Standardsandstandardization
Standardizationstrategy
Standardsarethesummaryofscience,technologyandpracticalexperience.Inordertoobtainthebestorderwithinacertainrange,theactivityofformulatingcommonandrepeatedrulesforactualorpotentialproblems,thatis,theprocessofformulating,issuingandimplementingstandards,iscalledstandardization.Thetechnologicalinnovationsystemfromtheperspectiveoftheopencomplexgiantsystemtheoryregardsstandardizationasanimportantsupportfortheinnovation2.0-orientedtechnologicalinnovationsystem,aswellasthetechnologicalinnovationsystemandtheimportantaxisofthetechnology2.0intheknowledgesocietyenvironment.Asearlyasthe1970s,QianXuesenstoodatthestrategicheightofcopingwiththedevelopmentenvironmentofmodernizationandinternationalization,andproposedtovigorouslystrengthenstandards,standardizationworkandscientificresearch.Throughstandardsandstandardizationwork,aswellastheimplementationofrelatedtechnologypolicies,acceleratetechnologyaccumulation,scientificandtechnologicalprogress,achievementpromotion,innovationdiffusionandindustrialupgrading.
Accordingtothescopeofeconomiceffects,standardscanbedividedintointernationalstandards,regionalstandards,nationalstandards,regionalstandards,industrystandardsandcorporatestandards;accordingtothecontent,theycanbedividedintocompatibilitystandards,qualitystandardsandreductions.Diversificationstandards;accordingtoitsproductionprocess,itcanbedividedintoinstitutionalstandardsanddefactostandards(producedinmarketcompetition).Standardizationisforthebenefitofthepublic.Itiscarriedoutbyallpartiesconcernedtounifythematerialandnon-materialobjectsinaplannedway.Itcannotonlypromotetherationalizationprocessoftheeconomic,scientificandtechnologicalcirclesandmanagementdepartmentstoprovidequalityassurance,butalsoprovidequalityassurance.Itcontributestothesafetyofpeopleandthingsandtheimprovementofqualityinallareasoflife,anditmustnotbringspecialeconomicbenefitstoindividualpeople.
Theroleofstandardization
Standardizationcanenhancecorporatesocialreputation
Intoday’ssociety,productcompetitionbetweencompaniesisnolongerapricecompetition,butBrandcompetition,andbrandisreflectedbythequalityofthecompany'sproductsandafter-salesservice.Theadoptionofstandardizationbyanenterprisecanpromotetheestablishmentofanenterprise'sbrandimageandimproveitssocialreputation.Forexample,ifanenterpriseadoptstheISOproductqualitycertificationsystem,itshowsthatthecompanyhasreachedacertainlevelintermsofproductquality.Forsomehighlyspecializedproducts,consumersoruserslackknowledgeinthisarea.Whentheychooseproducts,theyrelytoalargeextentontherecommendationsofotherconsumersorusers,thecertificationthatthecompanyhaspassed,andtheamountofstandardizationadopted.
Standardizationcanreducethenationaleconomyandenterprisecosts
Theadoptionofstandardizationimprovesthecompatibilityofenterpriseproductsandreducesthehugeamountofinconsistencybetweenenterpriseproducts.Socialwaste.Inaddition,enterprisescanavoidrelyingonacertainsupplierthroughstandardization,becauseothersupplierscansupplementthemarketbasedonopenstandards,sothesupplychannelsofenterprisescontinuetoincrease.Theincreaseinthenumberofsuppliershasintensifiedthecompetitionamongsuppliers,therebypromotingthecontinuousimprovementofproductqualityandthecontinuousreductionofprices.Therefore,standardizationcanreducethecostofenterprises.
Standardizationisconducivetotheformationofstrategicalliancesbetweenenterprises
Standardizationhasformedaunifiedproductandtechnicalrulesystem.Inthiscase,itmakesthecooperationbetweenenterprisesandtheformationofstrategicallianceseasier.Standardizationlevelcooperationisveryimportantforcompanies,becausethroughcollaborationeffects,thepotentialforcostreductionandthepossibilityofsuccesswillincrease.Theestablishmentofstrategicalliancescanbringaboutrisksharing,technologysharing,economiesofscale,andfixedcostsharingforenterprises.
Standardizationcanbreaktechnicaltradebarriers
Thebreakingoftechnicaltradebarriersisbeneficialtoexports.
Developedcountriescontinuetosetuptechnicalbarriersthroughvariousnationalorregionalstandardstopreventproductsfromdevelopingcountriesfromenteringtheirmarkets.Standardsareusedasnon-tarifftradebarriersagainstotherstandardsintheregionaleconomy.IfanenterprisepassestheISOorIECstandardsintheglobalmarketandthecorrespondingENstandardsintheEuropeanmarket,itcanbreakthetechnicalbarrierssetbydevelopedcountriesandincreaseexports.
Standardizationandtechnologicalinnovation
Standardsarethesummaryofscience,technologyandpracticalexperience.Thetechnologicalinnovationsystemfromtheperspectiveoftheopencomplexgiantsystemtheoryregardsstandardizationasanimportantsupportforthenext-generationinnovationofthetechnologicalinnovationsystem,andiscalledthetechnologicalinnovationsystemandtheimportantaxisoftechnology2.0intheknowledgesocietyenvironment;standardizationisalsomodernUrbanmanagementisdifferentfromtraditionalcitymanagement,modernmanagementisdifferentfromtraditionalmanagement,andmodernserviceindustryisdifferentfromtheimportantcharacteristicsoftraditionalserviceindustry[1].Asearlyasthe1970s,QianXuesenproposedtostrengthenstandardizationworkandscientificresearchtodealwiththemodernandinternationaldevelopmentenvironment[2].Withthedevelopmentofscience,technologyandsocialeconomicpractice,standardizationisanevolvingdynamicprocess.Thedynamicstandardizationprocessreflectstheevolutionoftechnologicalinnovation.Thecombinationofstandardizationandintellectualpropertyrightscanhelppromoteindependentinnovation,andthefurthercombinationofstandardizationandAIP's"threeinspections"willdriveopeninnovation.Throughtheimplementationofstandardizationandrelatedtechnicalpolicies,itispossibletointegrateandguidesocialresources,activatescientificandtechnologicalelements,promoteindependentinnovationandopeninnovation,andacceleratetechnologicalaccumulation,technologicalprogress,achievementpromotion,innovationdiffusion,industrialupgrading,andcomprehensiveeconomic,social,andenvironmental,Coordinatedandsustainabledevelopment.
Howdoesmycountryformulateastandardizationstrategy
Inviewoftheimportantpositionandroleofstandardsandstandardization,theUnitedStates,Japan,Canada,andEUcountriesallregardstandardizationasanimportantnationalstrategy.Drawinglessonsfromthestandardizationstrategyofdevelopedcountries,mycountryshouldstartfromthefollowingaspectswhenformulatingitsstandardizationstrategy:
1.Clarifythefocusofthestandardizationstrategyandparticipateintheformulationofinternationalstandards
Thetrendofsocialdevelopmentdeterminesthefocusofmycountry'sstandardizationstrategy.Consumersallovertheworldattachimportancetothehealth,safetyandenvironmentalprotectionofproducts,anddevelopedcountriescontinuetosetuptechnicaltradebarrierstoourproductsonthegroundsofhealth,safetyandenvironmentalprotection.Therefore,ourcountryshouldfocusitsstrategyonwhatthepublicisveryconcernedabout.Health,safety,environmentalprotectionandothersocialhotissues.
2.Thegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetostandardizationandprovidespolicyandfinancialsupport
TheChinesegovernmentshouldattachgreatimportancetostandardizationandprovidepolicyandfinancialsupportforthestandardizationprocessofenterprises.
Inthe"NationalIndustrialTechnologyStrategy(OverallStrategy)"formulatedinApril2000,Japanproposedtomaximizethepopularizationandapplicationoftechnologydevelopmentresults,andregardstandardizationasawaytonewtechnologiesandmarkets.Adeepunderstandingoftheimportanceofresearchanddevelopmentforthepurposeofstandardization.USregulations:NISTparticipatesinANSI'sboardofdirectorsandprovidesfinancialsupportforinternationalstandardizationactivitiesorganizedbyANSI.Canadaencouragestheuseofstandardsinregulationsandpublicpolicyformulation.
3.Activelyparticipateintheformulationofnationalandregionalstandards
Formanyyears,WesternEuropeancountriesandtheUnitedStatesdominatedbyBritain,France,andGermany.Alotofenergyandtimehavebeendevotedtointernationalandregionalstandardizationactivities,inanattempttocontrolthetechnicalpowerofinternationalstandardizationforalongtime,andsparenoefforttoturndomesticstandardsintointernationalstandards.
4.Activelycultivatestandardizationtalents
Comparedwithdevelopedcountries,ourcountrylackstalents,andthereisalackoftalentswhoarefamiliarwithISO/IECinternationalstandardreviewrulesandhaveprofessionalknowledge.Therefore,itisdifficultformycountrytoplayaroleintheinternationalstandardizationwork,andtheinternationalstandardsthatmycountryparticipatesintheformulationoftheinternationalstandardsareminimal.
5.Makethestandard-settingsystemmoreflexibleandincreaseparticipation
Thebeneficiariesofstandardizationinvolvetheentirecountry,enterprisesandconsumers.Therefore,thestandardformulationprocessshouldbeEncouragetheparticipationofallsectorsofsociety,sothatthestandardscanreflecttheinterestsofthevastmajorityofpeople.