Introduction
Electrostaticdustremovalisamethodofgasdustremoval.Thedust-containinggasiselectricallyseparatedwhenpassingthroughahigh-voltageelectrostaticfield,andafterthedustparticlescombinewithnegativeionstobenegativelycharged,theytendtodischargeanddepositonthesurfaceoftheanode.Usedinmetallurgy,chemicalandotherindustriestopurifygasorrecoverusefuldustparticles.Adustcollectionmethodthatusesanelectrostaticfieldtoionizethegassothatthedustparticlesarechargedandadsorbedontheelectrode.Inastrongelectricfield,airmoleculesareionizedintopositiveionsandelectrons.Theelectronsencounterdustparticlesintheprocessofrunningtowardthepositiveelectrode,causingthedustparticlestobenegativelychargedandadsorbedtothepositiveelectrodetobecollected.Ofcourse,throughtechnologicalinnovation,thereisalsoawaytocollectdustfromthenegativeplate.Inthepast,itwasoftenusedinfactoriesandpowerstationsthatusedcoalasfueltocollectcoalashanddustinfluegas.Inmetallurgy,itisusedtocollectoxidesoftin,zinc,lead,aluminum,etc.,andtherearealsodustremovalandsterilizationproductsthatcanbeusedinhouseholds.
Classification
Accordingtothecurrentdomesticcommonelectrostaticprecipitatortypes,itcanberoughlydividedintothefollowingcategories:Accordingtothedirectionofairflow,itcanbedividedintoverticalandhorizontaltypes,anddividedaccordingtothetypeofprecipitationpole.Theyareplatetypeandtubetype,andaredividedintodryandwettypesaccordingtothemethodofremovingdustonthesedimentationplate.
Technicalfeatures
Ordinarypurifiersusefilterpapertofilterthedustintheair,whichcaneasilyblockthefilterholes.Themoredustaccumulates,notonlyhasnosterilizationeffect,butalsoeasilycausesSub-pollution.Theelectrostaticdustremovaltechnologyhasthefollowingadvantages:
(1)Highdustremovalefficiency;
(2)Largeairvolumecanbepurified;
(3)Theparticlesizerangethatcanberemovediswide;
(4)Itcanpurifythedustyfluegaswithhighertemperature;
(5)Thestructureissimple,theairvelocityislow,andthepressurelossissmall;
(6)Energyconsumptionislowerthanothertypesofdustcollectors;
(7)Theelectricdustcollectorcanrealizemicrocomputercontrolandremoteoperation.
AdvantagesandDisadvantages
ElectrostaticPrecipitatorAdvantages
⑴Highpurificationefficiency,capableofcapturingFine-graineddustabove0.01microns.Inthedesign,differentoperatingparameterscanbeusedtomeettherequiredpurificationefficiency.
⑵Theresistancelossissmall,generallybelow20mmwatercolumn.Comparedwiththecyclonedustcollector,evenifthepowerconsumptionofthepowersupplyunitandtherappingmechanismisconsidered,thetotalpowerconsumptionisstillrelativelysmall.
⑶Theallowableoperatingtemperatureishigh.Forexample,theSHWBtypecircuitdusterisbestallowedtooperateat250℃,andothertypescanreach350~400℃orhigher.
⑷Therangeofprocessinggasislarge.
⑸Itcanfullyrealizeautomaticoperationcontrol.
Disadvantagesofelectrostaticprecipitator:
⑴Theequipmentismorecomplicated,requiringahighlevelofequipmentdeployment,installation,andmaintenancemanagement.
⑵Therearecertainrequirementsforthespecificresistanceofdust,sothereisacertaindegreeofselectivityfordust,anditisimpossibletoobtainhighpurificationefficiencyforalldust.
⑶Itisgreatlyaffectedbytheoperatingconditionsofgastemperatureandhumidity.Thesamekindofdust,suchasoperatingatdifferenttemperaturesandhumidity,willhavedifferenteffects.Somedustsareusedatacertaintemperatureandhumidity.Theeffectisverygood,andtheelectrostaticprecipitatorcanhardlybeusedduetothechangeofdustresistanceunderanothertemperatureandhumidity.
Application
Theelectrostaticprecipitatorairpurifierusesahigh-voltagedirectcurrentelectricfieldtoionizegasmoleculesintheair,generatingalargenumberofelectronsandions,whichmovetothetwopolesundertheforceoftheelectricfield.Duringtheprocess,thedustparticlesandbacteriaintheairflowarecharged,andthechargedparticlesmovetotheoppositelychargedplatesundertheactionoftheelectricfield.Undertheactionoftheelectricfield,thefreeionsintheairmovetothetwopoles,andthevoltageThehighertheelectricfieldintensity,thefastertheionmovementspeed.Duetothemovementofions,anelectriccurrentisformedbetweenthepoles.Inthebeginning,therearefewerfreeionsintheairandlesscurrent.Afterthevoltagerisestoacertainvalue,theionsnearthedischargeelectrodegainhigherenergyandspeed.Whentheyhittheneutralatomsintheair,theneutralatomswilldecomposeintopositiveandnegativeions.Thisphenomenoniscalledairionization.Aftertheairisionized,thenumberofionsmovingbetweenthepolesisgreatlyincreasedduetothechainreaction,whichismanifestedasasharpincreaseinthecurrentbetweenthepoles(calledcoronacurrent).Theairbecomesaconductor,andthehigh-strengthvoltagecapturestheattachedbacterialparticles,causinganinstantaneouselectricalshock.Throughthecellwallcomposedofprotein,itcankillbacteriaandabsorbdust.’