Purposeandfunction
Thecrownoffruittreesexpandswiththegrowthofthetreeage,andtoomanybranchesandleaveswillinevitablycausetheconsequencesofdenseouterspaceandinnerspace,prematuredecayofthetree,serioussizeandreductionoffruityieldandquality,etc..Timelyandreasonablepruningcanhavethefollowingeffects.
①Adjustthereasonabledistributionofbranchesandleaves.Thatis,onthebasisofshaping,adjustthedensity,distributiondirectionandleafareacoefficientofeachpartofthecrowntomaximizetheeffectivephotosyntheticareaofthecrown.
②Regulategrowthandresults.Itcanmakethevegetativegrowthnormalbutnotexcessivelyprosperous;properamountofflowersandfruitwithoutweakeningthevigorofthetree;atthesametime,itcanpreventthefruittreefromaginginadvanceandrenewandrejuvenateintime.
③Adjustthecompositionratioofbranches.Shortshootshaveashortgrowthperiod,lessconsumptionandearlyaccumulation,butlessleavesandlowtotalphotosynthesis;vegetativeshootshavealonggrowthperiodandconsumemore,butaccumulatemorelater.Differenttreespeciesandtreeagesrequirecorrespondingandappropriatebranchtypessothattheoperation,distribution,consumption,andaccumulationofnutrientsinthetreeduringtheannualgrowthcyclecanbecoordinatedaccordingtothenormalgrowthandreproductionrhythm.Thiscanbeachievedbypruning.
④Pruningcanalsobalancethegrowthvigorbetweenthegroupplantsandthemainbranchesonaplant,soastoachieveabalancedyieldandfacilitatemanagement.Inaddition,pruningisalsoameanstocoordinatethegrowthoftheabove-groundpartandtherootsystem.
MechanismTheregulationeffectofpruningonthegrowthanddevelopmentofbranches,leaves,fruitsandotherorgansisrelatedtothechangeofapicaldominance.Sincethedirectionofcytokininproducedbytherootsystemisoppositetothedirectionofgravity,themoreuprightthebranches,thehigherthepositionofthebuds,andthemoreitearns,sothefasterthecelldivision,themoreprosperousthegrowth.Thegerminationandgrowthofthebudsatthebottomofthetopbudswereinhibited.Oncethebranchesarecut,thetopdominanceistransferredtothecut-mouthbuds,andthegrowthpotentialofthebudsunderneathisreducedinturn,andevenunabletogerminateintohiddenbuds,thuschangingtheoriginalgerminationrateandbranchingability,makingtheratioofbranchesandnutritionThebranchgrowthhasalsochanged.Inaddition,thedevelopmentstatusandqualityofthebudsonthebranchesaredifferent,whichiscalledbudheterogeneity.
Generallyspeaking,thequalityofthebudiscloselyrelatedtothesizeandfunctionoftheleavesatthenodewhereitislocated,thetimeofbudformation,theoverallnutritionalstatusofthetree,andenvironmentalfactors.Therefore,pruningalsotakesadvantageoftheheterogeneityofthebuds,andexertsitsregulatingeffectbyselectingtheappropriatecuttingbuds.Butpruningwithsimilarbranchesandcuttingpositionsmaynotallachievethesameeffect.Thisisbecausedifferenttreespeciesandvarietieshavedifferentbuddingandbranchinghabits.Generally,varietieswithstrongbranchingabilitygrowvigorouslyandflowerslaterthanvarietieswithhighgerminationrate.Thefruitinghabitsofdifferenttreespeciesandvarietiesaredifferent.Thismustbeunderstoodinadvancetomakethepruningachievethedesiredeffect.
Pruningsteps
First,pruningisrequiredattheyoungtreestage.Thepurposeofpruningduringthisperiodistoexpandthecrownofthefruittree,increasethenumberofbranches,andadjustthetreeshapesothatitcancarryoutphotosynthesistoagreaterextent.Areasonablepruningduringthisperiodcanalsoprovidethequantityandqualityofthefruitproducedbythefruittree,anditcanalsomakeitgrowinadvanceandharvestinadvance,unlikethefruittreesplantedinfrontofandbehindthehouse,whichhavetowaitforseveralyearstobearfruit.
Secondly,pruningisneededduringthefullfruitperiod.Duringthisperiod,someweakbranches,diseasedbranches,andbranchesthataffectthephotosynthesisofthefruittreearecutoff.Thepurposeistoenablethefruittreebodytogetbettergrowthanddevelopment,maintainagoodtreestructure,andletthefruittreegrowbetweenthefruittreeandthefruittreegrowth.Therelationshipisbalanced,sothatthefruit-bearingperiodofthefruittreecanbeextended.
Again,pruningisneededinoldage.Duringthisperiod,somebranchesthataffectthenutrientabsorptionandphotosynthesisofthefruittreearecutoffintime,sothatsomestrongbranchescanbetterabsorbnutrientsandgrow,andthefruityieldoftheoldtreescanbemaintainedatahigherlevel.
Therefore,fruittreesneedtobeprunedduringdifferentgrowthperiodsoffruittrees.Fruittreesmustbeobservedeveryyear,andappropriateadjustmentsshouldbemadetothegrowthoffruittreesinrealtime,soasnottoaffecttheirgrowthanddevelopment.Andhangingfruit.
Pruningmethod
Thegeneralpruningprincipleadoptedis"focusonlightness,combinelightnessandheavyness;makeoverallplans,combinelengthandshortness;pruningthetree,followthebranches."Therearemanyspecificmethods,andaftersiteanalysisofdifferenttreespecies,differenttreeages,anddifferenttreebodies,judgmentsaremadeforpruning.Therefore,onlyafewcommonpruningmethodscanbelistedhere:
Short-cutmethod:Cutsomebranchesoff,sothatnutrientsareconcentratedtosomestrongbranches,reducenutrientconsumption,andkeepthelightandventilationconditionsinthecanopybetter.
Thinningmethod:Cutoffdiseasedbranches,weakbranches,deadbranches,longbranches,anddisturbedtree-shapedgrowthbranches.
Puttingmethod:removethebuds,controlthegrowthlengthofthefruitbranches,andbalancethenutrientsupply.
Branchholdingmethod:Thatistosay,someexcessivelyrisingbranchesarecrushedbyhandtotheirinternalbastandxylem,causingslightdamage,inhibitingtheirgrowth,andchangingtheirextensiondirection.
Bendingbranchmethod:Thatis,somestraight-growingbranchesarebentandtiedwithropes,sothatthebentpartscanbeexposedandplacedinabettergrowthenvironment.
Pruningseason
Therearetwotypesofpruning:winterpruningandsummerpruning.2.Pruningismainlytoremovelongbranches,droopingbranches,backbranches,excessivelydensebranches,diseasedbranchesandweakbranches.Pruningcancontroltheamountofresultsandimprovethequalityoffruittrees.3.Pruningistoreshapefruittrees.Peartreeshavethreemainbranchesinscatteredandlayeredshape,peachhasthreemainbranchesinopenshape,andpomegranatehasnaturalroundheadshape.4.SummerpruningisfromJunetoAugust.Aslongasyouthinkitisdense,youcancutoffapartofthetwigsfromthebranches,whichcantransmitlighttotheshape,butdon'tcutthefruitingbranches,otherwiseyouwon'tbeabletoeatthefruit.5.Winterpruningismainlyshortcut,whichmeanstocutapartofthebranchesfromthetop,one-thirdorone-half.Thepurposeistopromotethegrowthofthefruittreeandreducethefruit.Youcanalsocutoffsomeofthefruitingbranches,becauseofthefruitofthefruittree.Thereisacause-and-effectrelationship.Ifyoubearmorefruit,youwillloseless.
Re-cuttingfruittreesinspringisasupplementandimprovementtowintershearing.Itisusuallydonewhentheflowerbudscanbeclearlyrecognizedafterthefruittreeshavesprouted,anditisbestdonebeforetheflowerbudsexpand.Forfruittreesinspring,cutmaturetrees,weaktrees,orearly-floweringvarietiesfirst,andthencutyoungtrees,vigoroustrees,andlate-floweringvarieties.Inaddition,there-pruningoffruittreesinspringdependsonspecificconditionssuchasspecies,treeageandtreevigor.Secondly,applyawoundanticorrosivefilmtothetrimmingmouthtopreventwaterevaporationandnutrientconsumption.Forthebigtreesinthefullfruitstage,choosetokeepfullandleafyflowerbuds,andremovethethinandleafyflowerbuds.Accordingtotheratioofgrowingshootsandfruitingshootsat3:1,theloadbecomesmorereasonable.Forlargetreeswithalotofflowers,weakbranchesandweakbudsshouldbeproperlythinnedout,morestrongbranchesandstrongbudsshouldbekept,andsenileandover-densifiedbranchesshouldberenewed.Foryoungtreeswithfewflowerbuds,keepmoreflowerbudsandthinoutthenutritiousbranches;winterpruningshouldbecoordinatedwiththeclearingofthegarden.Inadditiontotakingoutthesickandweakbranchesandburningthem,thegeneralspraytreeprotectiongeneraldisinfectionandsterilizationofthewholegardenshouldbecarriedout.Protectthetreetosurvivethewintersafely.