenttoofferwineforthethirdtime,MengGehan'stearsshedtears,andKublai’stearscouldnotstopflowing.Hewantedtoconfesstohimself,butMengGehanreachedouttostophim,andthetwobrothersembracedeachotherwithopenarms..Immediately,MengGeKhanorderedthecancellationofthe"hooktestbureau."

Althoughthehooktestwasstopped,KublaiKhanwasstilldismissedfromhismilitarypowerandstayedinMobei.

In1258,afterlivinginMobeiforayear,theMongolianEasternRouteArmythatattackedtheSouthernSongDynastyfailedsuccessively.MengGethoughtofthecapableyoungerbrotherwhohadbeenwrongedbyhim,andonceagainappointedKublaitoleadhisarmysouthward.KublaiKhanstillfollowedYaoShu,andJiaXidaointheSouthernSongDynastyheardofhiscounselingarmy,"comparedtotheking."

In1259,MengGeKhandiedintheDiaoyuTownofHezhou,Sichuan(nowHechuanCounty,Chongqing).KublaiKhanwasalreadyapproachingEzhouatthattime.AfterhearingthattheyoungerbrotherAliBuGeinMobei,Liuzhen,wantedtomakeanameforhimself,hehurriedlyconcludedapeaceagreementwiththeSouthernSongDynastyunderthecityofEzhou,andthenreturnednorth.

Inthespringof1260,KublaiKhanheldtheHulitaiConferenceinKaiping(nowtheeastofZhenglanBanner,InnerMongolia),andwassupportedbyMongoliannoblesfromallwalksoflife.Fromthenon,thecenteroftheMongolEmpire'sruleshiftedfromMobeitotheHanlandofMonan.

Circumstancesinhislateryears

IntheShintoinscriptionswrittenforhimbyYaoShu'sdescendants,hepraisedhimfor"notbeingrichandhonorable,advancingandretreating...sohewasnotashamedofthattime".ThispassagetortuouslyimpliesthatYaoShu'slifeinhislateryearswasnotveryideal.

DuringKublai’sresidence(themansionbeforethethrone),YaoShuwasoneofhismostimportantthinktanks.However,YaoShuisa"Confucianist"withalifeattitudeof"Taoashisownresponsibility",whichmakeshimreluctanttopursue"utilitarianeffectiveness"andpaymoreattentiontostabilizingtheworldandlovingthepeople.AfterKublaiKhanascendedtothethroneoftheemperor,hismainenergywastodealwiththebrotherAliwhoalsoclaimedtobesweatingprofusely.InordertocontendwithAli'sbadbrother,heurgentlyneedstoincreasethewealthoftheCentralPlains.Atthistime,KublaiKhanusedthepowerofpower,theHanChineseWangWentong,whowasgoodattacticsandgoodatmanagingmoney.

InthesecondyearofZhongtong(1261),WangWentongaskedKublaiKhantoappointYaoShuastheprince'sprince,andatthesametimeappointedDouMoandXuHengastheprince'sprinceandtheprince'sTaibao,inanattempttoplacethethreeofthemInarespectedpositionwithoutrealpower.YaoShu,DouMoandXuHengmadeasincereresignation,andsaidtoKublaiKhan,"YourMajestyhasnotestablishedaprince.Whosegrandmasterisourfamily?Whosemaster,Taibao?"KublaichangedthepositionofYaoShuasthegrandmaster.Sinong,DouMolecturedforHanlin'sbachelor,andXuHengservedwineforthesonofthecountry.

AmajoreventthathappenedafterwardsonceagainshowedYaoShu'samazinginsight.Afterproclaimingtheemperor,Kublai’sbrother,atthistime,ShandongShihouLiZonglaunchedamutiny.Morethanamonthbeforethemutiny,LiYanjian,whowassenttoYanjingasahostagebyLiZong,quietlyescaped.KublaiKhanimmediatelysummonedYaoShutodiscusswithhim,askinghimtopredictLiZong'smovements.YaoShubelievesthataftertheopponent’smutiny,therearethreestrategiestochoosefrom:“It’sthebeststrategytotakeadvantageofthegapbetweenournorthernexpeditions,tofighttheswallowsonthesea,andtoretreattothecommonwealth.Disturbingthesidewillmakemestopforrescue,whichisacentralpolicy;ifwesendtroopstoJinan,waitingforthehelpoftheprincesofShandong,thiswillbecomeacatch."KublaiKhanasked:"Thethiefwillbesettledtoday?"YaoShucategoricallysaid:"Thenextmove."ThedevelopmentofthesituationconfirmedthatYaoShu'sforesightwasextremelysharpandaccurate,whichprovidedthecorrectthinkingforKublai'stimelydecision-making..

WangWentong,thefather-in-lawofLiZong,wasimplicatedandkilledaftertherebellionofLiZong.AfterWangWentong'sdeath,KublaiZhaoRenYaoShuandLiuSu,thethirdbookfromtheleft,discussedthebookandsavetrouble.Infact,YaoShuwasappointedtoparticipateinthesecretsanddecision-makingoftheMinistryofEducation.Ayearlater,YaoShuwasappointedasPrimeMinisterZuoofZhongshuProvince(AlthoughthepositionofthePrimeMinisterontheleftislowerthanthatofthePrimeMinisterontheright,buthehasrealpower,andheispromotedtothenextleveloftheZhongshuProvincialCommittee).

DuetotheLiZong'srebellion,Kublai'ssuspicionandfearoftheHanpeoplegraduallydeepened.AlthoughheappointedYaoShuasZhongshuZuocheng,healsopromotedAhema,anativeofFenakat(inUzbekistan),toZhongshuPingzhangandpresidedoverthework.

Duringthisperiod,YaoShudidalotofconstructivethings,suchassettingupaPrivyCouncilandsuggestingthattheancestorsoftheYuanDynastydividetheHanarmyintoten"Olu".Each"Oulu"hasageneraladministrationoffice;fromthenon,itisnolongerunderthe"tenthousandhouseholds",andthe"youngman"and"privatepersons"whohave"tenthousandhouseholds"inVanOuluareremoved.Theso-called"brotherman"and"private"areslaveswhowerecapturedbecauseofthewar.Thisedictisalsoagreatvirtue.

YaoShualsomadeanumberofimportantissues,suchasestablishingnewregulations(standards),combiningprovinceswithprefecturesandcounties,andapprovingthenumberofofficials,grades,andpositions.YanjingwaschangedtobethecapitalofZhongdu,thesamecapitalasthecapitalofKaiping,thenamewaschangedtoZhiyuan,andtheworldwasamnesty.TheZhaomengwupeopleactedasDaluhuachi(thepalmsealofficial),theHanpeoplewerethedirectors,andtheHuihuipeople(includingWeiwuerandHuipeoplefromothercountries)knewwell,"Eternalasthesystem"andsoon.

Unfortunately,notlongafterwards,YaoShuwastransferredoutbecauseofhislosstotheAhemaforces.HewastransferredtoplacessuchasZuocheng,Xijing,Pingyang,etc.,andhewenttoHenan,Shanxiandotherplacestohost.Localwork.Subsequently,theYuanDynastyfoughtaseriesofwars,whichwerecostlyandlong-termneedtoincreasethestate'sfiscalrevenue.Inthiscontext,theConfucianConfucianscholarswhoconcealedtheiradvantagesandadvocatedfrugalityandloveforthepeoplewereevenmoreoutdated.YaoShuwasoncedenouncedbyKublaias"notknowingthings."Ahema,LuShirong,andSangGewerethe"gathering"ministers,sotheywerereused.

Inadditionto"notknowingthings,"YaoShualsohasabitofannoyancewithKublai.HetookthemissionofspreadingandpromotingNeo-Confucianismashisownmission,andheoftenwantedto"infusevirtuewiththethreeguidesandfiveconstants,andthesage'smaxims"totheMongoliannobles.Asaresult,hewasdisgustedbyKublai,whichisprobablythereasonforhisgradualalienation.

However,KublaiKhan,whohadalreadybecometheemperoroftheCentralPlains,appointedYaoShutopresideovertherevisionoftheordinancesystemandvariousetiquettes.YaoShustillmadegreatcontributionstothebasicconstructionoftheYuanDynasty.

Mostofthedeathsfromillness

InthefifthyearoftheYuanDynasty(1268),YaoShuwastransferredbacktothecapitalandservedasa"same-discussedbookandtrouble-free".ItwasnotuntilthetenthyearoftheYuanDynasty(1273)thathewasappointedasabachelorofZhaowendian.

YaoShusufferedfromcardiovascularandcerebrovasculardiseaseinhislateryears.AboutonedayinthefourteenthyearoftheYuanDynasty(1277),hewastalkingtothecourtandsuddenlyfellinfrontofKublaiKhan.Afterahundreddaysofcultivation,itwasrelieved.

IntheseventeenthyearoftheYuanDynasty(1280),YaoShudiedofillnessinDadu(nowBeijing)attheageof78.HeleftHuiCountyashisrestingplaceforhisdescendants.Inordertoprotectthetombsoftheirancestors,oneofhisdescendantsliveshere.

InthesecondyearofYuanZhen(1296),YuanChengzongposthumouslygavehimthetitleofDoctorRongluandYoungTeacher.FromthethirdyearofWuzongtotheDadi(1310)ofYuanDynasty(1310),thethreedivisionsofTaishiandKaifuyitongwereaddedasgifts,andtheposthumousposthumoustitleof"document"wasnamedLuGuogong.("YuanShi"and"XinYuanShi"recordthatYaoShuhasreceivedaposthumouspostafterhisdeath.YuanChengzongAfterhecametothethrone,YaoShuwasalsogivenasagiftYoucheng,theoldscholar,Taishi,andKaifuyiwerethesameasthethreedivisions,andtheywerenamedLuGuogong.).

Maininfluence

WhentheMongolianarmycapturedDe'an(nowAnlu,Hubei),YaoShurescuedthescholarZhaoFuandpersonallyescortedhimtoYanjing.Itis"PropagatingandFollowingtheThreadofTaoism".WiththesupportofZhongshuLingYelvChucai,YaoShuassistedYangWeizhongintheestablishmentofTaiChiAcademyandZhouZi(ZhouDunyi)TempleinYanjing.SelectinghandsomeandknowledgeablestudentsasTaoiststudents",thereareasmanyas100scholars,soNeo-Confucianismisspreadingwidelyinthenorth.However,YaoShubecamethefirststudentofZhaoFu,andhestudiedcarefullythe"BookofNatureandPrinciplesoftheTwoSonsofChengandZhu",andsoonbecameanimportantfigureintheinterpretationofNeo-Confucianism.

Onthebattlefieldfilledwithgunpowderin1235,YaoShudiscovered,protected,andrecommendedZhaoFu,instantlyopeningadoortoculturalexchangesbetweentheNorthandtheSouth.Fromthis,theNeo-ConfucianismofChengandZhuspreadwidelyinthenorth,makingthenorthernConfucianismThescholarisbathedinarefreshingacademicatmosphere.ThankstotheeffortsofYaoShu,DouMo,XuHengandothers,theYuanDynastyrespectedChengZhuandregardedNeo-Confucianismasanofficialschool.Sincethen,theMingandQingdynastiesalsotookChengZhuzhi'sschoolasanofficialschool.Peopleatthetimecommented:"ThestudyofZhuZhiinthenorthbeganfrom(Zhao)."HuangZongxi'ssonandthescholarHuangBaijiainthelateMingandearlyQingdynastiesalsosighedwithemotion:"FromthesouthofZhaoJianghan(Mr.ZhaoFuhaoJianghan)Theprisonerofthecrown,mywaytothenorth,andYaoShu,DouMo,XuHeng,LiuYinzhi’sdiscipleslearnedaboutthelearningofChengandZhu,andspreadingitout,thelearningofthenorthbegantogrow,suchasWuCheng’sclassicsandYaoSui’sliterature.Invincible,theyareallvindictiveandgloomy."

Historyevaluation

XuHeng:Huangyuansetoff,theroadrevived,andtheadvocatorwasXueZhaiYaoGong.

YaoSui's"YaoShuShendaoStele":Shishizu'shiddenresidencefortenyears,abouttentonineyears,livinginacloseplaceandbeingrespectedandfavored,itcanbesaidthatitwilllastforalongtime,butitisnotSolidwealth,advancingandretreatingrespect,poorforaperiod,noteasytobepoor,sodon'ttakeshameatthetime,beclearandsafe.

SongLian,"OdetotheFamousOfficialsoftheKingdom":YeYeLongquan,ShenCaiNeiMing.Seeingitasempty,QiFengpointstoit.Nothingisconstant,anditisasfastasthewind.Comparabletotheliterature,majesticandheroic.Extravaganceisdifferent,unprecedented.Inthefuture,thereisambition.AdvocateSumenandgobacktoSiyi.DonotvisitGuanluo,butdoitinYouzheng.WeiisWangZuoandheisloyaltohim.LiJingChenJi,LiXianthrewevil.Thewindmoveseverywhere,openingupcivilization.NianZhiyaoisreallyfromLupin.Theremonstrancethatdoesnotkill,theremonstrancedayandnight.Thetonguecannotbehidden,thecurewillbesuccessful.Notrace,don'tlookatwhat'sleft.ZuoXuandrightsinus,threepeopleareinthesameheart.SupportthestemandplanttheKun,likeabeltlikeagrind.SweartoFuYu,itwillbeheardforever.

Accordingtothe"YuanHistory·DouMoBiography",Kublaioncecommented:IftheheartofDouHanqing(ieDouMo)andthetalentofYaoGongmao(ieYaoShu)arecombinedintoone,SicanbedescribedasawholePeoplecarryon.

"YaoShuBiographyofYuanHistory"consideredhimtobealoyalelder:"ThenatureoftheShuishungryandbenevolent,respectfulandfrugal,andheisnotsuspectedofdeceivingoneself.Ifyouhaveone'smorals,youwillnotResentment.Sufferingcomesfromsorrow,withoutwords.Ifyoucomeandplan,youwilltellitagainandagain."Ifsomeoneissorryforhim,hehasnogrievance;ifsomeonecomestoaskforadvice,hemustrepeatitandlettheotherpartyunderstandthoroughly.Suchaperson,Reallykind.

WangFuzhi's"ReadingTongjianLun":(1)Afterhesucceeds,ifheloseshisway,thenthewanderingscholarswillriseup....LianXixian,YaoShu,XuHengandotherschangedtheirsituationandusedNeo-Confucianismasasorrow,makingthemrankamongYao,Shun,Tang,andWen,withoutanybenefit.Thewanderer'sdisasterisextremelyterribleatthispoint.②Therefore,thosewhoenjoypoetry,books,ritualsandpleasuresinnon-classcourtsarealsothedemonsoftheircountry.Itstracesaresimilar,itsrationalityisinverse,itswritingiscunning,itstalkoflewdness,itishandsometoplaywitheachother,anditwillberidiculedfornottodie?YujiandWeisuonlybenefitedthedeathofMongolia,andweretheshameofConfucianists.YaoShuandXuHengshiwerethefirst.Although,itistheshameoftheConfuciantobeevilenough?ThewayofagentlemanisdetailedintheSixClassics,Language,andMencius.

GuSili'sSelectedPoemsoftheYuanDynasty:DuringtheSongandJinDynasties,therewerestillmanysoldiers,theeditionsscatteredanddied,solosangclassics,clarifiedtheway,laterfamousConfucianismfollowedoneafteranother,QiyunChanglong,whosearticleiselegant,revertstothemeritsofLanzhanchuan.

KeShaomin's"HistoryoftheNewYuan":LiuBingzhong,ZhangWenqian,DouMo,YaoShu,allShizu'shiddenresidencesandofficials,praisedtheplantoachievegreatcause.

CaiDongfan's"TheRomanceofYuanHistory":KublaiKhanopenedhismansiontoMonan,andusedYaoShu,XuHeng,andLianXixiantogoverntheway.

QianJibo's"HistoryofChineseLiterature":ThebeginningoftheNorthernLearning,therealityislargeandself-contained....TakingConfucianismasthefoundingministeroftheYuanDynasty.

Anecdotes

In1235,theMongolianarmyconqueredtheSongDynastyinthesouth.Doctors,calligraphers,andallscholarshangoutasprisoners,andthentheycanreturn.”Later,whentheYuanarmybrokethroughDe'an,Hubei,theycapturedthesecluded"Mr.Jianghan"ZhaoFu.YaoShuhasgreatrespectforZhaoFu'spersonalityandacademics.

YaoShuwillbringZhaoFuwithhim,eatandlivewithhim.LookingatYaoShu,whowas"long-beardedinuniform",ZhaoFutonfeltthathehadfallenintothehandsofaforeignrace,feelingsadandunstoppable.WhenYaoShuwasasleepinthedeadofnight,heescapedquietly.YaoShuwokeup,sweatingoutofshock,ridingahorsebythemoon,steppingonthecorpse,andchasingdesperately.Afterchasingtoariver,ZhaoFuwaswalkingtowardsthemiddleoftheriver,"withhishairandbarefeet,hornsuptothesky"underthecoldwaningmoon.YaoShurolledoffhishorse,ranintothewater,draggedhimbacktoZhaoFu,andthen"wronglypersuadedhim":"RuCun,thedescendantsmaybepassedontohundredsofgenerations."

Althoughthemanwasrescued,ZhaoFu"becauseofNinetribesarealldisabled,"andhestillhadnointentionoffollowingYaoShutogonorth.YaoShusaidthathewouldwinhisrespectbypreachingjustice.ZhaoFuthenreluctantlyagreedtogonorthandgiftedhisowncollectionofmorethan8,000volumesof"ChengZhuChuanZhuZhuShu".YaoShu.

InterpersonalRelations

Father:YaoYuan,JinMowasthejudgeofXuzhouRecords.

Son:YaoWei,whosenameisGuangfu,isanofficialinPingzhangofShaanxiProvince.Asagift,hewasawardedthetitleof"Wenzhong"astheposthumousposthumousposthumoustitleof"WenZhong"astheposthumousposthumousposthumousposthumousposthumousposthumousposthumousofficeroftheloyalty,Bingde,andgovernor,Guanglu,thePingzhangpoliticalaffairsofHenanprovince,andthepillarofthecountry.

IndexofHistoricalData

"Mu'anCollection·Volume15·ZhongshuZuoChengyaoLiteratureGongshendaoStele"

"LectureofFamousMinistersofYuanDynasty·Volume9·ZuoChengYaoWenwenGong"

"YuanHistory·Volume158·Biographies45"

"SongYuanXueAn·VolumeNinety·LuZhaiXueAn"

"XinyuanHistory·Volume157·Biography54"

CommemorationofLaterGenerations

TheYaoshufamilycemeteryislocatedinBeihuanRoad,HuixianCityInadditiontoYaoShuhimself,celebritiesincludetheYuanDynastywriterYaoSui(thenephewofYaoShu),andthepoliticalofficerofPingzhangYaoWei(thenephewofYaoShu)intheYuanDynasty.Inthe1950sand1960s,thecemeterywasshadedbygreencypresses,andthecemeterywaslushandgreen.Thestonehorsesandsheepinfrontofthetombwereneatlyarranged,whichcanberegardedasasceneinHuixian.ButthecurrentsituationisthatYaoSui'stombisnolongerthere.YaoWei'stombisembeddedintheroad,andYaoShu'stombisovergrownwithweedsandrubble.Fortunately,behindYaoShu'stomb,awildbigchrysanthemumtreehasahugecanopylikeanumbrellatoprotecthimfromwindandrain.