Luo Guanzhong

Characterrelationship

ErrorCorrection

CloseErrorCorrection

• LeaderZhangShicheng

  Anerror14240hasbeenreported

Lifeexperience

LivinginthesouthoftheYangtzeRiver

LuoGuanzhong(3photos)

DuringthereignofYuanRenzongYanyou,LuoGuanzhong'sfatherwasasilkmerchant.Inthemid-YuanDynasty,duetothegradualsubsidenceofthetraumaoftheWaroftheSung-SongWar,thesocialeconomicandculturalcenterofgravitybegantoshiftfromthenorthtothesouth.Hangzhou,theoldcapitaloftheSouthernSongDynasty,hasnotonlybecomeaprosperouscitywithalargepopulationanddevelopedcommerce,butalsoanimportantcenterforthedevelopmentoftheatricalperformancesand"talking"art.Therefore,manynorthernintellectualsand"bookmakers",suchasGuanHanqingandZhengGuangzu,havemovedtoHangzhou.LuoGuanzhong,anovelistandadramatist,isboundtobeaffectedbythissocialtrendandbecomesoneofthesewriterswhomigratedsouth.Sincetheageof7,hehasstudiedtheFourBooksandFiveClassicsinaprivateschool.Whenhismotherdiedattheageof14,hedroppedoutofschoolandfollowedhisfathertodobusinessinSuzhouandHangzhou.ButLuoGuanzhongwasnotinterestedinbusiness.Withhisfather'sconsent,hewenttoCixitostudywithZhaoBaofeng,afamousscholaratthetime.LuoGuanzhong's"HuhaiSanren",thistitleconveysthemeaningofroamingtheriversandlakesandwanderingtheworld.Between1345and1355AD,hecametoHangzhou.Manytalkingentertainerstellstorieshere,andsomedramatistsarealsoactivehere.LuoGuanzhongisfriendswithlike-mindedpeople.Inaddition,heisextremelyfondoffolkliterature,andwhenhearriveshere,henaturallydoesn'twanttoleave.

TheKingofAspirations

InthesixteenthyearoftheHuizongEmperorofYuanDynasty(1356),LuoGuanzhongsaidgoodbyetoZhaoBaofeng,andLuoGuanzhong,the"kingofAspirations,"wasaguestatthepeasantuprisingarmyZhangShicheng'sshogunate.ZhangShicheng,whohadrisentodominance,wastheherooftheeradicationoftheYuan.Inthefollowingyear,underLuoGuanzhong'ssuggestion,ZhangShichengdefeatedtheattackofZhuYuanzhang'ssubordinateKangMaocai.Inthesameyear,ZhangShicheng'syoungerbrotherwasdefeatedandcapturedbytheYuanDynasty.ZhangShichenghadtosurrender.AfterthefalloftheYuanDynasty,ZhangShichengwasgreedyforpleasure.Bythetwenty-thirdyearofZhizheng,ZhangShichengsawthedeclineoftheYuanDynastyandonceagainbecameking.Manyaides,includingLuoGuanzhong,proposedtopostponethekingship,butitwasnotaccepted.LiuLiang,LuYuanandothersleftoneafteranother.Sincethen,LuoGuanzhonglostconfidenceinZhangShichengandreturnedtohishometownTaiyuan.InSeptemberofthe23rdyearofZhizheng(1363AD),LuoGuanzhongalsoleftZhangShichengandwentnorthagain.Inthe26thyearofZhizheng,LuoGuanzhongreturnedtoHangzhou.Thewritingof"ThePopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms"shouldbeafterthatyear.Atthistime,hewasalreadyinhisfifties,andhehadarelativelymatureviewofhistoryandlife,andhewasfullyequippedwiththeconditionstocreate"ThePopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms".InthethirdyearofHongwu,theEmperoroftheMingDynasty(1370AD),LuoGuanzhonghadwrittentwelvevolumes,andthewritingofthesubsequentvolumeswasfouryearsafterHongwu.

DuringLuoGuanzhong'swriting"ThePopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms",ShiNaianmovedfromSuzhoutoXinghuaanddiedinHongwuthreeyearsago.InordertocommemoratehismasterShiNaian,LuoGuanzhongdecidedtoprocessandsupplementShi's"WaterMargin"aftercompletingthe"PopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms".ItwaswritteninHongwubetweenfouryearsandtenyears.Whileprocessingandsupplementingthe"WaterMargin",LuoGuanzhongcontinuedtocreateaseriesofhistoricalnovels.

Writingabookwithanger

AttheendoftheYuanDynasty,theworldwasinchaos,andtheheroescametogether.Healsoparticipatedinit.Inthe"CompilationofBarnyardHistory",MingmanWangQisaidthathewas"akingwhohasaspirations,butmeetsAllah",thatistosay,seeingtheworldwillinevitablyfallintothehandsofZhuYuanzhang,hehastofadeout.Soon,LuoGuanzhongyuantraveledsouthoftheYangtzeRiverandlivedintheareasofJiangsuandZhejiang.Heusednovelstodescribehis"PictureKing"domineeringvision.Thekingofthepicturewasunsuccessful,andhewrotethebookangrily.

However,thismayalsobejustalegend.BecauseQingGuLing's"TayingGardenCollection"Volume4"PostscripttotheWaterMargin"records"ZhangShichenginLuoguanzhongKebaMansion",whichisinconsistentwiththeimageof"thekingwithaspirations".Althoughtherearecontradictionsinthesetworecords,itisenoughtoshowthatLuoGuanzhongoncewantedtodosomethingattheendoftheYuanDynasty,"toconveythehistoryofthebarnyard,"wasjustahelplesschoiceafterfailureinreality.

AftertheestablishmentoftheMingDynasty,ZhuYuanzhangorderedallprovincestotestforthreeyearsinordertoconsolidatehisposition.BecausehewasonceanenemywithZhuYuanzhang,LuoGuanzhonghadtogiveuptheopportunityforscholarstoenterofficialdom.Inthe14thyearofHongwuintheMingDynasty,LuoGuanzhongwrotethe"SanSuiPingYaoZhuan"(20transcripts).Afterthat,hedidnotreceiveitatall.Hecreated"TheHistoricalRomanceoftheSuiTangandFiveDynasties"and"TheHistoryofSuiandTangDynasties".

SomeexpertsbelievethatLuoGuanzhong’spreferenceforpoliticalandhistoricalnovelsisthekeytohisartisticsuccessinsuchnovels.ThefirstistousethestoryoftheThreeKingdomsasthethemetowritethe"RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms",theotheristousetheLiangshanherostoryeditor"WaterMargin"(apopularsaying,forexample,"TheHistoryofChineseLiterature"agreeswithShiNai'an.Original,editedbyLuoGuanzhongintoabook).

Aftercreatingtheseworks,LuoGuanzhongisalreadyinhissixties.Inordertopublishtheseworks,hecametoFujianfromHangzhouinthethirteenthyearofHongwu,becauseJianyanginFujianwasoneofthecentersofthepublishingindustryatthattime.However,LuoGuanzhong'sgoalwasnotachieved.LuoGuanzhong'screativetalentsaremultifaceted.HehaswrittenYuefulingoandopera,buthisfictionalachievementsarethemain.Regardinghisnovels,"XihuTouringZhiyu"saidthathe"editeddozensofnovels",anditissaidthathewrote"SeventeenHistoricalRomance".ExistingworkssignedbyLuoGuanzhong,inadditionto"ThePopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms",therearealso"TheLegendofSuiandTangDynasties","TheHistoricalRomanceoftheFiveDynastiesoftheRemainsofTangDynasty"and"TheLegendofSanSuiPingYao"andShiNaianalsowrotethe"WaterMargin"".

Amongtheseworks,"PopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms"hasthehighestachievement.ThebookdepictsthecomplicatedpoliticalandmilitarystrugglesduringtheThreeKingdomsperiodwithagrandstructure,startingfromtheYellowTurbanUprisingandfinallyreunifyingtheWesternJinDynasty.Theworkcondemnedthebrutalityanduglinessoftherulers,reflectedthepeople'spainandyearningforQingmingpoliticsandbenevolentmonarchsintheturbulentera,andembodiesthecleartendencyof"supportingLiuandopposingCao"."PopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms""thewritingisnotverydeep,thelanguageisnotveryvulgar",thelanguageisconcise,livelyandvivid.Itcombineshistoryandliteraturenaturally,hasrealisticdepictions,andisfullofromanticlegends.TheearliestsurvivingeditionofLuoGuanzhong's"PopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms"istheJiajingedition,andthemostpopulareditionistherevisededitionofMaoLunandMaoZonggangintheQingDynasty.Inadditiontothecreationofnovels,JiaZhongming's"RecordingGhostBookSequel"saidthathe"Yuefulingoisextremelyrefreshing."Hisexistingoperaworksinclude"ZhaoTaizuLonghuFengyunhui"Zaju.Thebasicideaof​​Zajuissimilarto"ThePopularRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms".Itdescribestheintimaterelationshipbetweentheemperorandtheminister,andhopestoendthetragicsituationcausedbythetraitorousstruggleforhegemonythrough"rectifyingthethreeprinciplesandbeingcarefulofthefiveconstants".

Between1385and1388AD,LuoGuanzhonglived70yearsoldanddiedinLuling(nowJi’an,Jiangxi),thehometownofthenationalheroWenTianxiangintheSongDynasty.

Literaryfeatures

LuoGuanzhongisknownastheoriginatorofChinesechapter-backnovels.Hischapter-backnovelsfeaturechapter-basednarrative,divided-backheadings,eachstoryisrelativelyindependent,andparagraphsNeatly,butlinkedbackandforth,endtoend,thewholebookformsaunifiedwhole.Andithasbeendividedintovolumesandsub-headings,andthecataloguetextisalsoveryparticular.TodayIseetheearliestJiajingRenwu(1522)block-printed"ThreeKingdoms",eachtitleisasinglesentencewithsevencharacters.Thetitleof"WaterMargin",whichheco-authoredwithShiNaian,isalreadydouble-sentence,whichisroughlyaduality.Inadditiontotheseparationofthemainpoints,hischapterstoriesalsopreservedthesysteminwhichtheopeningpoemswereintroducedatthebeginningandtheendingpoemswereusedattheendintheSongYuanScript.Themaintextoftenbeginswiththeword"Speaking",andoftenatthecriticaljunctureoftheplotdevelopment,itusesaphrase"ifyouwanttoknowwhatisgoingon,andlistentothenexttimetobreakitdown",therearemorepoemsandtunesinthemiddletodescribethescene.Orpeoplecommentandpraise.

Whilehischapternovelshavebeenshapedsystematically,theyhavealsomaturedintermsofartisticexpression.Theliterarycharacteristicsofhisworksaremainlymanifestedin:theprocessofwritingthebookhastransitionedfromcollectiveeditingtoindividualoriginalcreation;thecreativeconsciousnesshaschangedfromborrowinghistoricalromancesandfablestofacerealityandpayingattentiontolife;thesubjectmatterofexpressionhaschangedfromfocusingonnationaleventssuchasriseandfall.Tofocusondailylifeandfamilytrivialmatters;thecharactersdescribedrangefromextraordinaryheroestoordinaryordinarypeople;themodellingsrangefromhighlightingcharacteristiccharacterstotheuseofmulti-coloranddynamicbrushstrokestoportraythepersonalitiesofthecharacters;theplotstructurerangesfromThelinearflowtothemeshedintersection;thelanguageofthenovelhaschangedfromhalf-literalandhalf-whitetocolloquialanddialectal;andsoon,itissufficienttoexplainthegreatachievementsofLuoGuanzhong'sZhanghuinovelsinthehistoryofChinesenovels.ThisalsolaidasolidfoundationfortheprosperoussituationofvernacularshortstoriesinthemiddleandlateMingDynasty,andtheirdevelopmentwasmorerefined.

LuoGuanzhongisawriterwithspecialcontributionsinthehistoryofChineseliterature.Therearemanynovelshewrote,allbasedonchaotictimes.TherewereonlysevendividederasinChinesehistory.LuoGuanzhongwrotethreeofthem.InadditiontoTheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,itissaidthattherearealso"SuiandTangZhiBiography"and"RemnantTangDynasty".Healsoparticipatedinthecompilationandcreationof"WaterMargin"andotherworkssuchas"TheHistoryoftheFiveDynasties"and"SanZhuPingYaoZhuan".Hecanalsosingandcompose.Hehascomposedthreekindsofdramas,whichareknowntoday:"SongTaizuLonghuFengyunhui","ZhongzhengDutifulSonSerialAdmonishment","SanpingZhangCryandCryTiger",thelattertwohavebeenlost.LuoGuanzhongexperiencedthegreatsocialturmoilinthelateYuanDynasty,witnessedtherealdisputes,hadabetterunderstandingofthepeople'ssufferinglifesituation,andalsohadanunderstandingoftheiridealsandpursuits.Hismotivationforcreatingnovelswasto"donotventhisangerforawhile,andtobequickerforfouryears."Ontheotherhand,itwasalsotochangetheshortcomingsinthescriptartatthattime,andtoprovideagoodandconvenientwayforthepublicandtheartiststospeak.Thebasicsofspeaking.Startingfromtheneedsofsocietyandliterature,hehascollected,sortedout,andenrichedseveralnovelmaterialsthathaveagreaterimpactonthefolks.LuoGuanzhong'sworks,especiallytheappearanceof"TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms",markedthecompletionofthetransitionofancientChinesenovelsfromthestageof"storytelling"tothelongchapters,andopenedanewpageinthehistoryofthedevelopmentofChinesenovels.

LuoGuanzhong'sartisticattainmentsfirstlybenefitedfromhisfamiliaritywithhistoricalmaterialsandadeepunderstandingofhistoricalfigures.HeabsorbedthestrengthsofChenShou's"ThreeKingdoms",obtainedtheessenceofthefolkscript"SaidThreePoints",andcollectedhundredsoflargeandsmallstories.Heknowsthenamesandpersonalitycharacteristicsofhundredsofemperorsandgenerals,andeventhesocialrelations,historicaldestiny,andofficialcareersofmanypeople.ThisextensivecollectionofBona,memorizationandutilizationofskillsistheconfidenceofLieutenantLuoGuantohaveafullviewofthe100-yearhistoryandgatherthebestofthecenturyinhiswriting.

Contradictionsandconflictsarethemostattractivefeatureofhistoricalnovels.Theauthorcanuseittobuildmomentum,useittoshowcharacteractionsandpromotethedevelopmentofthestoryline.OneofLuoGuanzhong'smasterpiecesisthatheisgoodatcreatingmomentum.Createatensesituationasthedrivingforceofcontradictionsandconflicts.

LuoGuanzhongisthebestatwritingwars.Thehundredsofwarsin"TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms"arewrittenwiththeirowncharacteristics,andthereisnorepetition.TheBattleofChibiisespeciallywonderfullywritten.ThefirstfeatureoftheBattleofChibiisthatthetwocountriesgotowarwiththeparticipationofthethreeparties;therearebothalargenumberofmilitaryactivitiesandalargenumberofdiplomaticactivities,attractingthemainadvisersandwarriorsoftheThreeKingdomsperiodtotheseactivitiesAmong.Thesecondfeatureisthatthemethodofadvancingandresolvingcontradictionsisbasedonfightingwisdomandplotting,ratherthanconfrontation.Alotofdescriptionsandnarrativesintheworksareliterarywarfareratherthanmilitarywarfare.Thethirdcharacteristicisthecharacteristicofthetimes.TheBattleofChibiwasaperiodofmeleebetweenwarlords,andthefireoftheBattleofChibiburnedoutahalf-centuryhistoryofthethreekingdoms.Thefourthfeatureisthegeographicalfeature.CaoCaoandSunQuanhaveaYangtzeRiverinbetween.ThisYangtzeRiverhangshighabovetheskyandthickgroundbelowit.,Orthestormywaveshittheshore.Therefore,bothsidesofthewararemakingabigfussaroundthisbigriver.Thecloudyandsunnychangesinthisbigriveralwaysaffectthestrategiesandtacticsofbothsidesincombat.Thefifthfeatureisthatmultiplecontradictionsintersecteachother.Therearecontradictionsbetweentheenemyandourselves,suchasCaoCaotryingtodestroySunQuan,andcontradictionswithintheallies,suchasZhouYutryingtokillZhugeLiang;therearebothopenspears,hiddenarrows,Thereiscollusion,betrayal,justice,andconspiracydestruction.Thesixthcharacteristicis:theresultofthecontradictorystruggleisunexpected:thestrongestloses,theweakestwins;theonewiththemosttroopslosestheworst,andtheonewiththefewestgainsthemost.

LuoGuanzhong'smostoutstandingachievementistocreatetypicalcharacterswhoarealwaysradiant.ThesecharactershavebeenactiveontheChinesestageforhundredsofyears,andtheyhavebeenimprintedintheheartsoftheChinesepeople.

Theplotistortuousandnovel,andthelanguageisindividualizedandconcise,whichisalsoacharacteristicofLuoGuanzhong'shistoricalnovels.

CharacterEvaluation

LuoGuanzhongisnotonlyrecognizedasoneofChina’searliestZhanghuistylenovels,andtheauthorofthepioneering"HistoricalRomance"genre"TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms",butheisalsoconsideredseparatelyInitiatedthechapter-stylenovelsof"herolegend"and"shenandgoblinnovels".Theauthorsof"WaterMargin"and"SanSuiPingDemonBiography"bothincludeLuoGuanzhong'sargument,whileanothermajorcategoryof"worldnovels"isderivedfromadaptations"JinPingMei"fromtheplotof"WaterMargin".Fromthis,itcanbeconsideredthatLuoGuanzhongaloneactedastheoriginator(oratleastoneoftheoriginators)ofthefourmaincategoriesofChineseclassicallong-formHui-stylenovels,whichhasepoch-makingsignificanceforthedevelopmentofChinesenovels.SomepeopleevencallLuoGuanzhong"thekingofancientChinesenovels."

Mainworks

Script

"SongTaizuLonghuFengyunMeeting","ZhongzhengDutifulSonSerialAdmonition","SanpingZhangCryandCryTigerSon".

Novels

"TheBiographyofSuiandTangDynasties","TheHistoricalRomanceoftheRemnantTangandFiveDynasties","SanSuipingDemonBiography","Fenzhuanglou"and"WaterMargin"co-writtenbyShiNaianTheCompleteBiography,TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,etc.

Publishingbooks

Seemorebooks

CommemorationofLaterGenerations

ShandongDongping

LuoGuanzhongMemorialHallislocatedinDongpingCounty,Tai'anCity,ShandongProvinceLuozhuangVillage,NewDistrict,coversanareaof​​34,400squaremeters,andhasabuildingareaof​​6,700squaremeters.ItwasdesignedbyQufuAncientArchitectureInstituteandbuiltinthestyleofMingDynastyarchitecture,withbluebricksandgraytiles,carvedbeamsandpaintedbuildings.ThemainbuildingsincludeGuanzhongtang,WaterMargin,Sanguoyuan,Guanzhongju,Luoyuan,andSteleGallery.Outsidethememorialhall,therearetwoarchwaysinthehometownofLuoguanzhong,northandsouth,andthestoryoftheThreeKingdomsinthenortharchway,andthestoryoftheWaterMargininthesoutharchway.ThenamesofthetwoarchwayswereinscribedbyscholarsFengQiyongandOuyangZhongshirespectively.Botharchwaysare16.6metershighand30meterswide.

Themainbuildingofthememorial,Guanzhongtang,isofthepalacestyleoftheMingDynasty.TheseatedbronzestatueofLuoGuanzhongis2.7metershighandweighs1ton.Thecoupletonbothsidesis"ConfuciustoSaintNishan,DaxianDongyuanLuoGuanzhong".

Qingxu,Shanxi

MountainGateArchitecture

ThemountaingateofLuoguanzhongMemorialHallisanantiqueXieshan-stylebuilding.Thereisapairofbluecarvedstonelionsinfrontofthedoor.Hangingonthedooristheplaqueof"LuoGuanzhongMemorialHall"handwrittenbycontemporaryculturalcelebrityFengQiyong.OppositethesquareinfrontofthemountaingateisasplendidmulticoloredshadowwallwithembossedglazereliefsofKylinandjadebooks.Steppingintothemountaingate,thefirstthingyouseeistheverticalgranitesculptureofLuoGuanzhong.Heisfourmeterstallandhisdemeanorissolemnanddeep.Thebaseofthestatueisfivemetershigh,withathree-storywhitemarblecarvingcolumn.Thereisapondwithclearwateronthecentralaxisofthecompound,wherefishareplayinginit,andthereisarainbowjadebeltbridgeacrossthegreenpond.Thereareeightpairsofstonelionscarvedonthewhitemarblerailings.Therearethreewingroomsontheeastandwestsidesofthecourtyard.ThewestwingistheresearchcenterofLuoGuanzhongandtheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms.ItcontainsvariouseditionsofLuoGuanzhong’sworksandvariousrelatedbooksandpapers.Literatiandinexperiencedteasingandchess,andwritingarticlestofindtheplaceofelegance.

QixianCounty,Shanxi

LocatedinHewanVillage,XiliuzhiTownship,QixianCounty,thereareanumberofpreciousculturalrelicssuchasLuoGuanzhong’sgenealogy,godaxisandinkstoneusedbyLuoGuanzhong.TheLuoFamilyAncestralHallisnowakeyprotectionunitofJinzhongCity.

Relateddisputes

Hometowndisputes

TenRecords

(1)"XihuTouringZhiyu""Yun:QiantangLuoGuanzhongben,anativeoftheSouthernSongDynasty,wrotedozensofnovels.

(2)"ContinuedWenwenTongzhi"says:"WaterMargin"LuoGuanzhongchopsticks.Ziguanzhong,fromHangzhou.

(3)"SevenRevisedDrafts"says:"ThreeKingdoms"and"SongJiang"arecompiledbyHangzhouLuobenGuanzhong.

(4)"TheLegendoftheThreeKingdoms"Wanlioffice,DongyuanLuodaoedition.

(5)"ThreeSuipingDemonBiography"Department:CompiledbyDongyuanLuoGuanzhong.

(6)"WaterMarginZhuanCriticForest"Department:CentralPlainsGuanzhongLuodao,whoserealnameisQingfueditor.

(7)"WaterMargin"Department:EditedbyLuoGuanzhong,CentralPlains.

(8)Theoldofficeof"SuoTangQuanZhuan":LulingLuoBen.

(9)"YinshuwuShuying"says:"WaterMargin"issaidtohavebeenwrittenbyLuoGuanzhong,anativeofHongwuearlyYue.

(10)TheContinuationoftheRecordingGhostBooksays:LuoGuanzhong,anativeofTaiyuan,ascatteredpersoninHuhai,oligarchswithothers,Yuefulingo,extremelyfresh,andYuisayear-longfriendship,sufferingfromtimetotime,eachOneday.UntilZhengjiachenresumesthemeeting,don'tcomeformorethansixtyyears,withoutknowingitsend.

Fivesayings

Thefivesayingsare:Hangzhou,Luling,CentralPlains,Dongyuan,andTaiyuan.ThemostconcernedisHangzhou,Dongyuan,andTaiyuan.

Hangzhousaid:Thesixteenthinthelistof"TheCollectedWorksofZhaoBaofeng"byZhaoBaofeng,alocalscholarinHangzhou,hasthenameofRobben.HangpeoplethinkthatLuoBenisLuoGuanzhong,butLuoGuanzhonghasparticipatedinmanypoliticalactivitiesinmanyplacesandcannotbeeasilyidentifiedashisofficialbirthplace.Hangzhousaiditcouldnotbeestablished.

DongyuansaidthatitcamefromMr.Yongyuzi(JiangDaqi)inthesixthyearofHongzhiintheMingDynasty.JiangDaqibelievedthatthebookwasobtainedintheDongyuangenerationandattributedtheauthortoDongyuan.Dongyuansaiditwasnotcredibleandcouldnotbeestablished.

Taiyuansaid,fromWumingshi,theauthorof"ContinuedRecordsofGhostBook",afterresearch,theauthorisJiaZhongming.

AnalyzedfromthediscoveryofLuoGuanzhong'sworksindifferentplaces,hehastraveledtomanyplacesandleftfootprintsinvariousplaces,whichisoneofthereasonswhytherearemanyopinionsabouthisnativeplace.Isconsistent.Atthattime,JiaZhongmingproposed"Taiyuanpeople".Taiyuanisalargearea,whichcontinentandwhichcountypeoplearefrom.JiaZhongmingdidn'tmentionit.ButfromthegenealogyfoundinHewanVillage,whereLuosisthemostconcentrated,therearesixmajorevidences:sacredpaper,beam-protectingsign,tomb,inkstone,andplaque.ItcanbeexplainedthatLuoGuanzhongwasdirectlyunderQixianCounty,whichwasunderTaiyuan'sjurisdictionatthattime.

WithShiNai'an

Thepseudonym"ShiNai'an"

InAugust2006,the"LuoGuanzhongandAttheInternationalSymposiumon"ThreeKingdoms"and"WaterMargin",500expertsfromhomeandabroadgenerallybelievedthat"WaterMargin"wasabannedbookatthebeginningoftheMingDynastyanditwasimpossibletopublishitunderitsrealname.LuoGuanzhonghimselfwasfromDongping,Shandong,andShiNaianwasinNotracecanbefoundinhistoricaldata.Inthiscase,theauthorislikelytopublishunderthename.IntheearlyMingDynasty,therewasLuoGuanzhong'ssinglesignature,andthejointsignatureofShiNai'anandLuoGuanzhongwasdiscoveredinthelaterperiod.

"ShiNai'an"iswrittenbackwardsas"INaiShi".ShiNai'anisspokeninShandongaccent,andthepronunciationisalso"ShiNaiI".Accordingtothehabitofmanywritersatthattimeinwritingandsigningbooks,"Thesubtextof"ShiNai'an-LuoGuanzhong"isprobably"IamLuoGuanzhong".Aftercombiningthewritingcharacteristicsof"TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms"and"WaterMargin",someexpertsbelievethatthesetwomasterpieceswerewrittenbyLuoGuanzhongusingdifferentcollectionmethods.

Therelationshipbetweenmasterandapprentice

JiLianhaidoesnotagreewiththestatementthat"WaterMargin"waswrittenbyLuoGuanzhongalone.Heevenagreeswiththewidelyspread"ShiNai"AnLuoGuanzhongistherelationshipbetweenmasterandapprentice".HesaidthatShiNai'anandLuoGuanzhongareteachers-studentrelations,fromthebook"ShiNai'anEpitaph"byDaoshengWangofHuai'aninMingDynastyand"ShaoShiShanFangBiCong"byHuYinglininQingDynasty.

WangDaoshengsaid:"Eachdraftmustbeproofreadwiththepeople.TheZhenghaiyuisespeciallygoodforLuoGuanzhong."HuYinglinsaidofShiNaiwhentalkingabouttheoriginofthecreationof"WaterMargin"."An"an"gotSongZhangShuye'strickstocatchthethief,andhelearnedtheoriginofhis180people,anditwasmadeintothisseriesbecauseofretouching.HisdiscipleLuoBenalsofollowedtheexampleof"TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms",whichissuperficialandsimple.ThischaracterisGuanzhong.Althoughtherearenotmanyhistoricalrecords,itcanstillbeverifiedthatShiNai'anandLuoGuanzhongbelongedtothelateYuanandearlyMingDynasty.ShiNai'anwas20or30yearsold,andbothofthemparticipatedintheZhangShichengUprising."Edition"introducedthatLuoGuanzhong"Yuefulingoisveryfresh",somanyscholarsbelievethattheincorporationofpoemsin"WaterMargin"ismostlydonebyLuoGuanzhong.Asacomplier,LuoGuanzhongalsorevised"WaterMargin",whichisinlinewiththe"WaterMargin"."TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms"hassomesimilarplotsanditisnormal.