Shenyang

Historicalevolution

Thirtythousandyearsago,therewerehumanactivitiesinShenyangduringthePaleolithicperiod.

7200yearsago,abranchoftheChinesenation(sunbirdtotemculture)farmed,fishedandhuntedhere,thrivedandthrived,creatinganewmusicculture.

In300BC,GeneralQinKaioftheStateofYanledhisarmytoexpelDonghuandbuiltawaitingcityhere.Asthenamesuggests,"Houcheng"isthecityoflookout,underthejurisdictionofXiangpingCounty,YanliaodongCounty.

In221BC,afterQinShihuangunifiedChina,theworldwasdividedinto36counties,andShenyangwassubordinatetoWangpingCounty,LiaodongCounty.

IntheHanDynasty,therearehistoricalbookscalledit"houcheng",whichbelongstoWangpingCounty,LiaodongCountyoftheHanDynasty.ItwasthegoverningofficeofthecaptaininthemiddleofLiaodongCounty,indicatingthatthe"houcheng"wasquitelargeintheWesternHanBig.

DuringtheThreeKingdomsperiod,GongsunduinLiaoningwassetupwithPingzhou,underwhichtherewereLiaodongCounty,ChangliCounty,XuantuCounty,LiaoxiCounty,LelangCounty,DaifangCounty,etc.Thecountywassetupasacounty.ShenyangbelongstotheXuantucountygovernmentoffice.

IntheGoguryeoperiod,itbelongedtothecityofLiaodong.

DuringtheTangDynasty,itbelongedtothe"Shenzhou"ofAnDongDuhu.

DuringtheFiveDynasties,YeluAbaojimovedtheHanpeopletothisplaceonalargescale,builtatucheng,andtheproductiondevelopedaccordingly,belongingtoShenzhou.

DuringtheJinDynasty,WanyanAguattackedandcapturedShenzhou,usingthename"Shenzhou".

InthethirdyearofYuanzhenintheYuanDynasty(1296),theTuchengwasrebuiltintheYuanDynasty,andShenzhouwaschangedto"ShenyangRoad",whichwasunderthejurisdictionofLiaoyangProvince.Sincethen,thename"Shenyang"hasformallyappearedinhistoricaldata,withahistoryofmorethan700years.

InthenineteenthyearofHongwuintheMingDynasty(1386),theMingDynastychangeditsnameto"ShenyangRoad"as"ShenyangZhongwei".

InthesixthyearoftheMandateofHeaven(1621),theQingarmycapturedShenyang.

InthetenthyearoftheMandateofHeaven(1625),QingTaizuNurhachimovedthecapitalfromLiaoyangtoShenyangZhongwei,andbegantobuildtheimperialpalaceinShenyang(nowShenyangImperialPalace).

InthefirstyearofTianCong(1627),EmperorTaizongoftheQingDynastyandEmperorTaijiexpandedthecityofShenyangonalargescaleandbuiltShengjingEightGatesinShenyang.

IntheeighthyearofTianCong(1634),EmperorTaizongoftheQingDynastyrespectedShenyangasthe"ShengJing",soitwascalled"ShengJing".

InthefirstyearofChongde(1636),MongoliareturnedtotheQingDynastyandusedwhitecamelstocarryMongoliansacredobjects—MahagaraGoldenBuddhaandChuanguoJadeSealtoShenyang.EmperorTaizongoftheQingDynastyorderedtobuildtheLotusPureLandShishengTemple.BecauseitwasthefamilytempleoftheQingimperialfamily,itwasalsocalledtheimperialtemple.

InthefirstyearofChongde(1636),theManchu,Mongolian,andHantribespresentedatableofpersuasion.HuangTaijiproclaimedhimselfemperorinShenyangandchangedthenametotheQingDynasty.

IntheeighthyearofChongde(1643),EmperorTaizongoftheQingDynastyorderedtheemperorofEmperorTaijitobuildfourtowersandfourtemplesintheeast,west,southandnorthwiththeancientcityofShenyangasthecenter.Toensurethat"FengGuoAnMin,FiveFusicome".

InthefirstyearofShunzhi(1644),aftertheQingDynastyZufumovedthecapitaltoBeijing,Shengjing(nowShenyang)becametheaccompanyingcapital.

BeginninginthefirstyearofShunzhi(1644),theQingdynastyimplementedanimmigrationincentivepolicyandallocatedpeoplefromvariousprovincesintheMainlandtocultivatehere.Sincethen,peoplefromHebei,Henan,Shandong,andShanxihavecomeheretosettledownandcultivate,andmostofthevillagesintheNortheastwereestablishedafterthefirstyearofShunzhi.

IntheeighthyearofShunzhi(1651),theQinggovernmentpromulgatedthe"RegulationsforReclamationofPeopleinLiaodong",whichstipulatedthat"everyfarmerswhomigratedshouldbeprovidedwithonebucketoffoodpermonth,andsixlitersofseedsperreclaimedland.Kenminloaned20cattleforevery100people,ofwhichthefoodandseedswillbepaidbackaftertheautumnharvest.""Whenevernewpeoplearerecruited,theywillbesenttothegovernmentandthecountyofficialswillbegiventworopestothefoundation,whichisaboutthirtyfeet(about30feet).Onthe2nd)inthewild,eachonewillgivefiveropes(25mu)ofland,anditwillalwaysbeacivilianindustry."

InthefourteenthyearofShunzhi(1657),FengtianPalacewasestablishedinShengjingCity(nowShenyang)withthemeaningof“FengtianCarryingTransport”.Shenyangisalsoknownas“Fengtian”.DuringtheQingDynasty,theShuntianMansionwasonlyestablishedinBeijing,andFengtianMansioninShengjingCitywasnamedalongwithit,whichshowsthehighstandard.

InthefifteenthyearofShunzhi(1658),theQinggovernmentstipulatedthat“dependingonthesizeofthecultivatedarea,thepromotionoflocalofficialsmaybedecided,orplaquesmaybegiventoshowpraise.”Thepolicyisveryfavorable.Manyvillageswererelocatedinmanyplaces,andsomelocalofficialsledthemtopromotetherelocation.ThisistheeventofthetransferofpeopleduringtheShunzhiperiodinthebook.TheancestorsofmanypeopleinShenyangweretransferredfromthepeopleduringtheShunzhiperiod..

InthesecondyearofKangxi(1663AD),the"LiaodongRecruitmentOrder"waspromulgated,whichstipulatedthat"100peopleinLiaodongshouldberecruitedwithoutanexamination,andtheywillberecruitedbythecountymagistrate."

InthefourthyearofYongzheng(1727),withtheincreasingimmigration,theQinggovernmentestablishedYongjiPrefectureinWulaCity,JilinProvince(nowJilinCity,JilinProvince),andNinggutaCity(nowNing'an,Heilongjiang)InTainingCounty,ChangningCountywasestablishedinBodune(nowNingjiangDistrict,SongyuanCity,thejunctionofInnerMongolia,Jilin,andHeilongjiang),andwasmanagedbyFengtianfu(nowShenyang).

InthethirdyearofXuantong(1911),aftertheRevolutionof1911,ShenyangbecamethecapitalundertheruleofZhangZuolin.

InthetwelfthyearoftheRepublicofChina(1923),theFengtianMunicipalOfficewasformallyestablished,andShenyangfirstappearedinthecity'sorganizationalsystem.

Inthe16thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1927),afterthe"August7th"meetingoftheParty,thePartyCentralCommitteedecidedtosendChentoformtheManchuriaProvincialCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinainordertounifytheleadershipoftheNortheastPartyorganization.

InSeptemberintheseventeenthyearoftheRepublicofChina(1928),theManchuriaProvincialInterimCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaconvenedthethirdpartymembercongressinShenyang.TheconferencedecidedtochangetheManchuriaInterimCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinatotheManchuriaProvincialCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina..ChenWeiren,LiuShaoqi,ChenTanqiu,LuoDengxianandotherssuccessivelyservedassecretaryoftheprovincialpartycommittee.

OnDecember29,1928,ZhangXueliangannouncedthattheNortheasthadchangeditsflag.

OnFebruary5thintheeighteenthyearoftheRepublicofChina(1929),thenameofFengtianProvincewaschangedtoLiaoningProvince,andonApril2nd,"FengtianCity"waschangedto"ShenyangCity".

InthetwentiethyearoftheRepublicofChina(1931),theJapaneseimperialistslaunchedthe"September18Incident"andinvadedShenyang.TheChineseAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout,andtheJapanesepuppetschanged"ShenyangCity"to"FengtianCity.",AndthentheestablishmentofthePuppetManchukuo.

Inthethirty-fourthyearoftheRepublicofChina(1945),theAnti-JapaneseWarwasvictoriousandtheNortheastwasrecovered.Thename"FengtianCity"wasrestoredto"ShenyangCity".

ShenyangwasofficiallyliberatedonNovember2ndinthe37thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1948).

In1953,ShenyangwaschangedtoamunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernment.

In1954,ShenyangwaschangedtoacityunderthejurisdictionofLiaoningProvince.

In1964,theLiaoningProvincialPartyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinadecidedtoestablishShenyangPrefecture.

In1993,FakuandKangpingCountyoftheoriginalTielingCitywereplacedunderthejurisdictionofShenyang,andXinminCountywasremovedfromthecountyandestablishedasacity.

In1994,Shenyangwasupgradedtoasub-provincialcity.

In2002,ShenyangEconomicandTechnologicalDevelopmentZonewasmergedintoTiexiDistrict.

In2006,ShenbeiNewDistrictwasestablished.

OnJune17,2014,withtheapprovaloftheStateCouncil,itwasagreedtochangethenameofDonglingDistrictofShenyangCitytoHunnanDistrict.

OnJanuary7,2016,withtheapprovaloftheStateCouncil(GuoHan[2016]No.6),LiaozhongCountywasrevokedandtheLiaozhongDistrictofShenyangCitywasestablished.Theoriginaladministrativeareaof​​LiaozhongCountywasLiaozhongTheadministrativeareaof​​thedistrict.

Administrativedivisions

Shenyanghasjurisdictionover13county-leveladministrativedistricts,including10municipaldistricts,1county-levelcity,and2counties.ThePeople'sGovernmentofShenyangCityislocatedatNo.206-3,ShenzhongStreet,HunnanDistrict.

Administrativedistrictname

Residence

Street

town

township

MinzuTownship

Area(squarekilometers)

Administrativedivisioncode

Postalcode

ShenyangCity

HunnanDistrict

112

53

11

5

12980

210100

110000

HepingDistrict

SouthMarketStreet

10

-

-

-

61

210102

110003

ShenheDistrict

HuangchengStreet

11

-

-

-

53

210103

110011

DadongDistrict

JinqiaoStreet

10

-

-

-

105

210104

110041

HuangguDistrict

BeitaStreet

10

-

-

-

67

210105

110031

TiexiDistrict

DugongStreet

14

-

-

-

277

210106

110020

SujiatunDistrict

JiefangStreet

12

-

-

-

781

210111

110100

HunnanDistrict

ShenzhongStreet

12

-

-

-

793

210112

110179

ShenbeiNewDistrict

XinchengziStreet

10

-

-

-

831

210113

110121

YuhongDistrict

WelcomeBinluStreet

10

-

-

-

499

210114

110141

LiaozhongDistrict

PudongStreet

4

16

-

-

1647

210115

110200

XinminCity

XinliuStreet

4

20

4

-

3315

210181

110300

KangpingCounty

ShengliStreet

3

5

3

4

2231

210123

110500

FakuCounty

JiangsuStreet

2

12

4

1

2320

210124

110400

GeographicalEnvironment

Location

ShenyangislocatedinthesouthernpartofNortheastChina,inthecentralpartofLiaoningProvince,connectedtotheLiaodongPeninsulainthesouth,andthefoothillsofChangbaiMountaininthenorth.ItislocatedintheBohaiRimEconomicCircleItisanimportantjunctionbetweentheBohaiRimandtheNortheast.Itislocatedbetween41°48′11.75″Nlatitudeand123°25′31.18″Elongitude,withatotalareaof​​12,866,000squarekilometers.

Landform

ShenyangislocatedinthemiddleoftheLiaohePlain,withthehillsandmountainsintheeastofLiaodong,andthehillsinthenorthofLiaobei.Theterrainisgraduallyopenandflattothewestandsouth.Transitionintoalargealluvialplain.Theterrainextendsfromnortheasttosouthwest,withbothsidesslopingtothemiddle.ThehighestpointisShirenMountaininLaoshigou,MagangTownship,ShenbeiNewDistrict,withanelevationof441meters;thelowestpointisQianzuojiaVillageinYujiafang,LiaozhongDistrict,withanelevationof5meters.ThetopographyofHuangguDistrict,HepingDistrictandShenheDistrictisslightlyundulating,andtheheightisbetween41.45meters.

ShenyangHunnanDistrictismostlyhillyandmountainous;therearesomehillsandmountainsinthenorthernpartofShenbeiNewDistrict,anditisgraduallyflattothesouth;SujiatunDistrict,exceptforsomehillymountainsinthesouth,isthesameasYuhongDistrictinmostareas.Itisanalluvialplain.MostareasofXinminCityandLiaozhongDistrictarealluvialplainsoftheLiaoRiverandHunRiver,withafewswampsandsanddunes,andsomehillsscatteredinthenorthofXinminCity.Theareaof​​thecity'slowmountainsandhillsis1,020squarekilometers,accountingfor12%ofthecity'stotalarea.Thepiedmontalluvial-proluvialslopingplainisdistributedonthewesternslopeoftheeasternmountainousarea,expandingtothesouthwest.

Shenyangmountainoushillsareconcentratedinthenortheastandsoutheast,whichisanextensionofthehillsofeasternLiaoning.TothewestisthealluvialplainsoftheLiaoheandHunherivers,andtheterraingentlyslopesfromeasttowest.Thecity'shighestaltitudeis447.2meters,inFakuCounty;thelowestaltitudeis5.3meters,inYujiafangTown,LiaozhongDistrict.TheeasternpartofShenyangislowmountainsandhills,andthecentralandwesternpartsarevastplains.Itslopesfromnortheasttosouthwest,withanaverageelevationof30-50meters.

Climate

Shenyanghasatemperatesemi-humidcontinentalclimatewithanaverageannualtemperatureof6.2～9.7℃.Since1951,thehighesttemperatureattheanodeendofShenyanghasbeen38.4℃(2018August2nd),theextrememinimumtemperatureinthecentralurbanareawas-32.9℃(January15,2001),andthelowesttemperatureinthesuburbsinrecentyearswas-35.4℃(ShenbeiNewDistrictonJanuary11,2001);ShenyangalsoobservedbeforeToahightemperatureof39.3°C(1920)andalowtemperatureof-33.1°C(1950).

Shenyanghasanannualprecipitationof600-800mm,andtheannualaverageprecipitationintheurbanareafrom1951to2010is716.2mm.Theannualfrost-freeperiodis155-180days.Affectedbythemonsoon,precipitationisconcentratedinsummer,withlargetemperaturedifferencesandfourdistinctseasons.Thewinterhasalongerperiodofcold,withlesssnowfallinthepastsixmonths.Themaximumsnowfallwasa47.0mmblizzardonMarch4,2007;thesummerperiodwasshorterandrainy.Therewasa215.5mmtorrentialrainonAugust21,1973..Thetemperaturechangesrapidlyinspringandautumn,andthedurationisshort:windyinspringandsunnyinautumn.

Hydrology

Thereare27largeandsmallrivers,suchasLiaoheRiver,HunheRiver,RaoyangRiver,LiuheRiver,PuheRiver,YangximuRiver,BeishaRiverandXiushuiRiver,inShenyangCity.TheLiaoheRiverandHunheRiverhavetotalwaterresourcesof3.26billioncubicmeters,ofwhichsurfacewateris1.14billioncubicmetersandgroundwateris2.12billioncubicmeters.

Naturalresources

Waterresources

TwothirdsoftherainfallinShenyangareconcentratedinJulyandAugust,andmostofthemfallintheformofheavyrain.Theannualrainfallis622.5millimeters,equivalentto8.08billionwaterresistance,theaveragetotalwaterresourcesformanyyearsis2.253billioncubicmeters.Theaveragetotalwaterresourcesintheterritoryformanyyearsare3.343billioncubicmeters,including1.3billioncubicmetersofsurfacewaterresourcesand2.368billioncubicmetersofgroundwaterresources.Theamountofrepetitivecalculationis325millioncubicmeters,andthecity’smulti-yearaverageavailablewaterresourcesare2.314billioncubicmeters,ofwhich380millionmillilitersofsurfacewatercanbeused,and1.934billioncubicmetersofgroundwatercanbeexploited.

MineralResources

Therearecoal,oil,naturalgas,ironoreandothermineralresourcesundergroundinShenyang.Thereare2largecoalfieldswithatotalprovenstorageof1.8billiontons.Asof2015,Shenyanghasprovenoilreservesof300milliontons,dailycrudeoilproductionofmorethan1,000tons,andironorereservesof25milliontons.Inaddition,therearemineralresourcessuchasaluminum,granite,andclay.

Biologicalresources

ShenyangislocatedattheintersectionoftheChangbaiflora,theMongoliafloraandtheNorthChinaflora.Thereareabundantplantspecies,including98families,371generaand779ofseedplants.Species,thelargestfamilyisCompositae.Thereare85speciesofplants,andmorethan20familiesincludeCyperaceae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Polygonaceae,Lamiaceae,LiliaceaeandRanunculaceae.Thereare384speciesofplantsinthesefamilies,accountingforthetotalnumberofseedplantsinShenyang.Of49.3%.Thisflorahas23typesofgeographicalcomponents,ofwhichtemperatenatureisdominant.Itaccountsfor89.3%ofthegeographicalcompositionofShenyangurbanarea.Accordingtotheoccurrenceandfunctionofvegetationandtheroleofconstructivespecies,urbanvegetationinShenyangurbanareaisdividedintothreemajorvegetationtypes,14vegetationgroupsand57vegetationtypes.

Population

Accordingtotheresultsoftheseventhnationalcensus,asofNovember1,2020,thepermanentpopulationofShenyangis90,700,93,whichisthesameasthesixthnationalcensusin2010.Comparedwith8,106,171people,atotalof963,922peopleincreasedin10years,anincreaseof11.89%.Theaverageannualgrowthrateis1.13%.

Amongthecity’spermanentpopulation,themalepopulationis4,521,021,accountingfor49.85%;thefemalepopulationis4,549,072,accountingfor50.15%.Thesexratioofthetotalpopulation(100women,theratioofmentowomen)droppedfrom102.10inthesixthnationalcensusin2010to99.38.

Amongthecity’spermanentpopulation,thepopulationaged0-14is1,033,638,accountingfor11.40%;thepopulationaged15-59is5,928,324,accountingfor65.36%;thepopulationaged60andaboveis2,108,131,accountingfor23.24%Amongthem,thepopulationof65yearsandoveris1,403,246,accountingfor15.47%.Comparedwiththesixthnationalcensusin2010,theproportionofpeopleaged0-14increasedby1.63percentagepoints,theproportionofpeopleaged15-59fellby9.57percentagepoints,andtheproportionofpeopleaged60andaboveroseby7.94percentagepoints.Theproportionofthepopulationofandaboveincreasedby5.10percentagepoints.

Thecityhasatotalof3,748,824familyhouseholds,199849collectivehouseholds,familyhouseholdswith8,172,935people,andcollectivehouseholdswith897,158people.Theaveragepopulationofeachhouseholdis2.18persons,0.47personslessthanthe2.65personsinthesixthnationalcensusin2010.

Nation

Duringthelonghistoryofdevelopment,Shenyanghasgraduallyformedamulti-ethnicsettlementwiththeHanasthemainbody.TheHannationalityisaresidentofShenyangsincethefoundingofShenyang(Houcheng).ThemajorityofethnicminoritiesareManchu,Korean,Hui,XibeandMongolian.ShenyangisthebirthplaceoftheManchudynasty.Since1625,AixinjueluoNurhachimovedtheHoujincapitalfromLiaoyangtoShenyang.AlargenumberofManchupopulationshavelivedinShenyang.TheKoreansareimmigrantswhowereforcedtomovefromtheKoreanPeninsuladuringWorldWarII.TheymovedtoShenyangthroughJilinandothercitiesandcountiesinLiaoning,mainlyintheWestTowerareaof​​Shenyang.AsearlyastheMongolandYuanDynasty,theHuipeoplehadtheirancestorsinShenyang.InthelateMingandearlyQingdynasties,theymovedfromGuanneitoformsmallagglomerationareas.Later,mostofthemmovedtoShenyangfromInnerMongolia,Fuxin,Chaoyangandothercities.

Accordingtothefifthnationalcensusin2000,Shenyanghas41ethnicminorities.Namely:Manchu,Korean,Mongolian,Hui,Xibe,Tujia,Zhuang,Yi,Miao,Uygur,Tibetan,Daur,Buyi,Dong,Bai,Li,She,Yao,Tu,Gaoshan,Qiang,Ewenki,Hani,Gelao,Russian,Hezhe,Dai,Kazakh,Mulao,Oroqen,Shui,Naxi,Lhoba,Maonan,Jingpo,Salar,Kirgiz,Jing,Lahu,Tajik,Dongxiang.

Asof2015,theminoritypopulationinShenyangwas7,05044,accountingfor9.79%ofthecity'stotalpopulation.Amongthem,383,376areManchu,accountingfor54.38%ofthecity’stotalethnicminorities;94,600areKorean,accountingfor13.42%;94,530areMongolian,accountingfor13.41%;72,811areHui,accountingfor10.33%;54,628areXibe,accountingfor7.75%;Theother36ethnicminoritiesare5,099,accountingfor0.72%ofthetotalnumberofethnicminorities.Thecityhas7neighborhoodswhereethnicminoritiesliverelativelydensely,8ethnictownships(towns)and256ethnicvillages.

ThedistributionoftheethnicminoritiesinShenyangshowsthecharacteristicsoflargedispersionandsmallconcentration.Asof2015,theManchusmainlyliveinHunnanDistrictandYuhongDistrict,withatotalof113,119people,accountingfor29.51%ofthetotalnumberofManchusinthecity.KoreansmainlyliveinHepingDistrict,YuhongDistrict,HunnanDistrictandSujiatunDistrict,withatotalof65,259people,accountingfor68.98%ofthecity’sKoreanpopulation.MongoliansmainlyliveinXinminCity,FakuCountyandKangpingCounty,withatotalof58,652people,accountingfor62.05%oftheMongolianpopulationinthecity.TheHuipeoplemainlyliveinShenheDistrict,HuangguDistrictandTiexiDistrict,withatotalof34,266people,accountingfor47.06%ofthecity'sHuipopulation.XibepeoplemainlyliveinShenbeiNewDistrictandYuhongDistrict,withatotalof29,503people,accountingfor54.01%ofthecity'sXibepopulation.

Economy

Overview

ShenyangisthelargestcentralcityinNortheastChinaandthecorecityoftheShenyangEconomicZone(ShenyangMetropolitanArea)underconstruction.LocatedinthecenteroftheNortheastAsianEconomicCircleandtheBohaiRimEconomicCircle,ithasacompleterangeofindustriesandhasanimportantstrategicposition.Shenyangisoneofthecountry'sheavyindustrialbasesmainlybuiltintheearlydaysofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,withequipmentmanufacturingasthemainstay.Afterdecadesofdevelopment,Shenyanghas142industrialcategories.By2013,thereweremorethan4,000industrialenterprisesabovedesignatedsize,witharegionalGDPofmorethan700billionyuan.

InApril2016,ShenyangTechnologyIndustryDevelopmentZoneandDalianTechnologyIndustryZonewereupgradedtoShenyang-DalianNationalIndependentInnovationDemonstrationZone,becomingoneofthe14nationalindependentinnovationdemonstrationzonesinChina.ShendaDemonstrationZoneispositionedas"fourdistrictsandonecenter",namely,thehigh-endequipmentR&DandmanufacturingclusteroftheoldNortheastindustrialbase,thetransformationandupgradingareaof​​theoldNortheastindustrialbase,theinnovationandentrepreneurshipecologicalzoneoftheoldNortheastindustrialbase,andtheopeningandinnovationpilotareaof​​thenortheastoldindustrialbase,ScienceandTechnologyInnovationandEntrepreneurshipCenterinNortheastAsia.

In2020,thecity’sregionalproductionvaluewas657.16billionyuan,anincreaseof0.8%overthepreviousyearatcomparableprices.Intermsofindustries,theaddedvalueoftheprimaryindustrywas30.36billionyuan,anincreaseof2.9%;theaddedvalueofthesecondaryindustrywas216.04billionyuan,anincreaseof2.9%;theaddedvalueofthetertiaryindustrywas410.76billionyuan,adecreaseof0.6%.

Primaryindustry

In2020,thetotaloutputvalueofagriculture,forestry,animalhusbandryandfisheryinShenyangwillbe60.98billionyuan,anincreaseof2.8%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem:theoutputvalueofplantingindustrywas28.70billionyuan,anincreaseof2.5%;theoutputvalueofanimalhusbandrywas25.94billionyuan,anincreaseof3.1%;theoutputvalueofforestrywas960millionyuan,anincreaseof4.1%;theoutputvalueoffisherywas2.67billionyuan,anincreaseof2.6%;theoutputvalueofagriculture,forestry,animalhusbandryandfisheryservices2.70billionyuan,anincreaseof2.1%.Thetotalannualgrainoutputreached4.094milliontons,secondonlyto2019,thehighestinhistory.Theoutputofvegetablesincreasedsteadily,withatotaloutputof3.84milliontons,anincreaseof108,000tonsoverthepreviousyear.

Secondaryindustry

In2020,theaddedvalueofindustriesabovedesignatedsizewillincreaseby2.8%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,theaddedvalueofhigh-techmanufacturingfellby1.8%,accountingfor9.3%oftheaddedvalueofindustriesabovedesignatedsize.

Fromtheperspectiveofscale,theaddedvalueoflargeandmedium-sizedenterprisesincreasedby3.0%,andtheaddedvalueofsmallandmicroenterprisesincreasedby2.1%.Intermsofeconomictypes,thevalueaddedofstate-ownedenterprisesfellby7.3%,thevalueaddedofjoint-stockenterprisesfellby0.1%,thevalueaddedofforeign,HongKong,MacaoandTaiwan-investedenterprisesincreasedby4.9%,andthevalueaddedofprivateenterprisesincreasedby5.5%.

Intermsofcategories,thevalueaddedoftheminingindustrydecreasedby12.1%overthepreviousyear,thevalueaddedofthemanufacturingindustryincreasedby2.9%,andthevalueaddedoftheelectricity,heat,gasandwaterproductionandsupplyindustriesincreasedby4.1%.Inthemanufacturingindustry,theaddedvalueoftheequipmentmanufacturingindustryincreasedby2.6%,accountingfor64.3%oftheaddedvalueoftheindustrialenterprisesabovedesignatedsize.Amongthem,theautomobilemanufacturingindustryincreasedby5.1%,thespecialequipmentmanufacturingindustryincreasedby16.5%,theelectricalmachineryandequipmentmanufacturingindustryincreasedby2.7%,andtheinstrumentandmetermanufacturingindustryincreasedby9.2%.

In2020,industrialenterprisesabovedesignatedsizewillachieveoperatingincomeofRMB539.83billion,anincreaseof2.1%overthepreviousyear;thecostperhundredRMBofoperatingincomeisRMB77.02,adecreaseofRMB1.56comparedwiththepreviousyear;Theprofitmarginwas7.06%,anincreaseof1.19percentagepoints.Attheendoftheyear,theasset-liabilityratioofindustrialenterprisesabovedesignatedsizewas64.7%,adecreaseof2.0percentagepointsfromtheendofthepreviousyear.

In2020,industrialenterprisesabovedesignatedsizewillachieveaprofitof38.13billionyuan,anincreaseof22.9%overthepreviousyear.Intermsofeconomictypes,state-ownedenterpriseslost90millionyuan,areductionof80millionyuan;joint-stockenterprises1.57billionyuan,anincreaseof1.7%,foreignandHongKong,MacaoandTaiwan-investedenterpriseswere36.61billionyuan,anincreaseof23.8%;privateenterpriseswere4.15billionyuan,anincreaseof24.5%.Intermsofcategories,theminingindustrysufferedalossof570millionyuan,anincreasefromthepreviousyear;themanufacturingindustrywas37.50billionyuan,anincreaseof26.7%;theelectricity,heat,gasandwaterproductionandsupplyindustrieswere1.2billionyuan,adecreaseof20.1%.

In2020,constructionenterprisesabovethequalificationlevelwillcompleteatotaloutputvalueof156.78billionyuan,anincreaseof8.3%overthepreviousyear.

Tertiaryindustry

Fixedassetinvestment

In2020,fixedassetinvestmentwillincreaseby4.1%overthepreviousyear.Fromtheperspectiveofthethreemajorsectors,manufacturinginvestmentincreasedby10.0%;realestatedevelopmentinvestmentincreasedby5.2%;infrastructureinvestmentincreasedby1.0%.Fromtheperspectiveofinvestmententities,investmentinthestate-ownedeconomyincreasedby9.9%;investmentinforeignandHongKong,MacaoandTaiwaneconomiesincreasedby5.6%;privateinvestmentincreasedby1.3%.Intermsofindustrialdistribution,investmentintheprimaryindustryincreasedby29.9%;investmentinthesecondaryindustryincreasedby2.4%,ofwhichindustrialinvestmentincreasedby1.7%;andinvestmentinthetertiaryindustryincreasedby4.0%.

MajorprojectssuchasSiasunRobotFutureCity,SailunTire,EvergrandeMotor,EvergrandeShenbeiHigh-techAgriculture,NorthwestLiaoningWaterSupplyProject,ChinaUnicom5GProject,ShenyangMetroLine3Phase1Project,etc.Commencedconstruction,ShenyangBrillianceBMWproductupgrade(DadongplantandTiexiplant),BrillianceRenaultJinbeiproductupgrade,ShenyangEvergrandenewenergyautoparts,ShenyangEvergrandenewenergypowerbatterybase,NorthernMedicineValleyBiopharmaceuticalInternationalCDMObase,MajorprojectssuchasSAIC-GMBuickChevroletandEvergrandeCulturalTourismCityareprogressingsmoothly.

Inthewholeyear,theconstructionareaof​​houseswas71.118millionsquaremeters,anincreaseof7.3%,ofwhichresidentialbuildingswere52.119millionsquaremeters,anincreaseof9.5%;thenewlystartedareaof​​houseswas16.302millionsquaremeters,anincreaseof24.5%,ofwhichresidentialbuildingswere11.935millionsquaremeters.Meters,anincreaseof20.9%;thecompletedareaof​​houseswas6.495millionsquaremeters,adecreaseof2.5%,ofwhichresidentialbuildingswere5.144millionsquaremeters,adecreaseof3.6%.Thesalesareaof​​commercialhousingwas13.813millionsquaremeters,adecreaseof5.0%,ofwhichresidentialhousingwas12.855millionsquaremeters,adecreaseof5.6%.

Domestictrade

In2020,thetotalretailsalesofconsumergoodswillbe363.76billionyuan,adecreaseof5.4%fromthepreviousyear.Intermsofregions,urbanretailsaleswere293.03billionyuan,down6.4%;ruralretailsaleswere70.73billionyuan,down1.1%.Intermsofconsumptiontypes,retailsalesofgoodswere335.45billionyuan,adecreaseof4.5%;cateringrevenueswere28.31billionyuan,adecreaseof15.8%.

Theretailsalesofwholesaleandretailtradeenterprisesabovedesignatedsizewas148.64billionyuan,down6.6%fromthepreviousyear.Amongthem,theretailsalesofgrain,oilandfoodwere13.70billionyuan,anincreaseof4.7%;theretailsalesofclothing,shoesandhats,andknittingtextileswere15.32billionyuan,adecreaseof5.7%;theretailsalesofhouseholdappliancesandaudio-visualequipmentwas13.72billionyuan,adecreaseof20.9%;TheretailsalesofChineseandWesternmedicineswere8.09billionyuan,anincreaseof1.7%;theretailsalesofdailynecessitieswere6.55billionyuan,anincreaseof35.4%;theretailsalesofcommunicationequipmentwere8.70billionyuan,adecreaseof11.0%;theretailsalesofculturalandofficesupplieswere7.16billionyuan,adecreaseof9.8%;theretailsalesofautomobileswas43.06billionyuan,down1.8%.

Theannualonlineretailsalesofphysicalgoodsofunitsabovedesignatedsizewas42.08billionyuan,anincreaseof11.8%overthepreviousyear,accountingfor11.6%ofthetotalretailsalesofconsumergoods,anincreaseof1.8percentagepointsoverthepreviousyear.

ForeignEconomy

Thetotalimportandexportvolumein2020is102.81billionyuan,down4.2%fromthepreviousyear.Amongthem,thetotalimportvaluewas75.37billionyuan,down0.4%;thetotalexportvaluewas27.44billionyuan,down13.2%.

Intermsoftrademethods,amongthetotalimports,generaltradeimportswere66.95billionyuan,down2.0%;processingtradeimportswere7.89billionyuan,up23.3%.Amongthetotalexports,generaltradeexportswere19.76billionyuan,adecreaseof10.5%;processingtradeexportswere6.74billionyuan,adecreaseof16.0%.

Intermsofthenatureoftheenterprise,amongthetotalimports,state-ownedenterprisesimported3.67billionyuan;foreign-investedenterprisesimported67.69billionyuan;privateenterprisesimported3.84billionyuan.Amongthetotalexports,state-ownedenterprisesexported5.02billionyuan;foreign-investedenterprisesexported12.95billionyuan;privateenterprisesexported9.29billionyuan.

Intermsofcommodities,amongthetotalimports,importsofmechanicalandelectricalproductsare64.62billionyuan;importsofhigh-techproductsare10.10billionyuan;andimportsofagriculturalproductsare1.47billionyuan.Amongthetotalexports,exportsofmechanicalandelectricalproductswere18.27billionyuan;exportsofhigh-techproductswere5.46billionyuan.

Intermsofcountriesandregions,thereare209foreigntradecountriesandregions.ExportstoAsiaare11.31billionyuan;exportstoEuropeare6.31billionyuan;toNorthAmericais5.12billionyuan;toLatinAmericais2.27billionyuan;toAfricais1.43billionyuan;toOceaniais1.01billionyuan.

Inthewholeyear,192foreign-investedenterpriseswerenewlyestablished,withacontractualforeigninvestmentofUS$3.41billion,andactualuseofforeigncapital(calculatedundertheregisteredcapitaloftheMinistryofCommerce)ofUS$710million,anincreaseof2%overthepreviousyear.Theactualdomesticcapitalinplaceforthewholeyearwas111.66billionyuan,anincreaseof12.7%overthepreviousyear.Inthewholeyear,10non-financialoverseasinvestmentprojectswerenewlyapproved,withanagreedinvestmentamountofUS$66.25million;220newcontractsweresignedforforeigncontractedprojectsandlaborservicecooperation,withacontractvalueofUS$2.45billion,andacompletedturnoverofUS$840million;2447foreignersweredispatched.

Tourism

In2020,therewillbe116nationalA-levelscenicspots,321travelagenciesand50star-ratedhotelsinthecity.Thetotalannualtourismrevenuewas50.26billionyuan,adecreaseof42.6%fromthepreviousyear.Amongthem,domestictourismrevenuewas50.07billionyuan,adecreaseof41.0%,andinboundtourismrevenuewasUS$28million,adecreaseof93%;54.105milliondomesticandforeigntouristswerereceived,adecreaseof43.1%,ofwhich54.071millionweredomestictourists,adecreaseof42.6%.Thenumberofinboundtouristswas34,000,adecreaseof96.0%.Thereare78tourismprojectsunderconstructioninthecity,withaninvestmentof8.03billionyuanthatyear.

Finance

Attheendof2020,therewere56bankingfinancialinstitutionsinthecity,andthebalanceofdepositsindomesticandforeigncurrenciesoffinancialinstitutionswas1,944.25billionyuan,anincreaseof3.0overthebeginningoftheyear.%;Thebalanceofloansindomesticandforeigncurrencieswas1812.90billionyuan,anincreaseof7.8%overthebeginningoftheyear.

Attheendoftheyear,therewere2securitiescompanies,36securitiesbranches,and99securitiesbusinessdepartmentsinthecity.Theannualsecuritiestradingvolumewas3862.9billionyuan;therewere1futurescompany,9futuresbranchcompanies,and17futuresbrokeragecompanies.Onenewlistedcompanywasaddedthroughouttheyear,bringingthetotalto24.Thereare50newthree-boardenterprises.

Thereare447insuranceinstitutionsandoutletsinthecity.Theoriginalinsurancepremiumincomeforthewholeyearwas39.96billionyuan,anincreaseof5.6%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,propertyinsuranceoriginalinsurancepremiumincomewas11.3billionyuan,anincreaseof2.3%;lifeinsuranceoriginalinsurancepremiumincomewas20.82billionyuan,anincreaseof4.3%;personalaccidentinsuranceoriginalinsurancepremiumincomewas900millionyuan,anincreaseof1.7%;healthinsuranceoriginalinsurancepremiumsRevenuewas6.94billionyuan,anincreaseof17.2%.Thetotalamountofvariousindemnitiesandpaymentspaidthroughouttheyearwas16.26billionyuan,anincreaseof30.4%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,propertyinsurancecompensationexpenditurewas6.48billionyuan,anincreaseof6.6%;lifeinsurancecompensationexpenditurewas3.66billionyuan,adecreaseof11.9%;personalaccidentinsurancecompensationexpenditurewas190millionyuan,adecreaseof1.1%;healthinsurancecompensationexpenditurewas5.94billionyuan,anincreaseof188.5%.

Transportation

Highway

HuanchengRoad:ShenyangFirstRingRoad,ShenyangSecondRingRoad,ShenyangThirdRingRoad(ShenyangRingExpressway),ShenyangFourthRingRoad,ShenyangFifthRingRoad(planned,NewRingExpressway)andShenyangSixthRingRoad(ieCentralLiaoningRingExpressway).

Expressway:ShendaExpressway,Beijing-ShenzhenExpressway,ShenhaExpressway,ShenjiExpressway,ShendanExpressway,ShenzhangExpressway,ShenkangExpressway,ShenyangRingExpresswayandLiaoningCentralRingHighway,etc.

BusStation:Long-distanceBusTerminal,Long-distanceBusStation,ShenyangBusTerminal,LiaoningExpressBusTerminal,NorthRailwayStation,NantaBusTerminal,WuaiPassengerandFreightIntermodalTerminalandHunhePassengerandFreightIntermodalCenter.

Bridges:AsofJune2019,thereare18bridgesacrosstheHunheRiverbetweentheEastandWestFourthRingsinShenyangCity.

The18bridgesacrosstheHunheRiverare:CentralAvenueBridge,WestThirdRingBridge,YunlongLakeBridge,NanyangLakeBridge,ShengliBridge,GongnongBridge,SanhaoBridge,JinyangTunnel,HunheBridge,WuaiTunnel,FuminBridge,ChangqingBridge,DongtaBridge,WangjiawanBridge,XinlibaoBridge,DonglingBridge,BoguanBridge,GaokanBridge.

Cross-HunheBridge

Railway

ShenyangisoneoftherailwayhubsinNortheastChina,includingBeijing-HarbinRailway,Shen-DaRailway,Shen-JiRailway,Shen-DanRailway,Shen-JiaRailway,ShenshanRailway,SufuBranchLine,Harbin-DalianHighSpeed​​Railway,etc.Manymainrailwaylinesmeethere.ShenyangStation,ShenyangNorthStation,andShenyangSouthStationarethemainrailwaystationsinShenyang.OthersincludeHuanggutunStation,SujiatunStation,ShenyangWestStation,ShenyangEastStation,andBeijing-ShenzhenHigh-speedRailwayXinbeiStation(planned).Amongthem,ShenyangNorthRailwayStation,ShenyangRailwayStation,SujiatunRailwayStationandShenyangWestRailwayStationarethreespecialrailwaystations.ShenyangRailwayStationistherailwaystationwiththelargestpassengertransportationscaleinNortheastChina.TheShenyangSouthRailwayStation,whichwasputintousein2015,istheintersectionoftheHarbin-Dalian,Beijing-Shenzhen,andShendanhigh-speedrailways.

ShenyangStation,ShenyangNorthStation,ShenyangSouthStation,ShenyangWestStation,ShenyangEastStation

Aviation

ShenyangTaoxianInternationalAirportisanationalpublicaviationOneoftheeightregionalhubairportsinthecountryasdeterminedbythetransportationsystem,itisthelargestcomplexgatewayhubairportintheNortheast.TaoxianAirportislocatedinthecenterofShenyangMetropolitanArea.Itisasharedairportforeightcities,20kilometersawayfromShenyangcitycenter.ShenyangTaoxianInternationalAirportiscurrentlya4E-classnationalfirst-classtrunkairportandwillbeexpandedintoa4F-classcivilairportinthefuture.

ShenyangTaoxianInternationalAirporthasmanydomesticflightstomajorcitiesacrossthecountry.ItisawindowforconnectingcountriesinNortheastChina,includingflightstoHongKong,Taipei,Macau,Taichung,Tokyo,Pyongyang,Seoul,Cheongju,Daegu,Busan,Osaka,Sapporo,Fukuoka,Jeju,Frankfurt,LosAngeles,Sydney,Singapore,Bangkok,Paris,KualaLumpur,Nagoya,Vancouver,Melbourne,Munich,Moscow,Novosibirsk,Irkutsk,KhabarovInternationalandregionalroutestoSk,Phuket,Mokpoandotherplaces.By2015,itwillfocusonthedevelopmentofinternationalroutesfromShenyangtotheAsia-Pacificregion,EuropeandtheUnitedStates,andplanstoopeninternationalroutesfromShenyangtoChicago,SanFrancisco,Oakland,Romeandotherplaces.

Publictransportation

• Bus

Citiesattheendof2020Thereare321busoperatinglines,ofwhich20arenewlyopenedoradjusted,increasingtheoperatingmileageby90.6kilometers,andthelengthofbusoperatinglinesreaches5253.3kilometers;thereare6012busoperatingvehicles;thetotalnumberofpublictransportpassengersintheyearis670million.

• Taxi

Attheendof2020,therewillbe21,197taxisinthecity.

Shenyangtaxistartsat9yuan/3kilometers,andthemileageis1yuan/500meters.Theairconditioneristurnedonatnight(22:00pmto6:00thenextday)andsummer.ThestartingpriceisRMB10/3kilometers,andthemileagerateisRMB1/455meters.Ifthepassengerrequiresthattheairconditionerisnotturnedon,theairconditionershallnotbeturnedon.Air-conditioningfreightrate.

• Metro

ThefirstsubwaylineofShenyangMetrowaslaunchedonSeptember27,2010Openedfortrialoperation,itistheseventhcityinthecountrytohaveasubway.

AccordingtotheinformationontheofficialwebsiteofMay2020,ShenyangMetrohas4operatinglines,namely:Line1,Line2,Line9,andLine10,allofwhichareundergroundlineswithmileagelength114kilometers,atotalof85stations.

In2020,ShenyangMetrowillrealizenormalizedanddelayedoperation.MetroLines1,2,9,and10haveanoperatingmileageof12.38milliontrainkilometersandapassengervolumeof31.068milliontrips.

AsofFebruary2021,thereare5linesunderconstructioninShenyangMetro:Line3,Line4,Line6,Line1EastExtensionLineandLine2SouthExtensionLine,Atotalof140kilometers.

• Trams

Attheendof2020,theoperatingmileageofHunnantramswas2.324millionColumnkilometers,thepassengervolumewas6.211millionpassengers.

ConnecttheSujiatunDistrictConventionandExhibitionCenter,TaoxianAirport,High-speedRailwayXinnanStation,NationalGamesVillage,NationalGamesOperationCenter,OlympicSportsCenter,NewDistrictAdministrativeCenter,ShenfuNewCity,etc.,AndthroughcomprehensivetransportationhubstationssuchastheOlympicSportsCenterandthe21stCenturyBuilding,itseamlesslyconnectswiththesubwayandbuslines.

Socialundertakings

Educationalundertakings

Attheendof2020,therewillbe1295inclusivekindergartensinthecity,accountingfor83.7%,andtheproportionofinclusivekindergartendegreeswillreach85.%,theenrollmentrateofpreschoolchildreninthecityis97.9%.Thereare279primaryschoolswith423,000students,andthegrossenrollmentrateoftheprimaryschool-agepopulationis119.3%.Thereare305generalhighschoolswith296,000students;30generaltechnicalsecondaryschoolswith46,000students;48vocationalhighschoolswith28,000students.Thereare32technicalschoolswith20,000students.Theproportionofjuniorhighschoolgraduatesenteringordinaryhighschoolis63.2%,andthegrossenrollmentrateofhighschoolis124.5%.Thereare45generalhighereducationinstitutions(including2independentcolleges)inthecity,enrolling127,000undergraduateandjuniorcollegestudents,440thousandstudents,and101,000undergraduateandjuniorcollegegraduates.Ordinaryinstitutionsofhigherlearningandscientificresearchinstitutionsenroll26,000postgraduates,with69,000postgraduatestudentsand18,000postgraduategraduates.

Name

Establishedtime

Remarks

Schoolname

Establishedtime

Remarks

ScienceandTechnology

Strivingformajorprojectsabovetheprovinciallevelin2020And2029keyresearchanddevelopmentprojects,seekingfundsof1.02billionyuan.Amongthem,600national-levelprojectswithacapitalof720millionyuanaresought;1,429provincial-levelprojectswithacapitalof300millionyuan.12projectshavewonnationalscienceandtechnologyawards.Attheendoftheyear,thecityhad53independentprivatescientificresearchandtechnologydevelopmentinstitutionsatorabovethemunicipallevel;337keylaboratoriesatorabovethemunicipallevel,including8atthenationallevel;and262technologicalinnovationcenters(engineeringtechnologyresearchcenters)atorabovethemunicipallevel,includingnational7levels.Thereare24academiciansofthetwoacademies,including5academiciansoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesand19academiciansoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering.Thetechnicaltradeturnoverofvarioustechnicalandtradeinstitutionswas30.39billionyuan.Throughouttheyear,21,153patentsweregranted,including3,596inventionpatents.

Culturalundertakings

Bytheendof2020,therewillbe15culturalcenters,20publiclibraries,and20museumsinthecity;3213variousmassculturalactivitieswillbeheldthroughouttheyear,with1.32millionpeopleparticipating;248publicwelfarearttrainingsessionsand265publicwelfaretheatricalperformanceswereorganized.

Sportsbusiness

In2020,ShenyangwillhosttheShenyangMarathonCarnival,theChineseRowingMasters(ShenyangStation)"OneCityandTwoRaces",theNationalFitnessInternationalWalkingFestival,andCup"InternationalYouthFootballInvitationalTournament,ShenyangMartialArtsCulturalFestival,"ShengjingIceSportsFestival"andthe2ndChinaShenyangInternationalIceDragonBoatCompetition,ChinaYouthSkiGrandPrix(ShenyangNortheastAsiaStation)andShenyangInternationalYouthSkiInvitationalTournament,Shenyange-sportsopenCompetitionandthefirstShenyangEconomicZoneE-sportsCompetitionandmorethan20onlineandofflinelarge-scaleevents.Carriedoutmorethan500massfitnessactivities.Theimplementationofsportsandpeople’slivelihoodprojectshasinvestedmorethan9millionyuantoinstall292setsoffitnessequipmentandfacilitiesfor20sportsparks,130ruralculturalandsportssquares,and122communities(villages).Trained312nationalfirst-levelsocialsportsinstructors,506second-levelsocialsportsinstructors,and1303third-levelsocialsportsinstructors.

Steadilypromotethereformanddevelopmentofthe"ThreeBigBalls",andsetup33schoolsforthe"ThreeBigBalls"project.Intherollerskatingandspeedskatingall-aroundeventsoftheSecondNationalYouthGames,theShenyangSportsSchoolteamwon6golds,2silversand2bronzes,realizingahistoricalbreakthroughinthewintereventofShenyang.

ShenyangCitywasawardedasanationalsportsconsumptionpilotcity,HunnanDistrictandthe"PeaceCup"InternationalYouthFootballInvitationalwerebothawardedasanationalsportsindustrydemonstrationbaseanddemonstrationproject,fillingtheblankofShenyang'ssportsindustry"nationalteam".Implementthesportsbenefitconsumerpolicy,andissue3millionsportsbenefitelectronicconsumercoupons.Fullypromotethesalesofsportslottery,theannualsportslotterysalesvolumewas1.17billionyuan,andthepublicwelfarefundwasraised77.34millionyuan.

Medicalandhealth

Bytheendof2020,therewillbe5177healthinstitutionsinthecity.Amongthem,thereare283hospitals;144communityhealthservicecenters(stations);115healthcenters,403outpatientdepartments,1906clinics,healthcenters,andinfirmaries;14centersfordiseasepreventionandcontrol;Stations)12;maternalandchildhealthcarehospitals(stations,stations)7;emergencycenters(stations)1and1bloodcollectionandsupplyinstitution.Attheendoftheyear,therewere72,877hospitalbedsand85,576healthtechnicians,including33,644licensed(assistant)physiciansand39,500registerednurses.Thetotalnumberofconsultationsandtreatmentsintheyearwas35.612million.

SocialSecurity

Attheendof2020,thecitywillparticipateinurbanbasicpensioninsurancefor4.418millionpeople,anincreaseof71,000overtheendofthepreviousyear;socialpensioninsuranceforurbanandruralresidentsis1.215million,anincreaseof24,000.Participatedinurbanemployeemedicalinsurancefor3.551million,anincreaseof92,000;urbanresidents’medicalinsurancewas3.864million,anincreaseof162,000;participationinunemploymentinsurancewas1.501million,anincreaseof41,000;workinjuryinsurancewas1.812million,anincreaseof3,000;Maternityinsurancewas3.299million,anincreaseof91,000.Thenumberofland-expropriatedfarmersparticipatinginsocialsecuritywas270000,adecreaseof49,000.

Thebasicpensionforcorporateretireesis2,906yuanpercapitapermonth,anincreaseof146yuanoverthepreviousyear.Thepercapitaexpenditurestandardforunemploymentinsurancebenefitsis1,629yuanpermonth,anincreaseof160yuan.Theminimumwagestandardforemployeesinurbanareasanddevelopmentzonesis1810yuan,andtheminimumwagestandardforemployeesinonedistrict(LiaozhongDistrict)andthreecounties(cities)is1540yuan.

Theminimumlivingallowanceforurbanresidentsis715yuanperpersonpermonth,andtheminimumlivingallowanceforruralresidentsis510yuanperpersonpermonth.

Theannualminimumlivingallowanceof380millionyuanwasdistributed.Amongthem,thecityprovided280millionyuanofminimumlivingallowance,26,000householdsand34,000peopleenjoyedtheminimumlivingguaranteeofurbanresidents;ruralareasprovided100millionyuanofminimumlivingallowance,and17,000householdsand28,000peopleenjoyedtheminimumlivingguaranteeofruralresidents.293householdsand451peopleenjoytheassistanceofmarginalhouseholdsintheurbansubsistenceallowances;482householdsand903peopleenjoytheassistanceofmarginalhouseholdsintheruralsubsistenceallowances.

Thecity’surbanandruralelderlycareserviceagencieswere1,419,anincreaseof418overthepreviousyear;therewere49,000urbanandruralelderlycareservicebeds,anincreaseof1,100overthepreviousyear.Throughouttheyear,3,129rescuerswereadopted,adecreaseof2,198fromthepreviousyear.

In2020,thesalesofwelfarelotteryticketswillbe1.41billionyuan,andthewelfarelotterypublicwelfarefundwillberaised430millionyuan.

UrbanConstruction

OnOctober31,2019,Shenyangwasselectedasthefirstbatchof5Gcommercialcities.

In2019,thedeepeningofthereformofthecommercialsystemhasachievedremarkableresults,andtheimplementationofrelevantpoliciesandmeasuressuchassupervisionduringandaftertheeventhasbeenwellreceivedbythesociety,andhasbeennotifiedbytheGeneralOfficeoftheStateCounciltogivesupport.

InJuly2020,itwasshortlistedforthepilotlistofthedevelopmentofthehousingrentalmarketsupportedbythecentralgovernment.

InJune2020,itwasselectedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentasasamplecityforurbanphysicalexaminationin2020.

OnSeptember6,2020,9departmentsincludingShenyangRealEstateBureauandShenyangNaturalResourcesBureaujointlyissuedthe"NoticeonFurtherPromotingtheStableandHealthyDevelopmentofOurCity'sRealEstateMarket".The"Notice"proposesthatthedownpaymentratioforthesecondsetofcommercialhousingshouldbeincreasedto50%.Thedownpaymentmustbepaidinonelumpsum,andinstallmentpaymentsand"downpaymentloans"areprohibited.

Historyandculture

Dialect

ShenyangdialectisthelocaldialectofShenyang,belongingtotheNortheastMandarin—JichenPian—TongxiXiaopian.ShenyangdialectisalocalvariantofNortheastMandarin,whichistheseconddialectofMandarindialect.ItbelongstotheSino-Tibetanlanguagefamily(languagefamily)-Chinese(language)-NortheastMandarin(dialect)-JiShenpian(largefilm)-TongxiXiaopian(smallfilm).ThenortherndialectcenteredonBeijingMandarin(consistingofBeijingdialectandShenyangdialect)hasbecomethebasisofthecommonlanguageoftheHanpeopleinmoderntimes.Shenyangdialect,likethedialectsofotherplacesinNortheastChina,belongstotheNortheastMandarinoftheMandarindialect.

Religion

Asof2015,thereare5religionsinShenyang,Buddhism,Taoism,Islam,Catholicism,andChristianity,7municipal-levelpatrioticreligiousorganizations,andplacesofreligiousactivityregisteredaccordingtolawThereare289placesandtwotemporaryChristianvenuesforforeigners.Thereareabout400,000religiousbelieversand483religiousclericsinthecity.

BuddhismisareligionwithalonghistoryandgreatinfluenceinShenyang.ItwasintroducedtoLiaodongduringtheWeiandJinDynasties,anditwaswidelyspreadinShenyangduringtheTangDynasty.TherearemanyfamousBuddhisttemplesinShenyang,suchastheancientChang'anTemple,whichisknownas"Chang'anTemple,thenShenyangCity",Ci'enTemple,oneofthefourmajorBuddhistjunglesinNortheastChina,andShishengTemple,theroyaltempleoftheQingDynasty.InShenyangBuddhism,therehavebeenmanyrespectedmonksandnunssuchasBuzhenandShibo.Accordingtoasurveyin1950,therewere62Buddhisttemplesand304monks,nunsandlamasinShenyangatthattime.DuringtheCulturalRevolution,alargenumberofBuddhistvenuesinthecitywereoccupiedanddestroyed,andreligiousactivitiesceased.AftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheParty,somereligiousvenueswererebuiltandreligiousactivitiesresumed.

TaoismwasintroducedtoLiaoningintheTangDynasty,andShenyangisthecenterofTaoistactivitiesintheNortheast.AfteraTaoistinYunshanfoundedtheShenyangChenghuangTemplein1352,Taoismbegantodevelop,andsomemorefamousTaoistplacesappearedoneafteranother,suchastheDoumuPalaceintheMingDynastyandtheThreeChurches(TaiqingPalace)intheQingDynasty.TheTaiqingPalaceisoneofthetwokeynationalpalacesinourprovince(theotheristheImmeasurableTempleofQianshan).InthehistoryofShenyang,therehavebeenfamousTaoistssuchasYueChongdai,thefirstchairmanoftheTaoistAssociationofChina.Accordingtoasurveyin1950,therewere28Taoisttemplesand101QuanzhenTaoistpriestsinthecityatthattime.DuringtheCulturalRevolution,alargenumberofTaoistsitesinthecitywereoccupiedanddestroyed,andreligiousactivitiesceased.AftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina,theTaiqingPalacewasthefirsttoberepairedandreligiousactivitiesresumed;thelargestKundaoAcademyinthecountry-PengyingThepalacewasbuiltin1997andopenedtotheoutsideworld.

IslamwasintroducedtoChinain651AD,andtheearliestwrittenrecordofitsintroductiontoShenyangistheinscriptiononthestonesteleoftheShenyangChenghuangTemplebuiltinShenyangfromtheYuanDynastytothe12thyearofZhengzheng(1352)intheShenyangPalaceMuseum.Thewords"Thetemplewasbuilt...EasterntoHuihuiFiveBrothersCourtyardWall"inthe"TitleoftheOfficialsoftheLuChenghuangTempleMeritandVirtue".InthefirstyearofEmperorKangxioftheQingDynasty(1662),TieKui,theancestoroftheTiefamily,investedintheconstructionofthefirstmosqueinShenyang,theSouthMosque.Later,astheHuipopulationincreased,somewerebuilt.Inhistory,ShenyangIslamoncehadZhangZiwen,ZhuYuepo,ZhaoMingzhouandothergreatimamsinchargeofeducationalactivitiesinShenyang.DuringtheCulturalRevolution,Islamicreligiousactivitieswerestoppedandmosquesweredestroyed.AftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheParty,somemosqueswererepairedandrebuilt,andreligiousactivitiesresumed.

CatholicismwasintroducedtoLiaoninginthe35thyearofEmperorKangxioftheQingDynasty(1696).In1838,thePopeofRomeorderedtheseparationofLiaodongandMongoliafromtheFrenchDioceseofBeijing,theestablishmentoftheManchurianDiocese,andtheestablishmentoftheBishop'sMansioninYingkou.In1878,theNanguanCatholicChurchinShenyangwasestablished,whichwastheearliestinShenyanghistory.OneoftheCatholicChurch.In1892,theBishop'sHouseoftheDioceseofManchuriamovedfromYingkoutoShenyang,andShenyanggraduallybecamethecenterofCatholicactivityintheNortheast.Atthebeginningofliberation,therewere10CatholicchurchesinShenyangwith57clergy.In1957,thechurchesweremergedinto7churches.DuringtheCulturalRevolution,thechurcheswereseverelydamagedandreligiousactivitiesceased.After1979,NanguanCatholicChurchandotherplacesbegantoberepaired.,Establishandopentotheoutsideworld.

ChristianitywasintroducedtoChinaaftertheOpiumWar,andthentotheShenyangareaof​​Liaoning.In1872,theBritishScottishPresbyterianChurchsentamissionary,PastorJohnJohn,toShenyangtopreach,andtheShenyangDongguanPresbyterianChurchwasestablishedtoformallyenterShenyangforChristianity.Afterthat,ChristianorganizationssuchastheBritishAnglicanChurch,theSeventh-dayAdventistChurchintheUnitedStates,theOrientalMissionaryChurchinSeoul,Korea,andtheSalvationArmyinLondon,havesuccessivelyestablishedchurchesinShenyang.AftertheSeptember18thIncident,JapaneseChristianityinvadedShenyangandcompetedwithBritishandAmericanChristiansforleadershipinShenyang.Aftertheliberationofthewholecountry,in1950,40ChristianpatriotsheadedbyShanghaiChristianWuYaozongjointlyissuedadeclaration"TheWaysChineseChristianityWorkedintheConstructionofNewChina",callingonChineseChristianstocuttieswiththeimperialistcountries,ShenyangChristThebelieversenthusiasticallysupportedthisdeclaration,andsincethenembarkedonthepathofindependentandself-runchurches.StatisticsatthetimeoftheliberationofShenyangshowedthattherewere23Christianchurches,48​​missionaries,andabout3,000believersinthecity.DuringtheCulturalRevolution,churcheswereclosed,andreligiousactivitiesresumedaftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheParty.

Dance

ShenyangDayanggeisalocalartthatinheritedthetraditionalcharacteristicsofYangkosincetheTangDynastyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.ItwasoriginallyaformofentertainmentfortheancientHanpeopleduringtheslackperiod.Inthebeginning,itwasameansofearningalivingbyasmallnumberofidlefolkartistsperformingonthestreet,andgraduallybecameanentertainmentactivityduringfestivalsortemplefairs.Features:ShenyangGrandYangko,inadditiontoinheritingtheoriginaltraditionalartstyleofManchuYangko,hasbeenintegratedwiththestiltartofsouthernLiaoningandwesternLiaoning,formingauniquerough,bold,hot,warm,cheerful,strongandfreeArtisticcharacteristics.

Snacks

ShenyangsnacksincludeLaobiandumplings,LiLianguibaconflatbread,Yangjiahangingovencakes,chickencakes,HuishunyuanHuitou,MajiaShaomai,WestTowerColdNoodles,LaoshanjiHaichengPie,NajiaguanWhiteMeatandBloodSausage,SongjiaWonton,KoreanRoastBeef,RiceCake,ZhangJiuliRoastChicken,BigStageFriedCake,Twist,XiaomaoqiuPopcorn,ShenyangSmallPotato,Chicken-flavorednoodles,sizzlingchickenrack,openpie,high-risefragrantchicken,Zhaidonkeymeat,Pan'selbow,rockopenfirespoon,oldfourseasonsnoodles,fourseasonsnoodles,nectardumplings,Daqinghuadumplings,BaofayuanFourDishes,YuanweizhaiRoastDuck,SanheshengSteamedBuns,XinxiangSteamedBuns,GuojiaTangyuan,SanshengyuanDumplings,HaijieTangBao,etc.

Shenyangisthelargestchickenrackconsumptioncenterinthecountry.Themethodsofchickenracksinclude:grilledchickenracks,chickenracks,smokedchickenracks,boiledchickenracks,mixedchickenracks,ironplatechickenracks,andfriedchicken.Racks,friedchickenracks,etc."Chewingchickenracksanddrinkingoldsnow"hasbecomeawayoflifeforpeopleinShenyang.

Scenicspots

Asof2018,Shenyanghas100nationalA-leveltouristattractions,222travelagencies,and96star-ratedhotels.Thetotalannualtourismrevenuewas58.37billionyuan,anincreaseof12.8%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,domestictourismincomewas56.28billionyuan,anincreaseof13.2%,foreignexchangeincomewas344millionUSdollars,anincreaseof4.0%;64.011milliondomesticandforeigntouristswerereceived,anincreaseof11.9%,ofwhich63.33millionweredomestictourists,anincreaseof12.0%.Thenumberoftouristswas681,000,anincreaseof5.4%.Thereare96tourismprojectsunderconstructioninthecity,withaninvestmentof10.8billionyuanthatyear.

Shenyangtenscenicspots:FulingDiecui,YuyuanSongtao,HunheNightCrossing,TawanSunset,LiutangSpringRain,TaoyuanAutumnBreeze,SacredStelePhantom,DoushanSnow,FenglouTower,WanSpringfishing.

Otherattractions:QipanshanInternationalScenicTourismDevelopmentZone,StrangeSlopeScenicArea,ShenyangForestWildlifePark,ShenyangExpoPark,ShenyangNortheastAsiaSkiResort,RoyalPolarOceanWorld,FantawildParadise,PurpleSmokeLavenderManor,AegeanValley,MeteoriteMountainScenicArea,LiuLaogenStage,NanguanCatholicChurch,HunheWestCanyon,Yong'anBridge.In2015,Shenyangreceived92.192milliondomesticandforeigntourists,anincreaseof11.0%.Amongthem,domestictouristswere91.542million,anincreaseof11.0%;inboundtouristswere650,000,anincreaseof10.2%.

Introduction

Picture

ShenyangImperialPalace

Zhaoling

Fuling

TheformersiteoftheManchuriaProvincialCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina

ZhouEnlaiJuvenileReadingSite

Zhang’shandsomemansion

LiaobinTower

LiaoningProvincialMuseum

ChinaShenyangIndustrialMuseum

XinleSite

ShenyangSeptember18thHistoryMuseum

ColorTVTower

MiddleStreet

TaiyuanStreet

WuaiMarket

SanhaoStreet

Localspecialties

ShenyangspecialtiesincludeHuishanMilkandZhongjiedaFruit,De'sColdDrink,XiaoliangshanWatermelon,DrunkenGrape,TanglinRedRaspberry,HanfuApple,ZhujiaBigApricot,ClearWaterRice,XiangxueFlour,LiaozhongCrucian,BawangsiSoftDrink,SnowBeer,LaolongkouLiquor,Shenyangagedwine,oldladycandiedhaws,BuLaoLinTang,Kragussausage,heavyindustrypineappleham,Xiongzhoubeefthreepots,sauerkraut,Kangfumooncake,Dongdongfood,peachandplumbread,McKinleyapplecidervinegar,eyeBaoYangliversoup,LaoWangheadseasoning,Shenhemiso,redplummonosodiumglutamate,Shenyangredmedicine,silkflower,gourdcarving,Shenyangfeatherpainting,colorstonemosaicpainting,naturalcoloradvancedcarpet,ZhongheFutea,TianyitangChinesemedicineandmanymore.

Famouspeople

城市荣誉

对外交流

国家

城市

缔结日期

名称

领事范围