Significance
Manufacturing mode refers to the form and operation mode of enterprise system, operation, management, production organization and technical system. From a broader perspective, manufacturing mode is a philosophy and guiding ideology related to the establishment and operation of manufacturing processes and manufacturing systems.
Although the modern manufacturing process is more complicated, it must operate according to a certain rule. It is the manufacturing model that determines the operating rule of the manufacturing process.
The significance of the manufacturing model: The operation of the manufacturing process, the architecture of the manufacturing system, and the optimal management and control of the manufacturing system are all restricted by the manufacturing model and must follow the rules determined by the manufacturing model. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct in-depth research on the manufacturing mode and establish an advanced manufacturing mode for the manufacturing system.
Manufacturing is a process of reducing entropy and increasing information content. An enterprise is a complex, non-linear, and large dynamic system, which dynamically circulates the flow of labor, capital, material, and information. And energy flow. In the socialist market economy environment and enterprise system, production organization and technical system, relying on technology, relying on human decision-making and technological creativity, and relying on the support of information-reducing entropy, operating and managing the above-mentioned various resources to obtain optimization of enterprise investment Value-added and profit is the goal of establishing an advanced manufacturing model of an enterprise.
Many experiences at home and abroad show that technological progress and the successful implementation of enterprise transformation projects aimed at improving the market competitiveness of manufacturing products are not only technical issues, but advanced manufacturing technologies must Only in the matching manufacturing mode can it work. For example, if an enterprise wants to adopt CAD/CAM and obtain practical results, it needs to adjust the enterprise's existing production organization and operation mode. Practice has proved that this is not easy, and it takes time and effort to make progress. In short, technology and the mode of technological operation need to match each other and make progress together.
History
The manufacturing model is always related to the level of production development and market demand.
In the era of handicraft production, is a handcraft workshop manufacturing model, which is characterized by the design, processing, assembly and inspection of products basically completed by individuals. This manufacturing model is flexible Good, but the efficiency is low, it is difficult to complete the production of large quantities of products.
From the middle of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, the mass production model has dominated the manufacturing industry for nearly a hundred years. With the support of electrification technology, labor productivity has been greatly improved, product costs have been reduced, and the development of the manufacturing industry and social progress have been strongly promoted.
In the second half of the 20th century, especially the last 30 years, production demand has developed in the direction of diversification and competition has intensified, forcing product production in the direction of multiple varieties, variable batches, and short production cycles. Evolution, traditional mass production is being replaced by more advanced production models. The main features of these advanced manufacturing models are: demand activation, relying on scientific and technological progress, enterprise cooperation, flexible manufacturing, capable production organization, advanced enterprise management system, and attention to environmental protection. In recent years the computer integrated manufacturing, lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing that have been proposed abroad are typical representatives of advanced production models.
In the past ten years, due to the rapid development of manufacturing engineering technology and science and social and economic changes, in order to make enterprises more competitive, the research and application of manufacturing models has become increasingly important.
Modern manufacturing mode
1) Rigid manufacturing mode (suitable for large batches, small varieties)
2) Flexible automated manufacturing mode (small batches, more varieties Production, extensive use of CNC machine tools. Research on the manufacturing process)
3) Computer integrated manufacturing mode (1970s, CIMS computer integrated manufacturing systems, research information integration)
4) Agile Manufacturing mode (AM agile manufacturing, proposed by Lehigh University in the United States in 1991. The enterprise organization formed by this form is also called a virtual company)
5) JIT (JIT just in time, Japan TOYOTA) It is proposed that this model organizes production in a "pull" manner, that is, when the next process sends a request, the inventory exists, and it is processed only when needed.)
6) Excellent production mode (LP lean production, the core is streamlining, that is, streamlining all the links that do not generate added value in the process of product development, design, production, and management. That is to say, remove all useless things in all links of the factory)
7) Fast Restructuring manufacturing mode (standardization of functional modules, that is, divided into standard functional small manufacturing system modules)
Advanced manufacturing mode
Manufacturing production mode is for the manufacturing industry to improve product quality and market competitiveness , Production scale and production speed, an effective production method and certain production organization form adopted to complete specific production tasks. The manufacturing production model has a distinct era. The modern advanced manufacturing production model is a process of development, deepening and gradual innovation from the traditional manufacturing production model. For example, Ford's mass production model in the industrial age is to provide cheap products as the main purpose; the flexible production model, lean production model, and agile manufacturing model in the information age are to quickly meet the diverse needs of customers as the main purpose; future development The trend is the green manufacturing production model in the knowledge age, which is mainly aimed at helping environmental protection and reducing energy consumption throughout the product life cycle.
According to the statistics of the International Society of Production Engineering (CIRP) in the past 10 years, there are as many as 33 advanced manufacturing systems and advanced manufacturing production models that have emerged in developed countries. Manufacturing enterprises in developed countries, especially multinational companies and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, have widely adopted some new manufacturing models and manufacturing systems, such as: flexible manufacturing system (FMS); computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS); lean production model (LP) ); Cleaner Production Mode (CP); Efficient and rapid reorganization of production systems; Virtual Manufacturing Mode (VM), etc. Develop next-generation manufacturing and production models, such as concurrent engineering and collaborative manufacturing (HM), biological manufacturing (BM), networked manufacturing, and next-generation manufacturing system (NGMS), etc.
The more popular manufacturing production modes mainly include:
Flexible production mode
The flexible production mode first proposed by the British Molins (Molins) company, in It was promoted and applied in the late 1970s. This model mainly relies on highly flexible manufacturing equipment based on computer numerical control machine tools to achieve multi-variety and small-batch production, so as to enhance the flexibility and adaptability of the manufacturing industry, shorten the product production cycle, and improve the efficiency of equipment use and employee labor. Productivity and improve product quality.
Lean production model
This production model was proposed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1990 when it summarized the experience of the Japanese manufacturing industry represented by Toyota after the Second World War. Of. This model is characterized by the reform of enterprise production management, the implementation of "simplification and reduction of swelling" countermeasures, and the "striving for perfection" management idea. This mode requires high-quality products, full consideration of human factors, flexible group work methods and parallel work methods emphasizing cooperation; in terms of production technology, appropriate automation technology is adopted so that the resources of the manufacturing enterprise can be reasonably configured and adequate Of use.
Virtual manufacturing production mode
This mode uses computer simulation and simulation to realize the design and development of products in the manufacturing process, that is, the manufacturing technology realized in the computer. It will fundamentally change the traditional manufacturing model of design, trial production, design modification, and mass production. Before the product is actually manufactured, the soft product prototype (SoftPrototype) should be completed in the virtual manufacturing environment, instead of the traditional hard prototype (HardPrototype) for testing, and its performance is predicted and evaluated, thereby greatly shortening the product design and manufacturing cycle , Reduce product development costs, improve its ability to quickly respond to market changes, so as to make more reliable decisions about product development, more economical investment, and more effective organization of production, so as to achieve a comprehensive and optimal manufacturing production model for the manufacturing system.
Green manufacturing model
Green manufacturing is the comprehensive application of biotechnology, "green chemistry", information technology and environmental sciences, so that no or very little waste is generated in the manufacturing process Integrated ecological manufacturing technology with pollutant process or manufacturing system. The green manufacturing model is a manufacturing model that realizes the sustainable and long-term development of the manufacturing industry.
Features
(1) Facing customers, understanding customer needs and market trends in a timely manner.
(2) The enterprise must take into account the needs of customers and the production capacity of the enterprise, and adopt the policy of winning by quality.
(3) Enterprises should promote effective and sophisticated production
(4) The ability to grasp information and respond quickly and flexibly to the market
(5) Integrate all resources reasonably